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 Topic  |
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Momodou
Denmark
11513 Posts |
 Posted - 19 Jun 2021 : 16:19:47
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GAMBIA-L Digest 66
Topics covered in this issue include:
1) Shee'a-Sunni divide
by umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA
2) Forwarding mail from Pa-Abdou Barrow
by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou)
3) Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
4) Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide
by Gunjur@aol.com
5) Re: Self Introduction
by "PA-MAMBUNA O. BOJANG" <paomar@iglou.com>
6) Educational group, Gambia College
by =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk>
7) POLYGAMY
by Andrea Klumpp <klumpp@kar.dec.com>
8) Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
9) Re: POLYGAMY
by Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
10) Re: POLYGAMY
by Gunjur@aol.com
11) CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
by "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM>
12) APPEAL FOR AN (ISP) LOCATION !!!
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
13) Re: POLYGAMY
by "Ousman G." <gajigoo@wabash.edu>
14) Fwd: East African Passports.
by mmjeng@image.dk
15) Fwd: Africa`s Telecom Union In Dire Straits.
by mmjeng@image.dk
16) Re: POLYGAMMY
by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
17) Re: POLYGAMY
by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
18) Re: POLYGAMY
by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
19) Sorry.
by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
20) APPEAL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS !!!
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
21) ISP Search
by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
22) Re: APPEAL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS !!!
by fjanneh@juno.com (Fatou K Janneh)
23) Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
24) Fwd: Kenya Based Habitat Center target of U.N. Probe
by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
25) Fwd: Mystery Millionaire
by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
26) Fwd: Francophone West Africa seek joint peace force
by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
27) Fwd: HEALTH: PNEUMONIA VACCINE SUCCESSFULLY TESTED IN GAMBIA
by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
28) World Cup Africa Zone Results (fwd)
by Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my>
29) legal systems and the principles of morality and justice
by "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk>
30) SYSTEM TEST
by MAKE THAT VISION A REALITY <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com>
31) Re: POLYGAMY
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
32) Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
33) Re: POLYGAMY
by Gunjur@aol.com
34) RE: Polygamy
by Andrea Klumpp <klumpp@kar.dec.com>
35) Re: Fwd: Mystery Millionaire
by Gunjur@aol.com
36) RE: Polygamy
by Gunjur@aol.com
37) Re: POLYGAMY
by Gunjur@aol.com
38) Re: POLYGAMY
by Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu>
39) Unbearable Whiteness (fwd)
by Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
40) RE: Polygamy
by Ceesay Soffie <Ceesay_Soffie@ems.prc.com>
41) New member -Reply
by ANNIE BITTAYE <AB063147@gwmail.kysu.edu>
42) Re: POLYGAMY
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
43) RE: Polygamy
by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
44) New Member
by sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
45) SUBSCRIBE GAMBIA-L
by Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my>
46) New Member
by sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
47) Re: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
by Abdou Gibba <Abdou.Gibba@smr.uib.no>
48) Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent
Pneumonia
by "Per E. Grotnes" <perg@nfh.uit.no>
49) RE: Polygamy
by "MOMODOU MUSA CEESAY" <LEY5MC1@ccn6.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk>
50) RE: Polygamy
by Gunjur@aol.com
51) Dr Sheku Kamara's debut novel
by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
52) New Member -Reply
by Sukai Gaye <sg125909@gwmail.kysu.edu>
53) RE: Polygamy
by Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu>
54) RE: Polygamy
by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
55) Re: New Member
by umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA
56) Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
by Gunjur@aol.com
57) Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
58) TAMSIR M'BAI
by "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk>
59) RE: Polygamy
by Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
60) Re: Polygamy
by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
61) Fwd:Ten African States Creat Tolerance Network.
by mmjeng@image.dk
62) Fwd: Diouf Worried By Crippling School Strikes.
by mmjeng@image.dk
63) RE: Polygamy
by Gunjur@aol.com
64) Re: Polygamy
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
65) Re: Polygamy
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
66) New Member
by ASJanneh@aol.com
67) RE: New Member
by MAKE THAT VISION A REALITY <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com>
68) RE: POLYGAMY
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
69) RE: Polygamy
by Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my>
70) African First Ladies to Meet in Nigeria (fwd)
by Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my>
71) Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters
by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou)
72) Re: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters
by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
73) OPINION GAMBIA COLLEGE
by Olafiaklinikken Olafia <olafia@online.no>
74) report on Gambia College
by =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk>
75) Re: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters
by "Numukunda Darboe(Mba)" <ndarboe@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu>
76) Fwd: U.N. Habitat Centre rejects investigation findings
by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
77) Fwd: Africa-Press Africa: Weekly Press Review
by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
78) NCC Report On-line
by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou)
79) African First Ladies Mtg: Why not First Spouses?
by "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM>
80) Fwd: Africa-Press, 1st Lead + *adds comments on Gambia*
by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
81) Re: Polygamy
by Gunjur@aol.com
82) Fwd: African Ministers On Boosting Information
by mmjeng@image.dk
83) RE: POLYGAMY
by Gunjur@aol.com
84) Just a Thought
by SBarry1035@aol.com
85) Re: African First Ladies Mtg: Why not First Spouses?
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
86) Re: Just a Thought
by Shieboyc@aol.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 02:19:24 -0500 (CDT)
From: umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA
To: Gambia-l <Gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Shee'a-Sunni divide
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970427012928.15225C-100000@pollux.cc.umanitoba.ca>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Bass! I really feel I should reply to some of the points that you raised
about the difference between these two groups.
First the difference is not as simple as you put it and there is no
way one can simultaneously be both Shee'a and Sunni. Apart from just
labels let's look at the meaning of the words. Sunni is taken from the
word sunnah (tradition) and it means follower of the tradition of
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Shee'a represents those who deffered. The
Prophet has said that he is the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate.
How about some of the things that he said about Abubakr? I'll give you
a couple: He has siad that the faith of Abubakr is more than the faith
of all his ummah from his time to the day of judgement. He also said
that there is no man in history other than the Prophets of Allah that
is better than Abubakr. When the Prophet was at the brink of death (3
days before his death) he did ask Abubakr to lead the people in Prayer
i.e., take his place as the Imam. I don't know if these
were hints that he wanted Abubakr to be his successor but right after
his death there was a big fitna (fight) about who should be his successor
and Umar said "who will choose himself above Abubakr?" thus Abubakr became
the Amir (leader). Ali, Umar etc were all serving faithfully under
Abubakr. The shee'a on the other hand said Ali should be the leader
because he is part of AhlilBait as you mentioned. The shee'a got
divided into so many sects and among them are people who think that
Ali should have been The Prohet and there are some, although a small
minority who think Ali is God.
Brother Bass you rightfully did mention that the sunnis pray five
times daily and the shee'a prayer 3 times. How many prayers did the
Prophet Mustapha do and told us to do (at there prescibed times)?
Last point I would like to reply to is that the sunni break there
fast during Ramadan while travelling and fast same number of days
after Ramadan while the shee'a fast while on a journey until midday
and pay nothing back after Ramadan. Now look at verse 183 and verse 184
of chapter 2 (Al Baqara), it goes like this, 183: "O you who believe!
fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you
that you may become Pious", 184: "(Observing Fasting) for a fixed number
of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number
should be made up from other days......". I guess that's clear so I'll
stop there. Thanks very much.
Alieu Jawara.
umjawara@cc.umanitoba.ca
http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umjawara
(204)261-0745
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 11:00:05 +0200
From: momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Forwarding mail from Pa-Abdou Barrow
Message-ID: <19970427100422.AAB18646@LOCALNAME>
I CAME ACROSS THIS AND I THOUGHT I COULD SEND IT TO THE LIST.
PA-ABDOU
A Sense of a Goose
------------------
Next fall, when you see geese heading south for the winter, flying
along in "V" formation, you might consider what science has discovered
as to why they fly that way. As each bird flaps its wings, it creates
an uplift for the bird immediately following. By flying in the "V"
formation, the whole flock adds at least 71 percent greater flying
range than if each bird flew on its own.
People who share a common direction and sense of community
can get where they are going more quickly and easily, because
they are traveling on the thrust of one another.
When a goose falls out of formation, it suddenly feels the drag and
resistance of trying to go it alone - and quickly gets back into
formation to take advantage of the lifting power of the bird in front.
If we have as much sense as a goose, we will stay in formation
with those people who are headed the way we are.
When the goose gets tired, it rotates back in the wing and another
goose flies point.
It is sensible to take turns doing demanding jobs, whether
with people or with geese flying south.
Geese honk from behind to encourage those up front to keep up with
their speed.
What messages do we give when we honk from behind?
Finally - and this is important - when a goose gets sick or wounded by
gunshot, and falls out of formation, two other geese fall out with
that goose and follow it down to lend help and protection. They stay
with the fallen goose until it is able to fly or until it dies; and
only then do they launch out on their own, or with another formation
to catch up with their group.
If we have the sense of a goose, we will stand by each other
like that.
- Author unknown
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 27 Apr 1996 14:36:49 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide
Message-ID: <318206D1.3508@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA wrote:
>
> Bass! I really feel I should reply to some of the points that you raised
> about the difference between these two groups.
> First the difference is not as simple as you put it and there is no
> way one can simultaneously be both Shee'a and Sunni. Apart from just
> labels let's look at the meaning of the words. Sunni is taken from the
> word sunnah (tradition) and it means follower of the tradition of
> Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Shee'a represents those who deffered. The
> Prophet has said that he is the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate.
> How about some of the things that he said about Abubakr? I'll give you
> a couple: He has siad that the faith of Abubakr is more than the faith
> of all his ummah from his time to the day of judgement. He also said
> that there is no man in history other than the Prophets of Allah that
> is better than Abubakr. When the Prophet was at the brink of death (3
> days before his death) he did ask Abubakr to lead the people in Prayer
> i.e., take his place as the Imam. I don't know if these
> were hints that he wanted Abubakr to be his successor but right after
> his death there was a big fitna (fight) about who should be his successor
> and Umar said "who will choose himself above Abubakr?" thus Abubakr became
> the Amir (leader). Ali, Umar etc were all serving faithfully under
> Abubakr. The shee'a on the other hand said Ali should be the leader
> because he is part of AhlilBait as you mentioned. The shee'a got
> divided into so many sects and among them are people who think that
> Ali should have been The Prohet and there are some, although a small
> minority who think Ali is God.
> Brother Bass you rightfully did mention that the sunnis pray five
> times daily and the shee'a prayer 3 times. How many prayers did the
> Prophet Mustapha do and told us to do (at there prescibed times)?
> Last point I would like to reply to is that the sunni break there
> fast during Ramadan while travelling and fast same number of days
> after Ramadan while the shee'a fast while on a journey until midday
> and pay nothing back after Ramadan. Now look at verse 183 and verse 184
> of chapter 2 (Al Baqara), it goes like this, 183: "O you who believe!
> fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you
> that you may become Pious", 184: "(Observing Fasting) for a fixed number
> of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number
> should be made up from other days......". I guess that's clear so I'll
> stop there. Thanks very much.
>
> Alieu Jawara.
> umjawara@cc.umanitoba.ca
> http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umjawara
> (204)261-0745
>
MR.JAWARA!!
THANKS FOR YOUR RESPONSE.AS I SAID,NO ONE HAS A MONOPOLY ON THE
INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM,AND THAT APPLIES TO ME ALSO.AND EVEN THOUGH I
CAN STILL ARGUE WITH SOME OF THE POINTS YOU DON'T SEEM TO AGREE WITH IN
MY ARTICLE,I WOULD RATHER APPLY THE PRINCIPLE THAT SAYS
THAT "Difference Of Opinion Between Moslems Is A Blessing For Them".
THE ONLY POINT I WOULD HOWEVER WANT TO ARGUE WITH YOU ON IS YOUR DENIAL
THAT ONE COULD BE SIMULTANEOUSLY A SHIA AND A SUNNI.WHAT YOU HAVE TO
UNDERSTAND IS THAT THE PROPHET WAS NEITHER A SUNNI OR A SHIA BUT JUST A
MOSLEM;AND THAT THESE DIFFERENCES CAME AFTER HIM.IN MY UNIVERSITY
YEARS,ONE OF THE THINGS WE WERE TAUGHT THAT IT DIFFERENTIATES THE SUNNI
FROM THE SHIA IS "TEMPORARY MARRIAGE",PRACTISED BY THE SHIAS AND NOT
PRACTISED BY THE SUNNIS,BUT THIS VERY PRACTICE WAS LEGALISED BY SAUDI
ARABIA JUST A COUPLE MONTHS AGO.NOW,THERE IS A PROBLEM HERE.EITHER MY
PROFESSORS WERE LYING TO ME, OR THE SAUDIS HAVE EXPEDIENTLY CHANGED THE
GOAL POST,WHICH BRINGS ME TO MY THESIS THAT SINCE BOTH THESE SECTS
BELIEVE IN THE BASIC TENETS OF ISLAM,IT SHOULDN'T MATTER
REALLY,ESPECIALLY, FOR US GAMBIANS, WHO IS A SHIA OR WHO IS A
SUNNI.BECAUSE THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A CLEAN SHIA OR SUNNI.EACH SIDE
STEALS A COUPLE OF THINGS FROM THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FENCE,WHICH TO ME
IS INDEED A GOOD THING.
REGARDS BASSSSS!!
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 15:37:55 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide
Message-ID: <970427153754_-1133144262@emout10.mail.aol.com>
Mr. Jawara,
Thanks for the very clear points from the holy Qu'ran. Brother Bass has said
many incorrect and misleading things in his so called well researched
treatise. However, l am waiting for him to complete his address before l
reply to it point by point, not with conjecture, but with facts. I believe he
promised to tell us why Gambians etc can feel free to be either Sunni or
Shi'ite. I'm looking forward to it.
Jabou Joh.
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 16:26:22 -0400
From: "PA-MAMBUNA O. BOJANG" <paomar@iglou.com>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Self Introduction
Message-ID: <3363B66E.7FD6@iglou.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
PAUL,
WELCOME ABOARD. THE BANTABA CAN GET TENSE AT TIMES, BUT ITS BOTH
EDUCATIVE AND INFORMATIONAL. FEEL FREE TO SHARE IDEAS. SAY HI TO OTHER
FOLKS OUT THERE.b HOPE TO SEE YOU AT SANG'S GRADUATION (BEREA) IN IN A
FEW WEEKS
PA-MAMBUNA
Lexington.
Paul Jammeh wrote:
>
> Hi Gambians & friends of Gambia,
>
> Though late, please accept my well overdue self introduction as a new
> member. Exams are kicking my butt as we head towards the end of the
> semester, and there was really no space to let a cat swing.
>
> Anyway, as a new member, I am most delighted to be part of this
> network.Special thanks to Dr. Amadou Janneh for helping list me in this
> effective and most profound Gambian "bantaba". Greetings to all of you
> from Jacksonville,AL.
>
> For those of you who don't know me, my name is Paul Dembo Jammeh, a
> Gambian, and a 1987 & 1989 st. Augustine's high school graduate.Presently,
> I am enrolled in Jacksonville State University, in Jacksonville, Alabama
> (NOT FLORIDA).Being here in this remote southern city is becoming fun. We
> are nine Gambians, eight of which are attending the same college. We hope
> to have more Gambian enrollment by the fall. So please come on board, have
> fun, and enjoy the unquestioned Alabama weather.
>
> Anyway, thanks for the time.
> Paul
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 09:48:07 +0200
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk>
To: "'gambia'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Educational group, Gambia College
Message-ID: <c=DK%a=_%p=DIF%l=DKDIFS02-970428074807Z-1909@dkdifs02.dif.dk>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Friend, Omar S. Saho
thanks for the information. Right now I have one of my gambian friends
visiting me , and last night I was showing my videos from my latest
visit to the Gambia and the Gambia college in 1995. And I can now
understand from your visit and information given, that the situation has
not been better og improved since those days. I=B4ll gladly join the
"education group". Put me on the list and give me more information,
please.=20
Asbj=F8rn Nordam=20
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 13:34:55 +0200
From: Andrea Klumpp <klumpp@kar.dec.com>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <33648B5F.4038@kar.dec.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hello Dawda Singateh, Ancha, Jabou and others,
yes, the topic has been discussed vividly for weeks. As I see it, Gambia
and the Gambians are undergoing considerable changes, not only of
political stuctures, but of many other aspects of life. some of these
changes might be obvious and visible (... some even monumental..) but
there are many other not so spectacular processes and discussions which
are far from being over and the polygamy topic is one of it, I think.
This is why I'm convinced that continued discussion of the issue is
important - and we had not yet the pleasure of reading your ideas, as
you two are new listmembers. People who are not interested in the
topic, can just delete the messages.
Ylva recently posted an announcement of NOW, where a (white) polygamist
women is going to speek about the feminist aspect of the custom. I hope
that we'll have the chance of reading the speech.
Grown up in a monogamist society, I was longtime aware of the negative
aspects of polygamy, only. When I got in touch with Gambians and visited
the country I started developing interest in the advantages, which must
be there, because otherwise it would not have been practiced such a long
time.
The first thing, I came across was the partial freedom women could have
by sharing their husband. I mean, men can be very time- energy- and work
intensive (and sometimes money intensive, too). It could be a relief to
have a break from martial duties.
Concerning decision making, I could imagine, that - at least if the
households are seperate, which is more frequent in the urban areas, I
think - women have more freedom concerning decision making, as the
husband is not always there, i.e. the wifes are the "chiefs" during the
time when their husband is with another wife.
And then I thought of the power which could be achieved by the wifes: if
they agree and harmonize with each other, they could easily control
their husband.
Please bear with my theoretical "outsider's" views!
I think we agree that polygamy is often interpreted and practiced in a
way it was not meant to be, often (if not ususally) at the cost of
women's and childrens emotions, feeding, clothing and education, using
religious justifications ... What do you think about the advantages and
disadvantages of polygamy? What do women think? In the previous
discussion somebody stated that many Gambian women would prefer to take
a married man, if they had to choose between a married and a single man.
Do you agree? I would particularly like to know the advantages for the
wifes - as those for men are quite obvious. How could an ideal
polygamist relationship look like? What are the reasons for breaking
with the tradition, which became, according to Dawda Singateh a tendency
in the Gambia?
Oh jeh, many questions - thanks for replies and for reading through!
Regards,
Andrea
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 1996 14:42:06 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide
Message-ID: <3183598E.671E@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Gunjur@aol.com wrote:
>
> Mr. Jawara,
> Thanks for the very clear points from the holy Qu'ran. Brother Bass has said
> many incorrect and misleading things in his so called well researched
> treatise. However, l am waiting for him to complete his address before l
> reply to it point by point, not with conjecture, but with facts. I believe he
> promised to tell us why Gambians etc can feel free to be either Sunni or
> Shi'ite. I'm looking forward to it.
>
> Jabou Joh.
JABBOU!!
PERHAPS YOU SHOULD JUST GO AHEAD AND WRITE YOUR OBJECTIONS TO WHAT I
HAVE ALREADY WRITTEN, BECAUSE I HAVE AT PRESENT A LOT OF TRANSLATION
WORK TO DO FOR MY WORKPLACE,SO THAT THE GAMBIAN EPISODE WILL BE
INEVITABLY DELAYED.BUT I MUST SAY HERE A COUPLE OF THINGS THAT
DON'T NEED ANY RESEARCH AT ALL,GOOD OR BAD.
THAT BECAUSE GAMBIA IS A SECULAR,DEMOCRATIC,MULTI-ETHNIC,MULTI-RELIGIOUS
AND MULTI-SECT COUNTRY,
EVERYONE SHOULD,MUST AND WILL BE FREE TO FOLLOW WHATEVER CREED ONE
WANTS, WITHOUT RUNNING THE RISK OF BEING HOUNDED AND TAUNTED BY THE
ZEALOTS.THIS IS WHAT I BELIEVE IN,AND I KNOW THAT THAT IS THE WAY THE
MAJORITY OF GAMBIANS FEEL IN THEIR HEART OF HEARTS,AND I WOULD LIKE TO
BELIEVE THAT, EVEN THOUGH YOU TEDENTIOUSLY SOUND LIKE SOMEONE WHO HATES
THE SHIAS,YOU DO IT FOR THE SAKE OF CONTRIBUTING TO THE INTELLECTUAL
DISCUSSION ,AND NOT THAT YOU WOULD REALLY BE HOSTILE TO OTHER GAMBIANS
SIMPLY BECAUSE THEY DON'T AGREE WITH YOUR BRAND OF ISLAM.
REGARDS BASSSSS!!!
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 08:21:05 -0700 (PDT)
From: Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
To: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <Pine.A41.3.95b.970428081935.44592F-100000@dante05.u.washington.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Andrea,
Interesting questions...I love the Freudian slip typo: " Martial" instead
of "marital" duties :) best, Ylva PS Will forward the NOW speech if
someone e-mails it to me....
On Mon, 28 Apr 1997, Andrea Klumpp wrote:
> Hello Dawda Singateh, Ancha, Jabou and others,
>
> yes, the topic has been discussed vividly for weeks. As I see it, Gambia
> and the Gambians are undergoing considerable changes, not only of
> political stuctures, but of many other aspects of life. some of these
> changes might be obvious and visible (... some even monumental..) but
> there are many other not so spectacular processes and discussions which
> are far from being over and the polygamy topic is one of it, I think.
>
> This is why I'm convinced that continued discussion of the issue is
> important - and we had not yet the pleasure of reading your ideas, as
> you two are new listmembers. People who are not interested in the
> topic, can just delete the messages.
>
> Ylva recently posted an announcement of NOW, where a (white) polygamist
> women is going to speek about the feminist aspect of the custom. I hope
> that we'll have the chance of reading the speech.
>
> Grown up in a monogamist society, I was longtime aware of the negative
> aspects of polygamy, only. When I got in touch with Gambians and visited
> the country I started developing interest in the advantages, which must
> be there, because otherwise it would not have been practiced such a long
> time.
>
> The first thing, I came across was the partial freedom women could have
> by sharing their husband. I mean, men can be very time- energy- and work
> intensive (and sometimes money intensive, too). It could be a relief to
> have a break from martial duties.
>
> Concerning decision making, I could imagine, that - at least if the
> households are seperate, which is more frequent in the urban areas, I
> think - women have more freedom concerning decision making, as the
> husband is not always there, i.e. the wifes are the "chiefs" during the
> time when their husband is with another wife.
>
> And then I thought of the power which could be achieved by the wifes: if
> they agree and harmonize with each other, they could easily control
> their husband.
>
> Please bear with my theoretical "outsider's" views!
>
> I think we agree that polygamy is often interpreted and practiced in a
> way it was not meant to be, often (if not ususally) at the cost of
> women's and childrens emotions, feeding, clothing and education, using
> religious justifications ... What do you think about the advantages and
> disadvantages of polygamy? What do women think? In the previous
> discussion somebody stated that many Gambian women would prefer to take
> a married man, if they had to choose between a married and a single man.
> Do you agree? I would particularly like to know the advantages for the
> wifes - as those for men are quite obvious. How could an ideal
> polygamist relationship look like? What are the reasons for breaking
> with the tradition, which became, according to Dawda Singateh a tendency
> in the Gambia?
>
> Oh jeh, many questions - thanks for replies and for reading through!
>
> Regards,
>
> Andrea
>
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 13:21:12 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <970428132111_-1031744389@emout16.mail.aol.com>
Andrea'
In my younger years and up to a few years ago, I couldn't imagine myself in
a polygamous relationship even though l grew up in one. In my family, l had
the opportunity to observe the practice and see both the advantages and
disadvantages. On the negative side, there is much competition, jealousy ,
pettiness and distrust but there are can be many good things. E.g my
father's senior wife was a mid-wife per excellence (something she learned
from her mother) and delivered all my mothers babies.I had a huge family and
my dad provided food for all his employees(he was a peanut trader up river)
and l think that if one woman had to handle the amount of work involved
without an occasional break, they probably wouldn't live very long. I also
share your view that it is a great advantage to be able to get one's husband
out of your hair for a few days (sorry guys, no offence meant). Living with
husbands, especially traditional African husbands can be very demanding on a
woman and one can at least feel "free" for a while if there's another wife
they can go to. I have been very surprised by my own views on this issue
now.I first realized this when l had to move to the capital city in Botswana
with our kids for educational purposes, and without my former husband.I
thought l would be terribly lonely but found that l thoroughly enjoyed the
time l had alone. I know that now, if l had to share a husband, l would not
mind that at all provided that there is a certain level of maturity exercised
by all involved. I would not want to have to deal with unecessary hassles. I
think the main ingredient here would be self confidence and a good sense of
what you want to accomplish in life.If every body in the relationship . If
the wives cooperate, l think they can do much to make sure that all are
treated fairly.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: 28 Apr 97 14:39:19 EDT
From: "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM>
To: GAMBIA-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
Message-ID: <970428183918_73244.2701_FHO63-2@CompuServe.COM>
FYI
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From: Ibe Ibeike-Jonah <mi14@CORNELL.EDU>
Subject: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
Comments: To: OKYEAME@ATHENA.MIT.EDU
Comments: cc: LSA-L@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU, SENEGA-L@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT,
gr@pbs.port.ac.uk, okyeame@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
To: LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
*** IMPORTANT, PLS READ ***
CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
In the more than three decades since the bulk of African
countries gained independence from colonial rule, few African
rulers have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed themselves to
be defeated in an election. Unsurprisingly, an overwhelming
majority of these rulers have either been forced out of office
through popular revolt, armed insurrection, and coup d'etat, or
died in office after being too sick and senile to sign even their
signatures. Indeed, political succession has remained undoubtedly
one of post-colonial Africa's Achilles heels. The consequences of
this state of affairs are legion, and have been all too disastrous
for the continent. Many countries have known no political
stability --an essential condition for any meaningful development
to take place -- as a chain of individual rulers have, without
scruples, battled and decimated their own populace just to remain
in power; economies, upon which the welfare of the people depends,
have been ruined leaving in place a desolate economic landscape
that invites only the worst speculative activities and merchants of
death; precious unrenewable resources have continually been wasted
in pursuit of the mirage of staying in power indefinitely;
countless number of people have been uprooted and displaced from
their homes and reduced, as it were, to becoming food aid junkies
in refugee camps. Most portentous of all, the countries have been
robbed the dynamism and renewed vigor that come from the ascendance
to power of much younger, energetic leadership.
As we approach the 21st century, it behooves us (Africans) to
devise creative and ground-breaking ways to address this hydra-
headed problem. We need to create conditions to encourage African
heads of state to graciously hand over power to an elected
successor. This calls, among other things, for the establishment of
a Pan-African Senate consisting of former African heads of state
who have either allowed themselves to be defeated at the polls
(like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of Benin), or
handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun Obasanjo of
Nigeria and Julius Maada Bio of Sierra Leone), or retired in
conditions of pluralism and the open society (like Leopold Senghor
of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania, and Nelson "Madiba"
Mandela of South Africa who will be retiring in 1999 after a most
glorious and distinguished political career).
The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet
substantial purposes:
(1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom
and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic
statesmen and women.
(2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a
continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus
engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa.
(3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the
presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive
asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing".
The idea for the creation of a Pan-African Senate to serve the
above objectives comes from Professor Ali Mazrui. It may not be a
sure-fire recipe to cure all of Africa's political succession woes,
but it sure is a significant step toward fruitfully dealing with
the problem. If such an institution was in place a long time ago,
it could have arguably helped to prevent some of the worst crisis
afflicting African countries today. If Mobutu had voluntarily
vacated the presidency 20 years ago, Zairians would have been
spared the anguish, trauma and poverty visited on them by 32 years
of Mobutuism; if Babangida had graciously handed over power to the
presumed winner of the 1993 presidential elections, the current
imbroglio Nigeria is enmeshed in could have been avoided; and if
current rulers of Gabon, Kenya, Togo, Cameroon, etc. voluntarily
relinquish power, their respective countries would be spared the
aggravation of forceful change in leadership.
This is why you or your organization should sign the letter
below to be sent to all African foreign ministers and heads of
state asking them to include the formation of an African Senate as
one of their agenda items in their upcoming annual meeting. The OAU
council of ministers will meet from May 28-30, and the heads of state
summit from June 2-4, 1997 at Harare Zimbabwe.
Append your name by cc mi14@cornell.edu Feel free to distribute
widely and send hardcopy signatories for collation to:
P. O. Box 4868, Ithaca NY 14852, USA.
Ibe Ibeike-Jonah
----------------------------------------------------------
April 25, 1997
President Robert G. Mugabe
Incoming Organization of African Unity (OAU) Chairman
Munhumutapa Bldg.
Samora Machel Avenue
Private Bag 7700, Causeway
Harare, Zimbabwe
Dear President Mugabe,
Creation of a Pan-African Senate
In the more than thirty years since the bulk of African
countries attained independence from colonial rule, few African
heads of state have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed
themselves to be defeated in an election. An inordinate number of
African rulers have either been forced out of office through armed
revolt and coup d'etat, or died in office after a protracted
illness that almost always paralyze the affairs of the state.
Indeed, political succession has remained one of Africa's Achilles
heels.
Conscious of the immense disastrous political and economic
consequences that ensue from the penchant of rulers to
indefinitely stay in office, mindful of the universal and fervent
desire of African people to creatively rise to the challenge of
solving the problems confronting the continent as we approach the
next century; and recognizing the need to create conditions that
will enable African rulers to graciously yield power to an elected
successor; we, the undersigned Africans, friends of Africa and
organizations recommend and call on the Organization of African
Unity (OAU) Council of Ministers and Heads of Government to include
as an agenda item in their scheduled annual summit meeting in
Harare, Zimbabwe the prompt establishment of a Pan-African Senate
consisting precisely of former African heads of state (and those
who follow in their footsteps) who have:
(i) either willingly and gracefully accepted electoral defeat at
the polls (like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of
Benin);
(ii) or handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun
Obasanjo of Nigeria and Julius Bio of Sierra Leone);
(iii) or retired in conditions of pluralism and the open society
(like Leopold Senghor of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania,
and Nelson "Madiba" Mandela of South Africa who has announced he
will be retiring in 1999 after a most distinguished political
career).
The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet
substantial purposes:
(1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom
and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic
statesmen and women.
(2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a
continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus
engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa.
(3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the
presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive
asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing".
We hope that the OAU Council of Ministers and Presidents will
heed our clarion call for the establishment of a Pan-African Senate
which, we believe, will significantly address the sore emanating
from the problem of political succession in Africa.
Sincerely,
signed
(001) Ibe Ibeike-Jonah, Ithaca NY (Nigerian)
(002) Prof. Ali Mazrui, Director Global Cultural Studies, SUNY
Binghamton NY
(003) Ed Mabaya, Mutare Zimbabwe
(004) Krishna Rao, New Delhi India
(005) Gibson Guvheya, Masvingo, Zimbabwean
(006) Dr Michel Del Buono, Cornell University/World Bank
(007) Araz Mekhtiev, Baku Azerbaijan
(008) Prof. Muna Ndulo, Cornell Law School, Ithaca (Zambian)
(009)
(010)
(011)
(012)
(013)
(014)
(015)
(016)
(017)
(018)
(019)
(020)
....
....
....
Cc:
- President Paul Biya of Cameroon, Outgoing OAU Chairman
- All African Heads of State
- Dr Stanislaus Mudenge, Zimbabwean Foreign Minister
- All African Foreign Ministers
- Dr Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Secretary-General
- Mr Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General
- Chief Emeka Anyaoku, Commonwealth of Nations Secretary-General
- Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, former President of Tanzania
- Kenneth Kaunda, former President of Zambia
- Olusegun Obasanjo, former Head of State of Nigeria
- Leopold Senghor, former President of Senegal
- Nicephore Soglo, former President of Benin Republic
- Julius Maada Bio, former Head of State of Sierra Leone
- Ibrahima Sy, OAU Representative to the UN
- Edouard E. Benjamin, ECOWAS Executive Secretary
- Kaire Mbuende, SADC Executive Secretary
- K. Y. Amoako, ECA Executive Secretary
- All African Media Outlets
- All African Non-governmental Organizations
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 1996 21:45:56 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU
Subject: APPEAL FOR AN (ISP) LOCATION !!!
Message-ID: <3183BCE4.7808@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
ABDOU wrote:
>
> Hi Folks,
> I spoke to Sankung today and he promised to try and send us some
> more issues through his own private, undisconnected account.
> As you know, I appealed to the list for help in locating an ISP
> with a public X.25 interface and have received none so far. As I am
> preparing for exams, I am doubtful that I can spend more than a little
> time on this search.
> Thanks and bye for now,
> -Abdou.
>
> *******************************************************************************
> A.TOURAY
> Computer Science
> Columbia University
> New York, NY 10027
>
> MY URL ON THE WWW= http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~at137
>
> A FINITE IN A LAND OF INFINITY.
> SEEKING BUT THE REACHABLE.
> I WANDER AND I WONDER.
> ALAS, ALL RESPITE IS FINAL.
> *******************************************************************************
HELLO EVERYONE OUT THERE!!!
please,please,heed the call that Abdou
is making,and help him locate the ISP needed.Abdou and others are our
Scientists,and if they can't get the tools to do the job,our Observer
Online Project would be heading for a dangerous
standstill.So,please,please everyone help!!
REGARDS BASSSS!!
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 14:05:43 -0500 (EST)
From: "Ousman G." <gajigoo@wabash.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <6BE23D4589@scholar.wabash.edu>
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
> I think we agree that polygamy is often interpreted and practiced in
> a way it was not meant to be, often (if not ususally) at the cost of
> women's and childrens emotions, feeding, clothing and education,
> using religious justifications ... What do you think about the
> advantages and disadvantages of polygamy? What do women think? In
> the previous discussion somebody stated that many Gambian women
> would prefer to take a married man, if they had to choose between a
> married and a single man. Do you agree? I would particularly like to
> know the advantages for the wifes - as those for men are quite
> obvious. How could an ideal polygamist relationship look like? What
> are the reasons for breaking with the tradition, which became,
> according to Dawda Singateh a tendency in the Gambia?
If there is any advantage to polygamy, then it is neglible compared
to its ill effects. Having been raised in a polygamous family most of
my life, I know at first hand how this affect the children and the emotional
effect on the wife who falls out of favor with the huusban. I
personally find it hard to believe that nowadays there is any
advantage to polygamy except for sexual fullfilment. The children's
welfare should be primary concern for adults before venturing into
polygamy. I think there should some legislature in place limiting
polygamy to only two wives. Having three, four, etc, is just plain
excessive and absurd. Polygamy may have had some merits
generations ago, but not in today's lifestyle.
Thanks.
Ousman
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 22:18:21 +2000
From: mmjeng@image.dk
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Fwd: East African Passports.
Message-ID: <199704281956.VAA27336@ns.image.dk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
East African Passports To Be Launched Tuesday
Apr. 28, 1997
Sam Mugo PANA Correspondent
NAIROBI, Kenya (PANA) - All is set for the launch Tuesday in Arusha,
Tanzania, of the East African passport for use in Kenya, Tanzania and
Uganda under their revived sub-regional cooperation scheme.
The passports will be officially put into circulation by Presidents
Daniel Arap Moi of Kenya, Benjamin William Mkapa of Tanzania and
Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of Uganda at a ceremony in the northern
Tanzanian tourist town.
Besides the introduction of the passports, the three leaders will also
unveil a Sub-regional flag, to signify the renewal of cooperation
between the three states in March 1996.
Tuesday's event will be part of an East African summit at which the
leaders will discuss a three-year development strategy aimed at
enhancing cooperation and assess the progress attained over the past
year.
The agenda of summit will include the 1997-98 budget of the
secretariat of the Cooperation based in Arusha, Tanzania, reports on
employment and labour movement and the state of relations between the
European Union and the 71-nation African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP).
The three leaders will also examine a report covering the
consultations of the vice-chancellors of East African universities.
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda had a thriving economic community created
in 1967 and operated joint railway, airline, customs, research as well
as a legislature.
The community was officially dissolved in 1983 after being
strangulated by political differences which started with the January
1971 military coup d'etat in Uganda.
Greetings.
Matarr M. Jeng http://www.image.dk/~mmjeng/
----------------------------------------------------------------------
--
Copyright =A9 1997 The Panafrican News Agency. All Rights Reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 22:18:21 +2000
From: mmjeng@image.dk
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Fwd: Africa`s Telecom Union In Dire Straits.
Message-ID: <199704281956.VAA27331@ns.image.dk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
Africa's Telecom Union In Dire Straits
Apr. 28, 1997
Sam Mugo PANA Correspondent
NAIROBI, Kenya (PANA) - A high level meeting of the Pan African
Telecommunications Union (Patu) opened in Nairobi on Monday with a
call on member countries to pay their outstanding dues to enable it
complete its programmes on time.
Opening the joint administrative council high level committee and
experts meeting, Kenya's Permanent Secretary for Transport and
Communications, Stanley Murage, insisted on the need to give the union
the financial resources and infrastructure needed for its
restructuring.
He said funds were required to enable the union cope with the
fast-changing technology under the ongoing globalisation of
telecommunication networks and services.
Murage said a revitalised Patu needs to address not only issues
concerning individual member-countries but also matters of regional
importance pending on the continent as a whole.
He said that the rapid changes have not only affected economic
development internationally, but have also impacted on management,
operations and regulation of telecommunications. He said Africa must
take cognisance of these trends and adopt suitable strategies to
enhance its position in these fields.
Murage recalled that a Patu conference held in Kampala, Uganda in 1994
had established the high level committee to study and make
recommendations on the restructuring of the union.
He commended the committee drawn from Patu five regions for completing
its task making it possible for participants in Nairobi to consider
the report and recommendations.
Patu's administrative council chairman, H. Katema lamented that the
Kinshasa-based Patu secretariat had been operating under extremely
difficult financial and communications conditions.
And yet, he said, the union has the potential of becoming a sure
avenue for achieving an integrated telecommunications network for the
entire African region.
The one-week conference attracted participants from 19 Patu
member-states, representing Africa's five geographical regions.
They came from Egypt and Tunisia (North Africa); Benin, Burkina Faso,
Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Nigeria (West Africa); Cameroon,
Central Africa republic, Congo and Zaire (Central Africa); Ethiopia,
Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania (East Africa) and Swaziland and Zambia
(Southern Africa).
Greetings.
Matarr M. Jeng. Http://image.dk/~mmjeng/
----------------------------------------------------------------------
--
Copyright =A9 1997 The Panafrican News Agency. All Rights Reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 17:55:40 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: POLYGAMMY
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704281712.A17515-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hello Jabou,
Thanks for the info. I already recieved a lot of info from Tony about
previous discussions the group has before I became a part of it.
I agree with you that a man cannot treat two women the same way..I don't
think that it is humanly possible. there will always be a favourite, due
to compatibility etc. The man might think that he's treating them the
same way cause non of the women is complaining. Only the women know
different. This is even more true esp. when the woman comes from a family
in which "women should respect their husbands and obey them" ie " be seen
and not heard". I also think that you're right in saying that it is a
lesson from God esp. when these men find out that having more than one
wife is
more than they can handle, ie, they don't have enough money to take care
of both their wives and their children properly or it causing them a lot
more stress than they had anticipated, etc.
I think a major problem is to educate women at home,.......esp. the
fact that they do
not have to depend on a man to take care of them,....they can do it by
themselves. Because I do think that some women become 2nd, 3rd etc wife
because thay want to be taken cared of........not having any "marketable"
skills that will enable them to care of themselves or do things for
themselves. I hope most of it will end cause I've seen a lot of pain, not
only with the wives but mostly the children, most of whom, due to their
mothers dislike for the "other wife/wives", influence their childrens
feelings towards the "other children". I'm sure there are some good
polygammous marriages out there and I might be wrong about this, but I
just feel there's more bad coming from these marriages than good. Am I
wrong about this??
Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 18:55:49 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704281828.A17515-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
On Mon, 28 Apr 1997, Ousman G. wrote:
>
> If there is any advantage to polygamy, then it is neglible compared
> to its ill effects. Having been raised in a polygamous family most of
> my life, I know at first hand how this affect the children and the emotional
> effect on the wife who falls out of favor with the huusban. I
> personally find it hard to believe that nowadays there is any
> advantage to polygamy except for sexual fullfilment. The children's
> welfare should be primary concern for adults before venturing into
> polygamy. I think there should some legislature in place limiting
> polygamy to only two wives. Having three, four, etc, is just plain
> excessive and absurd. Polygamy may have had some merits
> generations ago, but not in today's lifestyle.
>
> Thanks.
>
> Ousman
I have to agree with Ousman that polygammy should be limited to two
wives, since I believe that trying to eliminate it is...............
If one has to look at it from the womens point of view that Andrea and
Jabou pointed out ie African husbands are harder to deal with, needing
time for yourself after all the stress etc, then I can see how it can be
advantageous. BUT this is only true if all the women involved are mature
enough to handle the situation......which isn't often the case. The
problem is that some the women invole can be petty and catty. The friends
of one wife form a gang and in favour of their friend backbite the other
wife/wives, make obscene calls to her or even go to the extend to
attacking her physically !!! all of which is absurd, ridiculous
and childish. It's like saying "you have to suffer cause you're not part
of us". This sort of attitude shouldn't even be tolerated when it comes
to kids rather than adults.
When it comes to the stress involved with being married to a
Gambian/ African man, I think a lot of it has something to do with the
fact that you are married to the whole family and not just the man.
Sometimes, His extended family interfers with your marriage, giving you
advice and
telling you what and what not to do. I know it's hard, because most of us
tend to listen to advice from our families and instead of treating it
just as advice and seeing if it's necessary to act on it in our
particular situation, some people act on it, just as a sign of respect, or
just
to make them feel that even though we're married what they say still
matters. I guess this is where a husband and a wife have to be open with
each other. I think that some times Husbands
should be told about things like these, but there are women who think
they shouldn't bother their husbands with troubles that they ( the wife)
is having with the interferences of their husbands family. This kind of
stress can build up, making one feel angry and frustrated. But I think
that being husband and wife doesn't mean being stuck together all the
time. I think both should be able to make time inorder to do things away
from each other.......no I'n not saying that it's easy, just that it is
possible and should be encouraged. hence I don't think that one needs the
presence of another wife to make this a possibility. If a woman can make
the sacrifice of being with one man for the rest of her life I don't see
why a man cannot do the same!!! I'll stop here and see what everyone has
to say.
Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 19:09:08 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704281828.A17515-0100000-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
I agree with Ousman that polygammy should be limited to two
wives, since I believe that trying to eliminate it is...............
If one has to look at it from the womens point of view that Andrea and
Jabou pointed out ie African husbands are harder to deal with, needing
time for yourself after all the stress etc, then I can see how it can be
advantageous. BUT this is only true if all the women involved are mature
enough to handle the situation......which isn't often the case. The
problem is that some the women invole can be petty and catty. The friends
of one wife form a gang and in favour of their friend backbite the other
wife/wives, make obscene calls to her or even go to the extend to
attacking her physically !!! all of which is absurd, ridiculous
and childish. It's like saying "you have to suffer cause you're not part
of us". This sort of attitude shouldn't even be tolerated when it comes
to kids rather than adults.
When it comes to the stress involved with being married to a
Gambian/ African man, I think a lot of it has something to do with the
fact that you are married to the whole family and not just the man.
Sometimes, His extended family interfers with your marriage, giving you
advice and
telling you what and what not to do. Not that this is a bad thing but
that they sometimes tend to overdo it. I know it's hard, because most of us
tend to listen to advice from our families and instead of treating it
just as advice and seeing if it's necessary to act on it in our
particular situation, some people act on it, just as a sign of respect, or
just
to make them feel that even though we're married what they say still
matters. I guess this is where a husband and a wife have to be open with
each other. I think that some times Husbands
should be told about things like these, but there are women who think
they shouldn't bother their husbands with troubles that they ( the wife)
is having with the interferences of their husbands family. This kind of
stress can build up, making one feel angry and frustrated. But I think
that being husband and wife doesn't mean being stuck together all the
time. I think both should be able to make time inorder to do things away
from each other.......no I'n not saying that it's easy, just that it is
possible and should be encouraged. hence I don't think that one needs the
presence of another wife to make this a possibility. If a woman can make
the sacrifice of being with one man for the rest of her life I don't see
why a man cannot do the same!!! I'll stop here and see what everyone has
to say.
Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 19:30:38 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Sorry.
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704281952.A28359-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
sorry guys I just realised that i sent that message twice.....oooooops!!!
Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 1996 22:08:05 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU
Subject: APPEAL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS !!!
Message-ID: <3183C215.6AFF@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
ndeye marie njie, ndeye.marie.njie@postbox.acs.ohio-state.edu wrote:
>
> Team,
> I think that it is a good idea for the committee members to pay their $20
> subscription fee now so that we have money to pay for the IRS registration.
> I'm willing to put in my payment now. BUT because the preliminary funds to
> set up the project was not something we discussed/thought about when we set
> up the committee, I don't feel that every committee member should be
> obligated to pay their subscription now. If you want to pay your
> subscription now, do so because you believe in the success of this project
> and are committed to it, but don't do it because you feel obligated to (i.e
> everyone is doing it so you feel you have to too).
> I feel I have to say this since we had never discussed this aspect of the
> project before.
>
> On the same note, I am not comfortable with the idea of accepting payments
> from the rest of Gambia-l until we can give them what they are paying for.
> We need to be very cautious about accepting payment for something that we
> cannot provide yet!!! This is my opinion however if the majority of the
> committee think/feel differently, please voice it, so we can make some sort
> of decision.
>
> Ndey, when you do fine the time, please address Momodou Jagana's question
> about the bank account, and if it's feasible for us to send the payment, and
> when and where.
>
> Thanks again for your cooperation.
>
> N'Deye Marie
>
> -----------------------------------
> N'Deye Marie N'Jie
> Graduate Research Associate
> The Ohio State University
> 260 Agricultural Engineering Bldg
> 590 Woody Hayes Drive
> Columbus, OH 43210
>
> Fax: (614)292-9448
> Phone: (614) 688-3445 (W)
> E-mail: njie.1@osu.edu
HELLO NDEY!!
FIRST OF ALL,I NEED EITHER YOUR POSTAL ADDRESS OR THAT
OF NDEY
DRAMMEH, SO THAT I CAN SEND MY TWENTY-DOLLAR DRAFT.AND SECONDLY,EVEN
THOUGH YOUR CONCERNS ARE WELL FOUNDED,WE MUST RECOGNIZE THE HARD FACT
THAT WITHOUT SOME BUCKS IN ITS ACOUNT,THE GAMBIANET WILL BE NOTHING BUT
A MERE TALKING SHOP,SO OBSERVER OR NO OBSERVER, ALL OF US WHO CAN PAY
THE TWENTY BUCKS SHOULD AND MUST PAY NOW,SO THAT IF WE WANT TO DO
SOMETHING ELSE,YOU THE PEOPLE DOWN THERE CAN DO IT QUICKLY WITHOUT
HAVING TO WAIT FOR BITS AND PIECES OF SUBSCRIBTIONS COMING PIECEMEAL
FROM AROUND THE GLOBE.WE MUST NOT ALLOW OURSELVES TO BE LIMITED AND
DEFINED BY THE OBSERVER PROJECT,IF IT FAILS,AND I AM PRAYING THAT THAT
WILL NOT HAPPEN,WE WILL HAVE TO TRY THE POINT AND FOROYAAA.
SO,PLEASE GIVE THE ADDRESS SO THAT THOSE OF US WHO CAN PAY NOW,SEND
THEIR SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THAT ADDRESS.AND PLEASE,BE REST ASSURED THAT WE
HAVE TOTAL CONFIDENCE IN YOU PEOPLE AND WE APPRECIATE ALL THE EFFORTS
YOU ARE MAKING TO MAKE THIS PROJECT A SUCCESS.
REGARDS BASSSS!!
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:02:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: ISP Search
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.95L.970429000115.3920A-100000@terve.cc.columbia.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hi folks,
If you were thinking of helping to search for an ISP, you need not
to anymore as one has already been found by Sankung.
Thanks,
-Abdou.
*******************************************************************************
A.TOURAY
Computer Science
Columbia University
New York, NY 10027
MY URL ON THE WWW= http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~at137
A FINITE IN A LAND OF INFINITY.
SEEKING BUT THE REACHABLE.
I WANDER AND I WONDER.
ALAS, ALL RESPITE IS FINAL.
*******************************************************************************
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:13:29 EDT
From: fjanneh@juno.com (Fatou K Janneh)
To: KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA
Cc: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: APPEAL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS !!!
Message-ID: <19970429.000924.13982.0.FJanneh@juno.com>
Gambia-l:
Amadou and I missed the "bantaba" for a while due to our busy schedules
(not unlike many List members). We are therefore not up-to-date on the
"Observer" subscription issue and don't have the time to read all of the
messages received over the past several weeks.
However, Amadou pledged $50 and we would like to send that to whoever is
responsible for collecting the funds. Please let us know where to send
the money.
Fatou K. Scattred -Janneh
Knoxville, TN
"Learning Without Virtue
Is Like Pearls on a Dunghill"
(forgot the source)
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:26:02 -0400
From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
Message-ID: <3365785A.3EC3@earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
GENEVA (April 25) XINHUA - A large field trial in Gambia has shown
that a conjugate vaccine against the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae
type b (Hib) prevents both pneumonia and meningitis resulting from this
bacterium in young children.
This information was contained in a press release by the World
Health Organization (WHO) today.
In the trial, 42,848 infants were assigned at random to receive
either the Hib polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine (PRP-T)
mixed with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP), or DTP alone
(the control group) at ages two, three and four months. Children in
the study who developed meningitis or pneumonia were investigated to
see if it was due to the Hib bacterium.
By the end of the study, 50 cases, proven by bacterial culture, had
been identified among children in the study. There were 20 cases among
children who had received three doses of vaccine, 19 in the control
group and one in those who had received the PRP-T vaccine, indicating a
vaccine efficacy in fully vaccinated children of 95 percent.
Consequently, the vaccine efficacy for the prevention of Hib pneumonia
was estimated to be 100 percent.
Among children in the study there were 449 episodes of pneumonia
with severe x-ray changes. Those children who had received PRP-T
vaccine had 20 percent less of these episodes, indicating that 20
percent of episodes of severe pneumonia in those children were due to
Hib and were prevented by the vaccine.
"The value of this vaccine in African infants has now been proven.
In Asia there are still doubts about the true burden of Hib disease
and this is currently under investigation," Dr Kim Mulholland, of
WHO's Child Health and Development (CHD) and Vaccine Research and
Development (VRD) programs, who was the principal investigator in the
study.
"The challenge ahead now is to provide this highly effective vaccine
at reasonable cost to the children who need it most, those living in
developing countries," he said. Enditem
25/04/97 15:46 GMT
Copyright 1997
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:27:19 -0400
From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Fwd: Kenya Based Habitat Center target of U.N. Probe
Message-ID: <336578A7.3EDA@earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Kenya Based Habitat Center target of U.N. Probe
By Evelyn Leopold
UNITED NATIONS, April 25 (Reuter) - In a scathing report, the U.N.
inspector-general said the Nairobi-based Centre for Human Settlements
needed a financial and policy overhaul if it expected to survive.
"Allowing the current state of affairs to persist for any length of
time into the future would be reprehensible," said the report, released
on Friday by the U.N. office of Internal Oversight Services led by Karl
Paschke of Germany.
It said that the centre, known as Habitat, had few financial
controls, hired unneeded consultants, assigned staff members to tasks
they did not perform and functioned under a muddled organisational and
policy structure.
"Accordingly, the situation of Habitat is serious and should not be
allowed to continue," the report said. U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan
agreed with the findings in the document, his spokesman, Fred Eckhard,
said.
The centre was created to study ways of improving the quantity and
quality of housing for people in developing countries. Last June it
organised a conference on the common problems of teeming cities
throughout the world.
Paschke noted that the centre had been audited over the past few
years. But he said that "concrete action taken so far is too little and
too late."
One example concerned an official who had been associated with a
consultancy firm frequently awarded important contracts for projects
under his supervision. "A special investigation into the circumstances
leading to this situation is warranted," the report said.
Assistant Secretary-General Wally N'Dow of Gambia took over the
Habitat centre in 1994 in an effort to give it some leadership, but
almost immediately had to delegate his responsibiities to two deputies
so he could organise last June's Conference on Human Settlements in
Istanbul.
But their duties were worded in broad terms "and did not delineate
the boundaries of the respective responsibilities, authorities and
accountability," the report said.
"In the absense of leadership, significant shortcomings developed
in the management of the programmes and resources of the centre, both
human and financial," the report said.
Paschke also criticised personnel policies, the excessive hiring of
consultants, the placing of staff in jobs that did not exist in the
organisation's structure and the exaggeration of duties to justify
classifying a post at a higher level.
He said that decisions relating to personnel and finance appeared
to be made behind closed doors with little accountability.
The Habitat Centre was set up after the first U.N. conference on
human settlements, held in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976. REUTER
Copyright 1997 Reuters Ltd. All rights reserved
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:28:41 -0400
From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Fwd: Mystery Millionaire
Message-ID: <336578F9.6671@earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Who is this African guy and why is he giving away so much money?
By DAVID ROYSE
Associated Press Writer
MIAMI (AP) -- There's no question Foutanga Dit Babani Sissoko is a
generous man.
The West African multimillionaire hired more than 10,000 workers to
rebuild his home village in Mali. He paid for 200 African athletes to go
to the Olympics in Atlanta. He gave $300,000 to a high-school band in
Miami so it could perform in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New
York City.
He even offered $30,000 to a U.S. Customs agent to try to expedite
the shipment of two helicopters to West Africa.
Big mistake.
"I wanted to do good and I stepped on the law. And the law stepped on
me," he said after he was sentenced in March on federal payoff charges.
Sissoko says it was a cultural misunderstanding. Prosecutors say he
wanted to use his money and influence to bypass normal export channels.
Either way, Sissoko pleaded guilty to paying an illegal gratuity. A
judge sentenced him to four months in prison with credit for time
already served, meaning he had to spend an additional 45 days in jail.
The sentence was the lightest Sissoko could get. He was so pleased he
kept on giving -- this time a new $65,000 Mercedes to each of his three
lawyers.
Foutanga Dit Babani Sissoko (pronounced fu-TONG-uh dit bu-BA-ni
sis-SO-ko) has amassed a fortune that his lawyers say is considerably in
excess of $25 million.
What is unclear is how Sissoko came into his riches. The story he
told after his sentencing differed from the one he has told in the past.
And it doesn't jibe with the biography that his lawyers presented the
court.
Sissoko, 51, recently discussed his past with reporters at his
lawyers' 19th-floor offices overlooking Biscayne Bay. Speaking through
an interpreter, many of his answers only raised more questions about how
he started life in a thatch hut in Mali and became an international
philanthropist.
His web of companies and business ventures is complicated and
difficult to trace. He has whole or part interests in hotels and casinos
in Europe and Africa, but there is no single corporation overseeing all
of his ventures.
Sissoko, who owns a condominium in Miami, describes his work in the
oil business as that of a middleman.
"If you want oil, I know where to get it," he says.
His version of events differ from those in the biography written for
his defense by his attorneys. That biography says he got rich when oil
was discovered on land he owned. In the interview he said there's never
been oil on any land he has owned.
His assistants insist that translation -- Sissoko doesn't speak
English -- is to blame for the discrepancies.
Law enforcement officials also had trouble ferreting out the
particulars of Sissoko's past. "It was like trying to pin down smoke,"
said one federal investigator who did not want to be identified.
Sissoko, who never went to school, said he once wandered around China
and India without a job after traveling to Asia on a cargo ship as a
stowaway.
The biography said he traded textiles in India. He said he lived only
by the generosity of a mysterious holy man who took him in.
About 20 years ago, Sissoko, after working as a house servant and
selling soup in a train station, said he was working in a diamond mine
in Liberia.
Five days a week the miners worked for food, blankets and a modest
salary, he said. One day a week they were given dirt, which sometimes
contained small diamonds.
Sissoko said he collected 13 rough diamonds over six months and then
went to Belgium, where he heard the stones would bring millions. He said
he was paid $9 million for the gems.
He said no one asked where he got them. No one questioned the
millions he took to a bank.
"It's something that lots of people were doing. All the diamonds came
from Africa," he said. "Tons and tons of stones."
He also said he sold a diamond he found on the ground while working
as a servant for a Frenchman in Senegal. That one, he claimed, fetched
$4.5 million.
He said he left the money in a European bank account and returned to
Africa with only $40. He said he started looking for work again.
"When a man looks for money, he can't travel with money," Sissoko
said. "When you have money, you are too lazy to look for it."
Banning Eyre, an American musician who lived in Mali and knows
Sissoko, said he has seen him hire musicians for all-night performances
at his house in the capital of Bamako and pay for it with a $12,000 bar
of gold.
"People say he has performed magical deeds for presidents of
countries all over West Africa," Eyre told The Miami Herald. "They say
he has magical powers."
One Western source in Liberia told the Herald that it is "extremely
doubtful" Sissoko made his fortune selling diamonds. Neither he nor
other sources had heard of the millionaire, though.
Sissoko was seen recently at a downtown Miami hotel with Sarkis
Soghanalian, who went to federal prison for trying to sell 103 U.S.
combat helicopters to Iraq in 1983. Sissoko was not aware of the arms
merchant's background and has had no business dealing with him, an aide
to Sissoko said.
Just before his arrest, Sissoko planned to go to a White House dinner
where a fund-raiser planned to solicit a contribution to the Democratic
National Committee, already under fire for taking contributions from
foreigners in exchange for meetings with high-level officials.
The fund-raiser, John Catsimatidis, told The New York Times that
Sissoko never made a contribution.
At Sissoko's sentencing, high-powered attorneys, including former
U.S. Sen. Birch Bayh of Indiana, and top diplomats from several African
nations rushed to his defense when he was accused of paying the customs
agent to help expedite the delivery of the choppers.
Sissoko said one was intended as an air ambulance for poor villages
in Gambia. The other, he said, was meant for his start-up airline, Air
Dabia.
Sissoko said he thought there was no other way to get the helicopters
out of the United States. He said he was told by the customs agent that
he needed a special federal license to get the choppers out. But he was
told that it would cost $30,000.
"They asked for something -- and we were afraid to refuse," he said.
John Mayer, a Dutch businessman who is a partner with Sissoko in a
hotel development in Spain, said the West African collided with a legal
system and a way of doing business that he didn't understand.
"He is suddenly now being faced with the facts of life as he didn't
know them," Mayer said.
After Sissoko's release from prison, he will serve four more months
under house arrest in Miami before being deported.
Supporters say such a good man must have run afoul of the law
inadvertently. And his benefactors don't question him.
"I'm just thinking about what he's doing for our kids. He's a hero in
the eyes of Central High," says Central High School assistant principal
Rodney Reed, whose school band is headed to New York for the
Thanksgiving parade, thanks to Sissoko.
"He'll always be a hero in our eyes. Even after he goes home."
Copyright 1997 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:29:29 -0400
From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Fwd: Francophone West Africa seek joint peace force
Message-ID: <33657929.CC5@earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Francophone West Africa seek joint peace force
NIAMEY, Niger (Reuter) - Armed forces chiefs of staff of seven
French-speaking states in West Africa are calling for creation of a
joint force to prevent or end conflict and help with humanitarian
operations -- within or beyond the region.
The proposal, made at the end of a three-day meeting in Niger's
capital Niamey Saturday, will be put to their heads of state to promote
peace in a region which has experienced the destabilizing effects of
civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone.
The meeting grouped members of the sub-regional non-aggression and
defense cooperation pact ANAD -- Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Mali,
Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
"The armed forces chief of staff, convinced of the opportunity and
the need for the FPA (ANAD Peacekeeping Force), reaffirm their
determination to work under the authority of their heads of state for
the success of what is an historic initiative for the African
continent," they said in a statement.
The meeting followed joint manoeuvres earlier this year between
several ANAD members and former colonial power France aimed at handling
such volatile situations.
Niger's armed forces chief of staff, Amadou Moussa Gros, said that
the command of the standing force could be given to a civilian or
military person depending on the circumstances of its deployment.
"It will be a permanent force of specialist units on standby in
their countries of origin and which would assemble on demand whether for
crises in ANAD's zone of influence or outside member countries," he told
a news conference.
The specialized units would be about battalion size -- 400 to 700
soldiers by country. Gros said the force and its operations would be
funded by contributions from member states, from friendly nations and
international institutions.
The armed forces chiefs of staff of Benin, Guinea, English-speaking
Gambia and Portuguese-speaking Guinea Bissau, which is switching to the
CFA franc currency of its Francophone neighbors, attended the meeting as
observers.
West African states currently contribute to the Nigerian-led ECOMOG
force, which is helping keep the peace in Liberia and ensure security
ahead of national elections currently scheduled for May 30.
ECOMOG was set up by the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS), which groups both English-speaking and French-speaking nations
in the region.
ANAD was set up in 1977 to promote peace in the region. REUTER
Copyright 1997 Reuters Ltd. All rights reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:30:30 -0400
From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Fwd: HEALTH: PNEUMONIA VACCINE SUCCESSFULLY TESTED IN GAMBIA
Message-ID: <33657966.4471@earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
HEALTH: PNEUMONIA VACCINE SUCCESSFULLY TESTED IN GAMBIA
GENEVA, (Apr. 25) IPS - A vaccine trial in Gambia has proven the
pneumonia and meningitis caused by the "Haemophilus influenzae" type b
(Hib) bacteria in infants can be prevented even in the developing
countries.
"The value of this vaccine in African infants has now been proven,"
said Kim Mulholland, member of the World Health Organization (WHO)
Child Health and Development (CHD) and Vaccine Research and Development
(VRD) programmes.
The Hib vaccine had been administered to small children in the
industrialized countries over recent years with the result that Hib
meningitis has practically disappeared from these regions.
Up until now, only a small number of developing countries had
incorporated the joint vaccine against Hib in its vaccination
programmes, due to its high cost and doubts about it being useful in
this setting.
A WHO report, which told of the success of the wide ranging tests
carried out in the Gambian terrain, explained that Hib infection is
more common in the developing countries where it has been studied than
in the industrialized countries.
The illness tends to appear amongst the youngest children and
commonly results in pneumonia type symptoms.
The experiment in Gambia was planned to determine the efficiency of
the vaccine in a developing country where the epidemiology is different
to the developed countries.
Another aim of the experiment was to see exactly what level of
protection against pneumonia the vaccine gave to the Gambian infants.
The study was based on 42,848 children chosen at random to receive
the Hib polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) mixed
with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine (DTP). In
the control group, babies of two, three and four months were given DTP
alone.
All the children in the study group who contracted meningitis or
pneumonia were tested to see if the Hib bacteria was the cause.
At the end of the study, the bacteria cultures indicated that 50
cases of had been identified amongst the children examined.
There were 20 cases amongst children who had received three doses of
the vaccine, 19 cases in the control group and only one case amongst
those who had received the PRP-T vaccine, which shows a 95 percent
effectiveness amongst children who received the full course of vaccine.
The WHO acknowledged the difficulties in proving that pneumonia has
been provoked by Hib as bacteria cultures need to be grown from blood
or lung tissue taken from the children.
Of the 17 cases identified, seven were thought to have received only
a partial vaccination course, whereby they were excluded from the
primary analysis. The other 10 cases formed part of the control group.
Consequently, said the WHO, the efficiency of the vaccine for the
prevention of Hib-related pneumonia could be placed at nearly 100
percent.
Mulholland said "the true burden of the Hib infections in Asia" is
still unknown, although research is being carried out to determine
exactly how prevalent this is.
"The challenge ahead now is to provide this highly effective vaccine
at reasonable cost to the children who need it most, those living in
developing countries," said the researcher.
The Gambia experiment was directed by the United Kingdom Medical
Research Council. The resources were provided by the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID), the WHO and the United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the vaccines by the Pasteur
Merieux laboratory.
Copyright 1997
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 23:02:18 +0800 (SGT)
From: Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my>
To: gambia-l <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: World Cup Africa Zone Results (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970428230212.11203A-100000@talabah.iiu.my>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 10:11:13 EST
From: Winston Kawaley <winston_kawaley@SMTPLINK.SRA.COM>
To: LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
Subject: World Cup Africa Zone Results
NAIROBI, April 28 (Reuter) - Collated results of African
zone World Cup soccer qualifiers played over the weekend:
Group 1
In Nairobi: Kenya 1 Guinea 0 (halftime 1-0)
Scorer: Musa Otieno 3 pen
Attendance: 55,000
In Ouagadougou: Burkina Faso 1 Nigeria 2 (0-1)
Scorers:
Burkina Faso- Mamadou Zongo 76
Nigeria - Mangaoule Diabate 40 own goal, Emmanuel Amunike 58
Attendance: 20,000
Standings P W D L F A Pts
Nigeria 4 3 1 0 7 3 10
Kenya 4 2 1 1 7 7 7
Guinea 4 2 0 2 6 4 6
Burkina Faso 4 0 0 4 4 10 0
Next matches: June 7 - Nigeria v Kenya, June 8 - Guinea v
Burkina Faso
Group 2
In Tunis: Tunisia 2 Liberia 0 (0-0)
Scorers: Adel Sellimi 60 pen, Khaled Badra 78
Attendance: 38,000
In Windhoek: Namibia 2 Egypt 3 (0-0)
Scorers:
Namibia - China Utoni 61, Mohamed Ouseb 87 pen
Egypt - Hadi Kassaba 76 pen, Hussein Hassan 80
Al Hadi 89
Standings
Tunisia 4 4 0 0 6 1 12
Egypt 4 2 0 2 10 5 6
Liberia 4 1 1 2 1 3 4
Namibia 4 0 1 3 4 12 1
Next matches: June 8 - Liberia v Namibia, Egypt v Tunisia
Group 3
In Lusaka: Zambia 3 Congo 0 (1-0)
Scorers: Dennis Lota 40, Johnston Bwalya 88, Mwape Miti 89
In Lome, Togo: Zaire 1 South Africa 2 (1-1)
Scorers:
Zaire - Zico Tumba 25
South Africa - Doctor Khumalo 21, Phil Masinga 71
Attendance: 6,000
Standings
Congo 4 2 1 1 4 4 7
South Africa 4 2 1 1 3 3 7
Zambia 4 1 2 1 5 3 5
Zaire 4 0 2 2 4 6 2
Next matches: June 8 - Congo v Zaire, South Africa v Zambia
Group 4
In Harare: Zimbabwe 0 Angola 0
Attendance: 40,000
In Douala: Cameroon 2 Togo 0 (0-0)
Scorers: Bernard Tchoutang 85, Patrick Mboma 88
Attendance: 30,000
Standings
Cameroon 4 3 1 0 7 2 10
Angola 4 2 2 0 5 2 8
Zimbabwe 4 1 1 2 4 3 4
Togo 4 0 0 4 3 12 0
Next matches: June 8 - Angola v Cameroon, Togo v Zimbabwe
Group 5
In Accra: Ghana 3 Gabon 0 (1-0)
Scorers: Felix Aboagye 42, Mohamed Gargo 60, 63 pen
Attendance: 15,000
In Freetown: Sierra Leone 0 Morocco 1 (0-1)
Standings
Morocco 3 2 1 0 7 2 7
Ghana 4 1 3 0 7 4 6
Sierra Leone 4 1 1 2 2 6 4
Gabon 3 0 1 2 1 5 1
Next matches: June 8 - Gabon v Sierra Leone, Morocco v Ghana
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 10:40:48 +0000
From: "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: legal systems and the principles of morality and justice
Message-ID: <199704290938.KAA10792@netmail.city.ac.uk>
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From: "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk>
To: gambia-l@u.wasghinton.com.edu
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 20:17:52 +0000
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Subject: legal systems and the ideas of justice and morality
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.23)
The question is , " Is there any necessary relationship between the
legal system and the ideas of justice and morality ?"
Appeals to morality are a familiar part of argument . To say that
OMAR'S action is immoral maybe just an expression of general
disapproval. But references to moral rights and obligations are more
specific . When we refer to moral the obligation not to commit
adultery, we are not refering to our own personal viewbut rather to
the view generally supported by our society. This obligation is
widely regarded as an important principle of behaviourwithout which
social relationships would be less agreeable or secure . It is
enforced by social pressures such as critism of of the culprit and
sympathy for the victim . It is reinforced by religious teaching and
by the media or " RADIO KANG KANG " if you like. The morality of our
society consists of principles of behaviour like this.
Justice as I understand it , is an aspect of morality . It is concerned
with how classes of individuals are treated be it Njago, Jola , Fular
or Jahanka etc. We would not regard a man who committed adultery as
acting in an unjust way but we would regard it as unjust if his
conduct was excused simply because he was famous eg Youssou N'dour,
whilst similar conduct by a lesser mortal eg leader of the" Nyankatang
Band ", resulted in censure . Justice demands that like cases be
treated alike . Similarly , we might regard it as unjust if the
adulterous husband was allowed to leave his wife and children without
any financial support ( a rarety in the Gambia ) . Justice demands
that the victim be compensated .
In the days of our forefathers , the customs which regulate its life
have to based on the morality of the group . Only in that way will
they be followed and support . But what about a society like the one
we live in today ( Jamano'ye teye or bi jamano ) governed by a legal
system ? Does the legal system have to reflect the morality of the
society ? Does it have to just ? This is where my question arises as
to whether there is any necessary relationship between the legal
system and the ideas of justice or morality . In other words , a
legal system can function effectively though it is neither just nor
moral . The tyrannical system that operated in Germany during the
latter years of the notorious Nazi regime proves this point. It
directly discriminates against individuals on racial grounds.
Although we would argue that no civilised siciety should draw racial
distinction, it could be countered that if the morality of a society
was such that racial distinctions were felt to be RELEVANT , then it
was entitled todiscriminate and still claim it was treating like
cases alike . The concept of morality amd justice are easily
manipulated . But even so , the Nazi legal system as I understand it,
sanctioned decisions which contracted any notion of general morality
or justice . individuals were condemned on the whim of party
officials . Individuals took to settling their private grudges
against others by reporting them to officials for making anti-party
remarks ( magetti yor yor ) , with the result that they would be
tried and often executed . After the war , some of the victims who
survived , brought the informers before the new German Court. The
grudge informers claimed that their action was lawful under the Nazi
legal system. The new Courts dismissed the defence on the ground that
the Nazi laws were contrary to the sense of justice of all decent
human being . To call the Nazi system legal and to call its rules
laws was a false description of what they are . They were instruments
of an arbitrary and tyrannical regime .
But is it sensible or even helpful to refuse to treat such system or
its rules as being legal ? It can be argued that the question of what
is law must be separated from the question of whether it was moral or
just .
So in view of the above findings, one can say that the fact that a
society is governed by rules does not mean that we should describe it
as having a legal system . Hence to avoid uncertainty the society
will need to develop rules which will enable its members or atleast
its officials , to recognise the rules of conduct that govern the
society eg e rule demanding that the provisions of a code are to
recognised . In our society there so many violations of the rules of
conduct eg the thief is ruthlessly and mercilessly beaten to
disability or sometimes to death . Every alleged offender is innocent until
proven guilty but is this caveat observed in our society ? My answer to
that is a blatant NO ! Where then is Morality , Legality , and
Justice in our society I'm asking you ?!!
M'BAI OMAR F.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 97 04:30:32 PDT
From: MAKE THAT VISION A REALITY <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edU
Subject: SYSTEM TEST
Message-ID: <9704291130.utk8722@RR5.intel.com>
Hi all:
This is just a TEST !
I have had problems sending mails to the list letter and one of the list
managers had been putting great effort in helping me resolve this.
Thanks Momodou Camara for all your efforts. I hope it works well now.
Later,
Pa-Abdou Barrow
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 14:20:10 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <3184A5EA.277F@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
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Ousman G. wrote:
>
> > I think we agree that polygamy is often interpreted and practiced in
> > a way it was not meant to be, often (if not ususally) at the cost of
> > women's and childrens emotions, feeding, clothing and education,
> > using religious justifications ... What do you think about the
> > advantages and disadvantages of polygamy? What do women think? In
> > the previous discussion somebody stated that many Gambian women
> > would prefer to take a married man, if they had to choose between a
> > married and a single man. Do you agree? I would particularly like to
> > know the advantages for the wifes - as those for men are quite
> > obvious. How could an ideal polygamist relationship look like? What
> > are the reasons for breaking with the tradition, which became,
> > according to Dawda Singateh a tendency in the Gambia?
>
> If there is any advantage to polygamy, then it is neglible compared
> to its ill effects. Having been raised in a polygamous family most of
> my life, I know at first hand how this affect the children and the emotional
> effect on the wife who falls out of favor with the huusban. I
> personally find it hard to believe that nowadays there is any
> advantage to polygamy except for sexual fullfilment. The children's
> welfare should be primary concern for adults before venturing into
> polygamy. I think there should some legislature in place limiting
> polygamy to only two wives. Having three, four, etc, is just plain
> excessive and absurd. Polygamy may have had some merits
> generations ago, but not in today's lifestyle.
>
> Thanks.
>
> Ousman
OUSMAN!!
FOR THE SAKE OF ARGUMENT,LET US SAY THAT YOUR PARENTS HAD ONLY TWO
SONS.YOU AND ANOTHER GUY.AND LET US SAY FURTHER THAT THIS OTHER GUY WAS
YOUR ELDER BROTHER,WHO PREMATURELY DIED AND WAS SURVIVED BY A WIFE AND
FOUR CHILDREN.AND AGAIN,LET US SAY THAT AROUND THE TIME OF YOUR
BROTHER'S DEATH YOU HAD ALREADY GOT TWO WIVES,BUT BOTH YOUR MOTHER AND
FATHER BEGGED YOU TO MARRY YOUR BROTHER'S WIDOW, SO AS ENSURE CONTINUITY
FOR THE ENVIROMENT IN WHICH YOUR BROTHER'S CHILDREN WOULD BE BROUGHT UP
AND ALSO TO PREVENT ANY TRAUMATIC DISRUPTION IN THE LIFESTYLE OF YOUR
SISTER IN-LAW.SO,NOW PLEASE, TELL US WHETHER YOU WOULD STICK TO YOUR
PRINCIPLE OR YOU WOULD BE COMPASSIONATE ENOUGH TO ACCEPT YOUR PARENTS
REQUEST.
REGARDS BASSSS!!!-
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 08:47:35 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: msjaiteh@mtu.edu (Malanding S. Jaiteh)
Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
Message-ID: <199704291247.IAA00601@aspen>
Content-Type: text
Hi folks,
Perhaps this is a good time to ask some questions about health
matters. It was about 1990 when I came across the use of mosquito nets
impregnated in some insecticide to repell mosquitoes. I did not have
the opportunity to talk to any health expert then but do anyone know
the type of insecticide used? I must say the results were really
impressive. For even ant don't make it if they come in contact with
the net. also is the insecticide still being used?
Malanding Jaiteh
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 11:22:33 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <970429112214_1953362209@emout13.mail.aol.com>
Ancha,
You have raised some points that are all very true. However, in terms of the
wife getting a break form the husband, l was referring to just getting a
break from a man being around i.e not having to get their meal and attend to
them , and just not having to worry about consulting someone about what you
do or where you go etc.One would like to find a spouse that would do these
basic things for themselves and let you control your own time but reality
shows us that even the most modern husband still demands attention much like
children do( oops!!) and we all know how our men back home can be in terms of
the demands they put on their wives. From this standpoint, a second wife
could provide a well needed break, but of course the situation has to be
ideal i.e no pettiness etc. which l think one does not find very often in our
society.I would only accept polygamy on these terms but l'm afraid it is
wishing for the impossible. However, if l were to find it, l would have no
problem with it because you see, l want the best of both worlds. l am vey
independent and do not like to be controlled or told what to do , and this
way, one can have a husband only a few days a month :-).
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 17:40:21 +0200
From: Andrea Klumpp <klumpp@kar.dec.com>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <33661665.33B3@kar.dec.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
> Andrea,
> Interesting questions...I love the Freudian slip typo: " Martial" instead
> of "marital" duties :) best, Ylva PS Will forward the NOW speech if
> someone e-mails it to me....
>
No, no, this was not Freud, only lack of english !! I was not even aware
of these two words ..haha ... but seems like they can easily be mixed up
....
JABOU AND THE OTHERS, THANKS A LOT FOR SHARING YOUR VIEWS ON THIS
"PRIVATE" ISSUE
Jabou wrote:
I know that now, if l had to share a husband, l would not
> mind that at all provided that there is a certain level of maturity exercised
> by all involved.
AGREED, THIS APPLIES TO MOMOGAMIST AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS TOO
I would not want to have to deal with unecessary hassles. I
> think the main ingredient here would be self confidence and a good sense of
> what you want to accomplish in life.
WHICH CAN BE ACHIEVED BY EDUCATION AND BY HAVING/KNOWING THE "MARKETABLE
SKILLS", HOW ANCHA SAID, OF ONESELF, I THINK.
If every body in the relationship . If
> the wives cooperate, l think they can do much to make sure that all are
> treated fairly.
>
AND IF THEY ARE STRONG ENOUGH NOT TO FALL INTO THE TRAP OF "DIVIDING AND
CONQUERING" (A MALE INVENTION, I SUPPOSE)
> Jabou.
Ancha wrote:
> I think a major problem is to educate women at home,.......esp. the
> fact that they do
> not have to depend on a man to take care of them,....they can do it by
> themselves.
AGREED, AND THEY ARE THUS FREE TO CHOOSE THE KIND OF RELATIONSHIP THEY
WANT
Because I do think that some women become 2nd, 3rd etc wife
> because thay want to be taken cared of........not having any "marketable"
> skills that will enable them to care of themselves or do things for
> themselves.
YES, THIS SOUNDS VERY REASONABLE TO ME CONCERNING THE NEED TO GET
MARRIED IN GENERAL BUT DOES NOT EXPLAIN WHY MANY WOMEN IN THE GAMBIA
PREFER TO MARRY AN ALREADY MARRIED GUY INSTEAD OF A SINGLE ONE (IF THE
STATEMENT IS REPRESENTATIVE AT ALL)
> If one has to look at it from the womens point of view that Andrea and
> Jabou pointed out ie African husbands are harder to deal with, needing
> time for yourself after all the stress etc, then I can see how it can be
> advantageous.
I NEITHER WROTE NOR MEANT THAT AFRICAN HUSBANDS ARE HARDER TO DEAL WITH
THAN OTHERS AND AS I UNDERSTOOD, JABOU EMPHASISED *TRADITIONAL* AFRICAN
MEN ..
there are women who think they shouldn't bother their husbands with
troubles
> that they ( the wife)
> is having with the interferences of their husbands family. This kind of
> stress can build up, making one feel angry and frustrated.
YES, THIS IS ANOTHER DIFFICULT ISSUE BUT NOT A SPECIFIC
POLYGAMY-PROBLEM, AS I SEE IT. TO THE CONTRARY: I HEARD THAT THE
HUSBAND'S FAMILY IS OFTEN URGING THE GUY TO MARRY
A SECOND WOMAN, PARTICULARLY IF THEY STAY WITHOUT CHILDREN FOR SOME TIME
OR IF FAMILYMEMBERS DO NOT AGREE WITH THE FIRST AND ONLY ONE, IN ORDER
TO PUT PRESSURE ON HER FOR WHATEVER REASON. IS THAT TRUE?
But I think
> that being husband and wife doesn't mean being stuck together all the
> time. I think both should be able to make time inorder to do things away
> from each other.......no I'n not saying that it's easy, just that it is
> possible and should be encouraged. hence I don't think that one needs the
> presence of another wife to make this a possibility.
TOTALLY AGREED. AND I WOULD EVEN GO FURTHER TO SAY THAT IT IS NOT ONLY
POSSIBLE AND
SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED BUT ESSENTIAL FOR A RELATIONSHIP, WHICH CAN EASILY
GET STUCK AND
BORING, IF BOTH OR ONE OF THE PARTNERS DO NOT HAVE "OUTSIDE" IMPULSES
THEY CAN SHARE ENRICHING EACH OTHER ...
If a woman can make
> the sacrifice of being with one man for the rest of her life I don't see
> why a man cannot do the same!!!
> Ancha.
HMM... THIS CAN EASILY BE TURNED AROUND ... BUT THIS IS ANOTHER STORY
.... ;-))
Sorry for the length of this mail! I made it as short as possible.
THANKS again. I'm happy to be on this list!
Andrea
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 11:38:15 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Fwd: Mystery Millionaire
Message-ID: <970429113732_-1600984917@emout14.mail.aol.com>
Lat,
Thanks for the info. Until now, l and many people in Gambia never even heard
these stories.I talk to my sister in Gambia often and she says people just
speculate about him but know nothing else. She says there were romours that
he got his wealth from drug trafficking. This romour was rife especially
after the incident in which Interpol said they had intercepted a cargo of
drugs addressed to the ministry or dep't of Agric. in Gambia.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 12:00:23 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <970429120006_-1768582978@emout06.mail.aol.com>
Andrea,
It is true that the husband's family does encourage him to marry s second
wife if there are no children after years of marriage as well as if for some
reason they do not like the wife.However, l think in most cases , there is no
encouragement necessary. As for some women choosing to marry already
married men, l think some of them are motivated by the challenge, the sense
of controversy, they are driven to show that they can attract and "take ones
husband away" from them if you will. These women are the very ones that bring
grief and disharmony to polygamous relationships.They were drawn to the
relationship for this purpose to begin with.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 10:50:43 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <970429105042_-1668081783@emout15.mail.aol.com>
Ousman,
l agree that an excess number of wives (3-4) is unreasonable both financially
and otherwise but l still think that one can have two wives provided that all
conditions are ideal as l mentioned yesterday. As to whether this ideal
situation can be achieved or not is another matter. Also, l think that how we
view the issue is also influenced by our own personal experiences and
clearly, not all of us have had the same experiences vis a vis polygamy in
our family situations.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 11:23:08 -0500 (EST)
From: Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <812D2F3121@scholar.wabash.edu>
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
>OUSMAN!!
>
> FOR THE SAKE OF ARGUMENT,LET US SAY THAT YOUR PARENTS HAD ONLY TWO
>SONS.YOU AND ANOTHER GUY.AND LET US SAY FURTHER THAT THIS OTHER GUY
>WAS YOUR ELDER BROTHER,WHO PREMATURELY DIED AND WAS SURVIVED BY A WIFE
>AND FOUR CHILDREN.AND AGAIN,LET US SAY THAT AROUND THE TIME OF YOUR
>BROTHER'S DEATH YOU HAD ALREADY GOT TWO WIVES,BUT BOTH YOUR MOTHER AND
>FATHER BEGGED YOU TO MARRY YOUR BROTHER'S WIDOW, SO AS ENSURE
>CONTINUITY FOR THE ENVIROMENT IN WHICH YOUR BROTHER'S CHILDREN WOULD
>BE BROUGHT UP AND ALSO TO PREVENT ANY TRAUMATIC DISRUPTION IN THE
>LIFESTYLE OF YOUR SISTER IN-LAW.SO,NOW PLEASE, TELL US WHETHER YOU
>WOULD STICK TO YOUR PRINCIPLE OR YOU WOULD BE COMPASSIONATE ENOUGH TO
>ACCEPT YOUR PARENTS REQUEST.
>
>REGARDS BASSSS!!!-
Bass,
I don't think this issue has anything to do with compassion. If I were
in that hypothetical situation, I would still stick to my principle.
I think the wife and the children would have a much better life with
a man who equally loves them and give them the attention they
deserve. Let face this Bass, you cannot give the necessary attentions
to the children they need if you have lots of them. I think when
going in to such kinds of marriage, one should also go along with
some common sense. I might have good intentions in marrying my
brother's widow, but that action won't necessarily be the best for
both of us. What difference does it make if a widow were to remarry to
another man in a different family as long as he cares for her and
her children?
Ousman
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 10:18:59 -0700 (PDT)
From: Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Unbearable Whiteness (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.A41.3.95b.970429101837.29376C-100000@dante20.u.washington.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
now I've heard it all......
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 08:52:01 -0700 (PDT)
From: Jeffrey Olson <olson@u.washington.edu>
To: Anthropology Department <anthro@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Unbearable Whiteness
Wall Street Journal, April 24, 1997, pp. A1, A12.
School of Thought: The Unbearable Whiteness of Being
A Number of College Scholars Race to Caucasian Studies;
Some Think It Outrageous
By Quentin Hardy
Berkeley, Calif. - Matt Wray spends his work time looking
for the heart of whiteness. He studies Spam diets, chainsaw
art and gun shows, facets of a white underclass subculture
he calls "the most visible form of whiteness."
Mr. Wray is a member of the emerging academic discipline of
"whiteness studies." His niche is specializing in the
doings of poor whites. He says he used to be one himself.
Other whiteness scholars plumb the whiteness of wealthy
Texas dynasties, racial feelings of white feminists, the
whiteness of shopping and the virtually white world of the
Internet. "Where I live, shopping malls are white spaces,"
says David Rodediger, a history professor at the University
of Minnesota in St. Paul, and another prominent whiteness
scholar. So, probably, is cyberspace. "When people converse
there, they expect the other person to be white," he says.
The White Way
In the multicultural wave that has washed over American
universities, perhaps "whiteness studies" was inevitable.
A branch of ethnic studies, it may sound like a Caucasian
cartoon of the identity efforts by African-American,
Hispanic, Asian-American and other groups. It is, in fact.
anything but.
Some whiteness scholars say that, by examining white
culture, they hope to explode what they perceive as its
dominance. Others, detecting white-bashing in that
approach, are undertaking a less political look, believing
it is legitimate to examine Caucasian ethnicity the way
multiculturalists have long looked at other groups. Why
stereotype whites when, for example, California's whites
can trace their origins to 27 European countries?
Still others, like Jeff Hitchcock, a Roselle, N.J.
diversity consultant, take a middle approach. Many whites
think of themselves as "color blind," a tendency that
causes them to underestimate the problems and grievances of
people of color, he says. Thus, Mr. Hitchcock launched the
Center for the Study of White American Culture, whose
mission is to allow whit and nonwhites to study whiteness
in a nonconfrontational way.
The center has its own Web site and sells books aimed at
white readers, with titles like, "A Race Is a Nice Thing to
Have."
"Community-building has to be multiracial," Mr. Hitchcock
says.
Of Whites and Wrongs
Maybe so, but the hundreds of whiteness academics and
observers who gathered at the University of California here
recently for the first national scholarly meeting on
whiteness were a pretty fractious lot; it is clear that few
take whiteness lightly.
There was Jessica Drew, a doctoral candidate at the
California School of Professional Psychology in Los
Angeles.. She has designed a semester-long course, which she
has pitched to universities, on white racial identity,
which includes an "action plan" to fight what she terms
"white privilege." That said, Ms. Drew, herself white, did
allow that whites do possess some positive values, such as
"individualism, punctuality and a work ethic" - traits, she
hastens to add, that other groups have. Whites also have
their negative leanings, in her view - they are too
competitive and hierarchical.
Mab Segrest, a white Durham, N.C., activist with the
Urban-Rural Mission of the National Council of Churches,
and Noel Ignatiev, a white associate professor at Harvard
University, suggested whites were responsible for many of
the world's social problems. Both belong to a group called
the "New Abolitionists."
Mr. Ignatiev, whose antiwhite paper was presented by a
colleague, has advocated that citizens follow police around
with video cameras in hopes of filming another Rodney King
incident, and thus provoking outrage against whites.
Ms. Segrest, in her presentation, noted the Hawaiian word
for a white person is "haole" - interpreted by most to mean
"foreigner" but which some locals define as "without soul."
This provoked one dark moment during the conference when a
heckler stood up, accused her of advocating "Eurocide" and
walked out.
The Simba Syndrome
Other whiteness buffs examine slightly more mainstream
themes. Birgit Rasmussen, a Danish graduate student in
Berkeley's Ethnic Studies department, has looked at what
she thinks are racial stereotypes in American movies, from
"Birth of a Nation" to "The Lion King."
"The Lion King"?
"The lions are beautiful, and are meant to rule," she says.
"The hyenas are ugly and untrustworthy and trying to take
over.... Americans can't talk about race, and they can't
stop talking about race, even in 'The Lion King,' " she
says.
Mr. Wray, also a Berkeley Ethnic Studies doctoral candidate
who helped organize the conference, has looked at chainsaw
sculptures, which he believes exemplify the desperate
attempt of "white loggers trying to survive in an age of
tourism." His scholarly examination of gun shows, he says,
indicate that they amount to white family outings "with a
nostalgia for the American frontier."
Mr. Wray, who grew up poor in New Hampshire, bristles at
critics who suggest that such work borders on parody. "They
said that about studying the effects of television and
about Madonna studies, too," he says. "It's past its prime
now, but a lot of good work was done on the significance of
Madonna."
The Color of Bias?
Many, however, think the entire genre of whiteness studies
is an academic black hole. Some worry that it gives
unintended credence to the views of white supremacists who
have long advocated their own version of white studies.
Cultural conservatives see the whiteness-studies trend as
a kind of end-run by the advocates of political
correctness. "It's a ploy to reinforce the ethnic studies
idea of white oppressors and black victimization," says
Shelby Steele, a research fellow at Stanford University's
conservative Hoover Institution. "Race as a central guiding
truth doesn't help us, it further divides us." Mr. Steele,
who is black, adds, "I bet you see a few black people at
gun shows."
Even some liberals don't like it. "It's an offshoot of
multiculturalism, and multiculturalism as a philosophy is
incoherent," says Stanley Fish, a white Duke University
professor of English and law, best known for asserting the
cultural relativism of most knowledge. "If whiteness
scholars think they're going to do away with all norms,
they'll never do it."
The whiteness crowd, however, seems undaunted. Cameron
McCarthy, an associate professor in communications at the
University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, is deep into
his whiteness-studies specialty - "suburban resentment."
Mr. McCarthy"s theory is that the suburbs "project on the
inner-city its own wish fulfillment as a place of moral
degeneracy." Coming soon: an essay called "Danger in the
Safety Zone," or "Notes on race, resentment and the
discourse of crime, violence and suburban security."
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 13:35:09 -0400
From: Ceesay Soffie <Ceesay_Soffie@ems.prc.com>
To: "'gambia-l@u.washington.edu'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <c=US%a=_%p=PRC%l=CRY1-970429173509Z-456@mcl3.prc.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
>These women are the very ones that bring grief and disharmony to polygamous
>relationships.They were drawn to the relationship for this purpose to begin
>with.
The men encourage the disharmony as well. And Jabou, I believe these
are the women who need the most help in building their sense of self.
Anyone who gets a high from disrupting the life of another, whose
situation you may very well find yourself in one day, has a very low
self esteem. Education is key and I maintain that it does not have to
take place in formal setting.
Pitting sister against sister, or brother, or country is an art form,
practiced by many a people from the colonizers (I remember Samori's war
with the French) to some of our brothers who encourage the behaviour and
our sisters who blind themselves to what's happening.
This bantaba is a wonderful medium and I wish many more sisters and
brothers had access to the discussions we have here.
Thanks - Soffie
>
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 19:13:24 -0400
From: ANNIE BITTAYE <AB063147@gwmail.kysu.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: New member -Reply
Message-ID: <s36648a0.020@gwmail.kysu.edu>
Hello,
Can you please add my friend to the listings of the
Gambia-L. Her name is Sukai Gaye and this is her address:
sg125909@gwmail.kysu.edu
Thanks,
Annie.
------------------------------
|
|
|
Momodou
Denmark
11513 Posts |
Posted - 19 Jun 2021 : 16:19:58
|
Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 21:28:28 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <31850A4C.6EBE@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Ousman Gajigo wrote:
>
> >OUSMAN!!
> >
> > FOR THE SAKE OF ARGUMENT,LET US SAY THAT YOUR PARENTS HAD ONLY TWO
> >SONS.YOU AND ANOTHER GUY.AND LET US SAY FURTHER THAT THIS OTHER GUY
> >WAS YOUR ELDER BROTHER,WHO PREMATURELY DIED AND WAS SURVIVED BY A WIFE
> >AND FOUR CHILDREN.AND AGAIN,LET US SAY THAT AROUND THE TIME OF YOUR
> >BROTHER'S DEATH YOU HAD ALREADY GOT TWO WIVES,BUT BOTH YOUR MOTHER AND
> >FATHER BEGGED YOU TO MARRY YOUR BROTHER'S WIDOW, SO AS ENSURE
> >CONTINUITY FOR THE ENVIROMENT IN WHICH YOUR BROTHER'S CHILDREN WOULD
> >BE BROUGHT UP AND ALSO TO PREVENT ANY TRAUMATIC DISRUPTION IN THE
> >LIFESTYLE OF YOUR SISTER IN-LAW.SO,NOW PLEASE, TELL US WHETHER YOU
> >WOULD STICK TO YOUR PRINCIPLE OR YOU WOULD BE COMPASSIONATE ENOUGH TO
> >ACCEPT YOUR PARENTS REQUEST.
> >
> >REGARDS BASSSS!!!-
>
> Bass,
>
> I don't think this issue has anything to do with compassion. If I were
> in that hypothetical situation, I would still stick to my principle.
> I think the wife and the children would have a much better life with
> a man who equally loves them and give them the attention they
> deserve. Let face this Bass, you cannot give the necessary attentions
> to the children they need if you have lots of them. I think when
> going in to such kinds of marriage, one should also go along with
> some common sense. I might have good intentions in marrying my
> brother's widow, but that action won't necessarily be the best for
> both of us. What difference does it make if a widow were to remarry to
> another man in a different family as long as he cares for her and
> her children?
>
> Ousman
AND HOW MANY GAMBIAN MEN DO YOU KNOW WHO ARE PREPARED TO MARRY AND TAKE
CARE OF A WIDOW WITH FOUR CHILDREN FROM A PREVIOUS MARRIAGE? AND HOW
COULD YOU EVEN GURANTEE THAT SHE WOULD EVER MAKE IT TO THE TRAIN AGAIN
WITH SO MUCH BAGGAGE?!
REGARDS BASSSS!!
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 20:27:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704292048.A29265-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
On Tue, 29 Apr 1997 Gunjur@aol.com wrote:
> Andrea,
> It is true that the husband's family does encourage him to marry s second
> wife if there are no children after years of marriage as well as if for some
> reason they do not like the wife.However, l think in most cases , there is no
> encouragement necessary. As for some women choosing to marry already
> married men, l think some of them are motivated by the challenge, the sense
> of controversy, they are driven to show that they can attract and "take ones
> husband away" from them if you will. These women are the very ones that bring
> grief and disharmony to polygamous relationships.They were drawn to the
> relationship for this purpose to begin with.
>
> Jabou.
>
I agree with what Jabou has said, but i think that another point is that
some women feel that married men are more dependable and more stable than
single men!! these women don't want to start over, they want ready made
hence no hassels.
Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 17:45:02 -0700
From: sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: New Member
Message-ID: <199704300045.RAA18621@thesky.incog.com>
All,
Sukai Gaye has been added to the list. Welcome aboard and please send in your intro the list.
Sarian
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 17:46:41 +0800 (SGT)
From: Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my>
To: Sarian Loum <sarian@osmosys.incog.com>
Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: SUBSCRIBE GAMBIA-L
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970429173954.17634B-100000@talabah.iiu.my>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
SARIAN, COULD YOU PLEASE ADD ALHAGI MANTA DRAMMEH TO THE LIST. HIS E-MAIL
ADDRESS IS AS FOLLOWS: alhagi@iiu.my
THANKS AND MAY ALLAH BLESS YOU ALL FOR YOUR KIND EFFORTS.
SANUSI.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 21:22:35 -0700
From: sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: New Member
Message-ID: <199704300422.VAA18689@thesky.incog.com>
All,
Alhaji Manta Drammeh has been added to the list as requested by Sanusi. Alhaji welcome aboard and please send in your intro to the list.
Sarian
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 08:07:29 +0200
From: Abdou Gibba <Abdou.Gibba@smr.uib.no>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: mil4@cornell.edu
Subject: Re: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
Message-ID: <2.2.32.19970430060729.006ca420@golf.uib.no>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
At 14:39 28.04.97 EDT, you wrote:
>
>
>FYI
>
>
>---------- Forwarded Message ----------
>
>From: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues, INTERNET:LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
>TO: "LEONENET", INTERNET:LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
>DATE: 4/26/97 12:45 AM
>
>RE: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
>
>Sender: owner-leonenet@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
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>Date: Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:28:37 -0400
>Reply-To: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues <LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU>
>Sender: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues <LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU>
>From: Ibe Ibeike-Jonah <mi14@CORNELL.EDU>
>Subject: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
>Comments: To: OKYEAME@ATHENA.MIT.EDU
>Comments: cc: LSA-L@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU, SENEGA-L@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT,
> gr@pbs.port.ac.uk, okyeame@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
>To: LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
>
> *** IMPORTANT, PLS READ ***
>
>CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
>
> In the more than three decades since the bulk of African
>countries gained independence from colonial rule, few African
>rulers have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed themselves to
>be defeated in an election. Unsurprisingly, an overwhelming
>majority of these rulers have either been forced out of office
>through popular revolt, armed insurrection, and coup d'etat, or
>died in office after being too sick and senile to sign even their
>signatures. Indeed, political succession has remained undoubtedly
>one of post-colonial Africa's Achilles heels. The consequences of
>this state of affairs are legion, and have been all too disastrous
>for the continent. Many countries have known no political
>stability --an essential condition for any meaningful development
>to take place -- as a chain of individual rulers have, without
>scruples, battled and decimated their own populace just to remain
>in power; economies, upon which the welfare of the people depends,
>have been ruined leaving in place a desolate economic landscape
>that invites only the worst speculative activities and merchants of
>death; precious unrenewable resources have continually been wasted
>in pursuit of the mirage of staying in power indefinitely;
>countless number of people have been uprooted and displaced from
>their homes and reduced, as it were, to becoming food aid junkies
>in refugee camps. Most portentous of all, the countries have been
>robbed the dynamism and renewed vigor that come from the ascendance
>to power of much younger, energetic leadership.
>
> As we approach the 21st century, it behooves us (Africans) to
>devise creative and ground-breaking ways to address this hydra-
>headed problem. We need to create conditions to encourage African
>heads of state to graciously hand over power to an elected
>successor. This calls, among other things, for the establishment of
>a Pan-African Senate consisting of former African heads of state
>who have either allowed themselves to be defeated at the polls
>(like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of Benin), or
>handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun Obasanjo of
>Nigeria and Julius Maada Bio of Sierra Leone), or retired in
>conditions of pluralism and the open society (like Leopold Senghor
>of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania, and Nelson "Madiba"
>Mandela of South Africa who will be retiring in 1999 after a most
>glorious and distinguished political career).
>
> The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet
>substantial purposes:
>(1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom
>and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic
>statesmen and women.
>(2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a
>continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus
>engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa.
>(3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the
>presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive
>asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing".
>
> The idea for the creation of a Pan-African Senate to serve the
>above objectives comes from Professor Ali Mazrui. It may not be a
>sure-fire recipe to cure all of Africa's political succession woes,
>but it sure is a significant step toward fruitfully dealing with
>the problem. If such an institution was in place a long time ago,
>it could have arguably helped to prevent some of the worst crisis
>afflicting African countries today. If Mobutu had voluntarily
>vacated the presidency 20 years ago, Zairians would have been
>spared the anguish, trauma and poverty visited on them by 32 years
>of Mobutuism; if Babangida had graciously handed over power to the
>presumed winner of the 1993 presidential elections, the current
>imbroglio Nigeria is enmeshed in could have been avoided; and if
>current rulers of Gabon, Kenya, Togo, Cameroon, etc. voluntarily
>relinquish power, their respective countries would be spared the
>aggravation of forceful change in leadership.
>
> This is why you or your organization should sign the letter
>below to be sent to all African foreign ministers and heads of
>state asking them to include the formation of an African Senate as
>one of their agenda items in their upcoming annual meeting. The OAU
>council of ministers will meet from May 28-30, and the heads of state
>summit from June 2-4, 1997 at Harare Zimbabwe.
>
> Append your name by cc mi14@cornell.edu Feel free to distribute
>widely and send hardcopy signatories for collation to:
>P. O. Box 4868, Ithaca NY 14852, USA.
>
>Ibe Ibeike-Jonah
>
>----------------------------------------------------------
>April 25, 1997
>
>President Robert G. Mugabe
>Incoming Organization of African Unity (OAU) Chairman
>Munhumutapa Bldg.
>Samora Machel Avenue
>Private Bag 7700, Causeway
>Harare, Zimbabwe
>
>Dear President Mugabe,
>
> Creation of a Pan-African Senate
>
> In the more than thirty years since the bulk of African
>countries attained independence from colonial rule, few African
>heads of state have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed
>themselves to be defeated in an election. An inordinate number of
>African rulers have either been forced out of office through armed
>revolt and coup d'etat, or died in office after a protracted
>illness that almost always paralyze the affairs of the state.
>Indeed, political succession has remained one of Africa's Achilles
>heels.
>
> Conscious of the immense disastrous political and economic
>consequences that ensue from the penchant of rulers to
>indefinitely stay in office, mindful of the universal and fervent
>desire of African people to creatively rise to the challenge of
>solving the problems confronting the continent as we approach the
>next century; and recognizing the need to create conditions that
>will enable African rulers to graciously yield power to an elected
>successor; we, the undersigned Africans, friends of Africa and
>organizations recommend and call on the Organization of African
>Unity (OAU) Council of Ministers and Heads of Government to include
>as an agenda item in their scheduled annual summit meeting in
>Harare, Zimbabwe the prompt establishment of a Pan-African Senate
>consisting precisely of former African heads of state (and those
>who follow in their footsteps) who have:
>(i) either willingly and gracefully accepted electoral defeat at
>the polls (like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of
>Benin);
>(ii) or handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun
>Obasanjo of Nigeria and Julius Bio of Sierra Leone);
>(iii) or retired in conditions of pluralism and the open society
>(like Leopold Senghor of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania,
>and Nelson "Madiba" Mandela of South Africa who has announced he
>will be retiring in 1999 after a most distinguished political
>career).
>
> The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet
>substantial purposes:
>(1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom
>and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic
>statesmen and women.
>(2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a
>continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus
>engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa.
>(3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the
>presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive
>asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing".
>
> We hope that the OAU Council of Ministers and Presidents will
>heed our clarion call for the establishment of a Pan-African Senate
>which, we believe, will significantly address the sore emanating
>from the problem of political succession in Africa.
>
>Sincerely,
>
>signed
>
>(001) Ibe Ibeike-Jonah, Ithaca NY (Nigerian)
>(002) Prof. Ali Mazrui, Director Global Cultural Studies, SUNY
>Binghamton NY
>(003) Ed Mabaya, Mutare Zimbabwe
>(004) Krishna Rao, New Delhi India
>(005) Gibson Guvheya, Masvingo, Zimbabwean
>(006) Dr Michel Del Buono, Cornell University/World Bank
>(007) Araz Mekhtiev, Baku Azerbaijan
>(008) Prof. Muna Ndulo, Cornell Law School, Ithaca (Zambian)
>(009) Abdou Oujimai Gibba (Gambian)
>(010)
>(011)
>(012)
>(013)
>(014)
>(015)
>(016)
>(017)
>(018)
>(019)
>(020)
>...
>...
>...
>Cc:
>- President Paul Biya of Cameroon, Outgoing OAU Chairman
>- All African Heads of State
>- Dr Stanislaus Mudenge, Zimbabwean Foreign Minister
>- All African Foreign Ministers
>- Dr Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Secretary-General
>- Mr Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General
>- Chief Emeka Anyaoku, Commonwealth of Nations Secretary-General
>- Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, former President of Tanzania
>- Kenneth Kaunda, former President of Zambia
>- Olusegun Obasanjo, former Head of State of Nigeria
>- Leopold Senghor, former President of Senegal
>- Nicephore Soglo, former President of Benin Republic
>- Julius Maada Bio, former Head of State of Sierra Leone
>- Ibrahima Sy, OAU Representative to the UN
>- Edouard E. Benjamin, ECOWAS Executive Secretary
>- Kaire Mbuende, SADC Executive Secretary
>- K. Y. Amoako, ECA Executive Secretary
>- All African Media Outlets
>- All African Non-governmental Organizations
>
>
>
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 10:10:18 GMT
From: "Per E. Grotnes" <perg@nfh.uit.no>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent
Pneumonia
Message-ID: <1.5.4.16.19970430113046.27d78336@draugen.nfh.uit.no>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
At 08:47 29.04.97 -0400, you wrote:
> Hi folks,
>Perhaps this is a good time to ask some questions about health
>matters. It was about 1990 when I came across the use of mosquito nets
>impregnated in some insecticide to repell mosquitoes. I did not have
>the opportunity to talk to any health expert then but do anyone know
>the type of insecticide used? I must say the results were really
>impressive. For even ant don't make it if they come in contact with
>the net. also is the insecticide still being used?
>
>Malanding Jaiteh
>
>
>The chemical you are looking for is Permethrin. Commericial preparations of
Permethrin are currently sold under the names:
Coulston's Duranon Tick Repellent, Coulston's Duranon Odorless Tick
Repellent, Perma-kill Tick & Flea Repellent for Dogs, Coulston's 4 week Tick
Killer
There are certainly other suppliers of this compound. Most commercial
gardeners will be using one form of it. The chemical is presumably non-toxic
to humans. Actually is is also "safe" for insects as its main effect is to
repel and not to kill.
I and my two sons in the Gambia use it to make mosquito nets more efficient.
best wishes from perg
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 13:15:51 GMT0BST
From: "MOMODOU MUSA CEESAY" <LEY5MC1@ccn6.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk>
To: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>, gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <33E0750C21@ccn6.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk>
ALLAH SAID MARRY UP TO FOUR (IF YOU CAN BE FAIR TO THEM) NOT THREE
OR JUST TWO.
ALMOST ALL THE PROBLEMS BEING MENTIONED HERE ARE NOT REALLY POLYGAMY
PROBLEMS.
IN ISLAM IT HAS BEEN PLAINLY STATED THAT THE WOMEN SHOULD BE TAKEN
CARE OF BY THE MEN.
So one can only conclude that the controversy surrounding polygamy
is more to do with strange mixture of religion, culture , the very
familiar vices of human nature as well as people basing the
decisions they make on their whims and desire.
Islam cannot be practiced partially. It just doesn't work if we pick
and choose. If we limit IT to two wives ,then what about the man who
can treat four fairly,more important what about the women who do not
mind sharing with three other women. And the point that women enter
polygamous relationship because they want to prove a point or steal
someone's husband just doesn't hold. Why can't they simply have an
affair with the man to prove their Point? And why do we agree that
women seem to want married men more than Bachelors. Very simple :they
WOULD LOVE TO GET MARRIED.
The situation's the same in the west, women are attracted to married
men; they only settle for worse because the see so many marriges
failing.And they fail most the time because ONE PARTY IS NOT BEING
FAIR! . Why do we think so many married men cheat on their wives.
Like a man married guy once said " if only i knew how women desire
married guys, i'd have worn a ring on my finger the minute i enter
college."
Its only my humble opinion but do not blame polygamy. I come from a
polygamous family and i've also observed the many problems that seems
to follow it but i rise above it to honestly admit that polygamy 's
not to be blamed.By the way a husband can love one of his wive more
(matters of the heart), but using the brain he can still be VERY FAIR.
AND i don't think some women would mind this.
Peace,
Elhaj.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 12:43:53 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <970430124352_-400240336@emout11.mail.aol.com>
Soffie,
I agree. These are people who definitely lack self esteem, as well as the
ones who entertian or encourage them. I believe that if the women and men in
these relationships did not encourage these behaviours, they would not
happen.I seem to have upset a whole lot of folk by my views on this issue,
but let's face it, this is not about to go away in our culture any time
soon.There is also the issue that we have more women than men in Gambia e.g.
and with a lot of the men leaving the country to settle elsewhere and not
always choosing to marry Gambian women, where do you suppose these women are
going to find husbands. l would like some feed back on this, please.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 10:01:26 -0700 (PDT)
From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Dr Sheku Kamara's debut novel
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.95.970430094923.28120C-100000@saul4.u.washington.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Gambia-l, I am forwarding a review of Dr Sheku Kamara's novel which was
posted in LEONENET, Sierra Leone's equivalent of Gambia-l. Dr Kamara is a
citizen of Sierra Leone and also a member of Gambia-l who also contributes
to the discussions and issues.
Thanks
Tony
Hi Netters:
Considering the paucity of creative literary works by Sierra Leoneans,
S.G. Kamara's debut novel is a welcome addition to the "tiny" corpus.
This novel, written in crisp, intimate, accessible, and evocative prose,
is a powerful dramatization of the gradual but inevitable erosion both of
TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY, and the foundation on which rests the EPISTEMOLOGY
and COSMOLOGY of a traditional African community.
Set in Sierra Leone, in particular, Northern and Southern parts of the
country, the novel follows the birth and development to adulthood of
Demba, the son of a wealthy Muslim Mandingo (Djoula) in the village of
KINDIASO. The vivid dramatization of traditional ceremonies and
festivities transports the reader to her/his community be it in Leicester,
Funkia, Lunsar, Rotifunk, Rokupr, or Kailahun.
The reader witnesses, sometimes invited to participate in, the pain,
anguish, and frustration that N'na Iye and Mogofin, human embodiments of
tradition, go through as they helplessly watch the edifice of BADENIA
disintegrate in the face of CHANGE. Badenia, the BUILDING UP principle,
holds society together, while FADAINYA, the BREAKING DOWN principle, pulls
society apart. The struggle between these two principles is effectively
dramatized both in the actions of characters and in their minds.
Among other things the novel raises issues like the relationship between
the individual and society in a traditional African Society; Is probing
the unknown : SEERING, FORTUNE TELLING, PSYCHIC HOTLINE, an art or a
science? What are the differences between traditional religion(s) and
Islam /Christianity? Marriage and Family Feuds; gender relations etc.
One of the blessings of this book is the author's eye for keen observation
and the corresponding knack for vivid descriptions. Witness this:
Other women wearing seductive dresses, short skirts or lappas, to
expose their beautiful thighs and legs, pace back and forth
around the dimly-lit areas. They wiggle their attractive waists
and behinds along with their bouncy breasts, with the pointed
teats impressed on their scanty blouses (p.166).
The novel ends with Demba searching for answers to questions about the
value of the traditions from which he is being gradually alienated, and
the "superiority" of the systems imposed upon him.
*** There is a whole lot more in this novel. It is worth reading.
The book is published in 1996 by MINERVA PRESS in England. For more
information call S.G. Kamara at 206 824 1785 / 206 756 2863.
We de look befo!
Na in dat.
Sheikh Umarr Kamarah
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 14:42:01 -0400
From: Sukai Gaye <sg125909@gwmail.kysu.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: New Member -Reply
Message-ID: <s3675a93.080@gwmail.kysu.edu>
Hi Gambian brothers and sisters,
My name is Sukai Gaye
and I am a student at Kentucky State University. I
am a Freshman majoring in Computer science. I
went to high school at Gambia high and sixth form
at Saint Augustines, class of '93 and '95
respectively. Anyway, I'm really thrilled to a
member of Gambia on line and also hope that it be a
worthwhile, interesting and educative endeavor.
Hope to hear from you soon. Bye.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 14:30:30 -0500 (EST)
From: Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <9C4D90196A@scholar.wabash.edu>
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Elhaj,
"Polygamy is fine if you can treat the women fairly..." is a
very common saying. But the fact is NO ONE can treat numerous wives
equally. There will always be a favorite and others won't appreciate
it. And no one has ever done it before!
Even if we assume a husband can treat several wives equally, let us
not forget about the future of the children. Generations ago, one can
marry several wives and have a bunch of kids and can still take care
of them. But today's life just doesn't allow that. Just because the
Koran okay's polygamy does not mean we have bring children in the
world without thinking of the consequencies.
Ousman
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Ousman Gajigo
Morris Hall 107
Crawfordsville, IN 47933
(phone): 765 361 7096
Fax: 765 361 6295
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 19:19:45 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704301901.A24556-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, Ousman Gajigo wrote:
> Even if we assume a husband can treat several wives equally, let us
> not forget about the future of the children. Generations ago, one can
> marry several wives and have a bunch of kids and can still take care
> of them. But today's life just doesn't allow that. Just because the
> Koran okay's polygamy does not mean we have bring children in the
> world without thinking of the consequencies.
I have to agree with Ousman here. It's all well and good if one can treat
two or more wives " equally" ( whatever the definition of that is to some
people), but what about the children????. I believe that when the Kuran
was written, it was written at a time when life was a little less
"complex" than todays. having land on which to farm on etc, I guess sort of
guaranteed your future and that of your children ( is this wrong??). So
one didn't have to worry about the childrens future too much. Again as
Jabou mentioned, with more women than men, polygammy was and can be a good
idea. But
what about today?? Today, it is almost essential that both parents work
inorder to support their children. Will I be generalising
too much by assuming that a lot of the men involved in polygammous
marriages are older?? Well, based on this assumption, what off the
children thatcome off these marriages???? Or should we just say that "the
husbands brother will take care of them??" What of this brothers problems???
Or should we depend on his feelings of compassion??
And even if the man wasn't old??? things are very expensive nowadays.
Just putting one child through school is expensive enough rather than
2,3,4,etc. Anyway, I have to leave now hence can't expand.......
Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 18:46:46 -0500 (CDT)
From: umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: New Member
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970430184343.4575B-100000@pollux.cc.umanitoba.ca>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE
On Tue, 29 Apr 1997, Sarian Loum wrote:
> All,
>=20
> Alhaji Manta Drammeh has been added to the list as requested by Sanusi. =
Alhaji welcome aboard and please send in your intro to the list.
>=20
> Sarian
>=20
Alhaji!!!
=09This is your Alieu Jawara, your brother! how's it in Malaysia? Send=20
me your e-mail address and I'll talk to you soon.
Wassalaamun =E1la manit taba=E1l huda. =20
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 23:11:34 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
Message-ID: <970430231021_610160005@emout19.mail.aol.com>
Malnding,
l would also like to know the insecticide used and what the effect on long
term exposure to it could do to humans.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 08:49:52 -0400
From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
Message-ID: <199705011249.IAA28747@oak.ffr.mtu.edu>
> From GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Wed Apr 30 23:13:32 1997
> Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 23:11:34 -0400 (EDT)
> From: Gunjur@AOL.COM
> To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
> Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
> X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.1 beta -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN
>
> Malnding,
> l would also like to know the insecticide used and what the effect on long
> term exposure to it could do to humans.
>
> Jabou.
>
Jabou, this is what I got from one of the members. Believe me its one of those "Miracle Grow" solutions.
Malanding
>From GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Wed Apr 30 06:11:52 1997
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 10:10:18 GMT
From: "Per E. Grotnes" <perg@nfh.uit.no>
To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent
Pneumonia
Mime-Version: 1.0
X-Sender: perg@draugen.nfh.uit.no
X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.1 beta -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN
At 08:47 29.04.97 -0400, you wrote:
> Hi folks,
>Perhaps this is a good time to ask some questions about health
>matters. It was about 1990 when I came across the use of mosquito nets
>impregnated in some insecticide to repell mosquitoes. I did not have
>the opportunity to talk to any health expert then but do anyone know
>the type of insecticide used? I must say the results were really
>impressive. For even ant don't make it if they come in contact with
>the net. also is the insecticide still being used?
>
>Malanding Jaiteh
>
>
>The chemical you are looking for is Permethrin. Commericial preparations of
Permethrin are currently sold under the names:
Coulston's Duranon Tick Repellent, Coulston's Duranon Odorless Tick
Repellent, Perma-kill Tick & Flea Repellent for Dogs, Coulston's 4 week Tick
Killer
There are certainly other suppliers of this compound. Most commercial
gardeners will be using one form of it. The chemical is presumably non-toxic
to humans. Actually is is also "safe" for insects as its main effect is to
repel and not to kill.
I and my two sons in the Gambia use it to make mosquito nets more efficient.
best wishes from perg
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 15:31:16 +0000
From: "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: TAMSIR M'BAI
Message-ID: <199705011428.PAA05529@netmail.city.ac.uk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
hi tamsir please mail me as i have mistakenly deleted all the
addresses in my address book.
PS Gambia-l my apologies for this mail as it private
thank you
m'bai omar f.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 08:26:45 -0700 (PDT)
From: Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
To: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <Pine.A41.3.95b.970501082333.28794B-100000@dante30.u.washington.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
This discussion on polygamy is very interesting...I was reminded of a
passage from Birago Diop's Tales of Amadou Koumba, where he writes: "In
the matter of wives two is not a good number. The man who wants to avoid
quarrels, shouting, grousing, reproaches, and nasty innuendoes must have
at least three wives, or else one, but never two. Two women in the same
house always have with them a third companion, who is not only good for
nothing, but also happens to be the worst of bad councellors. This
companion is shrill-voiced Envy, bitter as tamarind
juice."......Reactions? Ylva
On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, Ancha Bala-Gaye u wrote:
>
>
> On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, Ousman Gajigo wrote:
>
> > Even if we assume a husband can treat several wives equally, let us
> > not forget about the future of the children. Generations ago, one can
> > marry several wives and have a bunch of kids and can still take care
> > of them. But today's life just doesn't allow that. Just because the
> > Koran okay's polygamy does not mean we have bring children in the
> > world without thinking of the consequencies.
>
> I have to agree with Ousman here. It's all well and good if one can treat
> two or more wives " equally" ( whatever the definition of that is to some
> people), but what about the children????. I believe that when the Kuran
> was written, it was written at a time when life was a little less
> "complex" than todays. having land on which to farm on etc, I guess sort of
> guaranteed your future and that of your children ( is this wrong??). So
> one didn't have to worry about the childrens future too much. Again as
> Jabou mentioned, with more women than men, polygammy was and can be a good
> idea. But
> what about today?? Today, it is almost essential that both parents work
> inorder to support their children. Will I be generalising
> too much by assuming that a lot of the men involved in polygammous
> marriages are older?? Well, based on this assumption, what off the
> children thatcome off these marriages???? Or should we just say that "the
> husbands brother will take care of them??" What of this brothers problems???
> Or should we depend on his feelings of compassion??
> And even if the man wasn't old??? things are very expensive nowadays.
> Just putting one child through school is expensive enough rather than
> 2,3,4,etc. Anyway, I have to leave now hence can't expand.......
> Ancha.
>
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 11:55:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Polygamy
Message-ID: <199705011555.LAA22815@cedar.ffr.mtu.edu>
Content-Type: text
>
> This discussion on polygamy is very interesting...I was reminded of a
> passage from Birago Diop's Tales of Amadou Koumba, where he writes: "In
> the matter of wives two is not a good number. The man who wants to avoid
> quarrels, shouting, grousing, reproaches, and nasty innuendoes must have
> at least three wives, or else one, but never two. Two women in the same
> house always have with them a third companion, who is not only good for
> nothing, but also happens to be the worst of bad councellors. This
> companion is shrill-voiced Envy, bitter as tamarind
> juice."......Reactions? Ylva
>
>
I like this one Ylva. Thank you.
Malanding
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 19:39:13 +2000
From: mmjeng@image.dk
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Fwd:Ten African States Creat Tolerance Network.
Message-ID: <199705011721.TAA02298@ns.image.dk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
Ten African States Create Tolerance Network
May 1, 1997
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA) - Ten African states have decided to create a
network for the promotion of tolerance, non-violence and peace on the
continent.
The network was created in Dakar, Senegal, at the end of a conference
on the promotion of values of tolerance, which ended on Wednesday.
The members of the network are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire,
Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritius, Senegal and Togo.
According to a final report produced at the end of the meeting, the
network will seek to coordinate the international community's response
to the challenges of intolerance and violence.
The network expects to develop this response through the careful
analysis of the root causes of these phenomena and by supporting the
execution of research programmes in social sciences and education for
tolerance, human rights, non-violence and peace.
To achieve these aims, the conference stressed the need to improve the
training of teachers, development of school curricula and manuals.
The objective is to train responsible citizens who live in solidarity
with each other, open to other cultures, capable of appreciating the
value of freedom, respect the dignity of human beings and their
differences and able to prevent conflicts or to settle them by
non-violent means .
In the final document, the participants called for increased
communication and cooperation among non-governmental organisations
dealing with projects aimed at combating intolerance.
Greetings.
Matarr M. Jeng.
Copyright =A9 1997 Panafrican News Agency. All Rights
Reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 19:39:13 +2000
From: mmjeng@image.dk
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Fwd: Diouf Worried By Crippling School Strikes.
Message-ID: <199705011721.TAA02304@ns.image.dk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
Happy May Day To All Of You And Welcome To All New Members.
Greetings.
Matarr M. Jeng http://www.image.dk/~mmjeng/
Diouf Worried By Crippling School Strikes
May 1, 1997
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA) - Senegal's president Abdou Diouf on Thursday in
Dakar expressed concern at the ongoing strike by school pupils and
teachers which has paralysed the country's public education system.
The President said this after listening to a list of workers
grievances prepared by the country's umbrella trade union, the
Confederation of Workers Trade Union during May Day celebrations in
the Senegalese capital.
He was referring to cyclical strikes by teachers, students and pupils,
which have been going on since this year's academic year started in
October 1996.
Senegalese public school teachers have gone on strike to press demands
for improved salaries and living conditions.
Let us save the Senegalese school system which is our pride and our
greatest wealth, Diouf said, urging all the parties concerned to
engage in serious negotiations.
Copyright =A9 1997 Panafrican News Agency. All Rights
Reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 09:45:06 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <970501094451_840551389@emout01.mail.aol.com>
Ancha,
l think this is where a lot of people are missing the point of the directive
in the Qu'ran. Clearly, one has to be in a position to afford having more
than one wife and many children. The problem we have here is that those who
cannot afford this are engaging in it just to satisfy their own lust. The
Qu'ran is never out-dated , Allah's wisdom is timeless, it is man's
understanding of it that is wanting.
Jabou
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 01 May 1996 22:25:28 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Polygamy
Message-ID: <3187BAA7.930@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Ylva Hernlund wrote:
>
> This discussion on polygamy is very interesting...I was reminded of a
> passage from Birago Diop's Tales of Amadou Koumba, where he writes: "In
> the matter of wives two is not a good number. The man who wants to avoid
> quarrels, shouting, grousing, reproaches, and nasty innuendoes must have
> at least three wives, or else one, but never two. Two women in the same
> house always have with them a third companion, who is not only good for
> nothing, but also happens to be the worst of bad councellors. This
> companion is shrill-voiced Envy, bitter as tamarind
> juice."......Reactions? Ylva
>
> >
> >
> te:
> >
> > > Even if we assume a husband can treat several wives equally, let us
> > > not forget about the future of the children. Generations ago, one can
> > > marry several wives and have a bunch of kids and can still take care
> > > of them. But today's life just doesn't allow that. Just because the
> > > Koran okay's polygamy does not mean we have bring children in the
> > > world without thinking of the consequencies.
> >
> > I have to agree with Ousman here. It's all well and good if one can treat
> > two or more wives " equally" ( whatever the definition of that is to some
> > people), but what about the children????. I believe that when the Kuran
> > was written, it was written at a time when life was a little less
> > "complex" than todays. having land on which to farm on etc, I guess sort of
> > guaranteed your future and that of your children ( is this wrong??). So
> > one didn't have to worry about the childrens future too much. Again as
> > Jabou mentioned, with more women than men, polygammy was and can be a good
> > idea. But
> > what about today?? Today, it is almost essential that both parents work
> > inorder to support their children. Will I be generalising
> > too much by assuming that a lot of the men involved in polygammous
> > marriages are older?? Well, based on this assumption, what off the
> > children thatcome off these marriages???? Or should we just say that "the
> > husbands brother will take care of them??" What of this brothers problems???
> > Or should we depend on his feelings of compassion??
> > And even if the man wasn't old??? things are very expensive nowadays.
> > Just putting one child through school is expensive enough rather than
> > 2,3,4,etc. Anyway, I have to leave now hence can't expand.......
> > Ancha.
> >
--
ylva!!
I THINK MR.DIOP MAY HAVE A POINT OR TWO HERE!!
REGARDS BASSSS!!
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 01 May 1996 23:01:31 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Polygamy
Message-ID: <3187C31B.4565@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Gunjur@aol.com wrote:
>
> Ancha,
> l think this is where a lot of people are missing the point of the directive
> in the Qu'ran. Clearly, one has to be in a position to afford having more
> than one wife and many children. The problem we have here is that those who
> cannot afford this are engaging in it just to satisfy their own lust. The
> Qu'ran is never out-dated , Allah's wisdom is timeless, it is man's
> understanding of it that is wanting.
>
> Jabou
JABBOU!!
IN A GAMBIA WHERE WOMEN HAVE BEEN ENPOWERED ENOUGH TO HAVE THE TOOLS
AND SKILLS TO TAKE CARE OF AND DEPEND ON THEMSELVES - IN SUCH A
GAMBIA,IT WOULDN'T BE A REQUIREMENT THAT A MAN MUST BE MONEYED BEFORE
THREE WOMEN COULD HAVE HIM AS THEIR PARTNER.IT SOUNDS DISTURBINGLY
CAPITALISTIC TO ME THE SUGGESTION THAT ONLY MEN WITH MONEY SHOULD BE
ALLOWED TO HAVE MULTIPLE FEMALE PARTNERS AT ANY GIVEN TIME.SOME
WELL-TO-DO GAMBIAN MEN ARE VERY INTELLIGENT AND STILL OTHERS HAVE VERY
GOOD QUALITIES (CHARACTER,INTEGRITY,CONSCIENCE AND EVEN PHYSICAL HEALTH
AND ATTRATIVENESS), QUALITIES TOTALLY UNRELATED TO MONEY AND YET
EQUALLY IMPORTANT.SO,REDUCING THE PASS MARK TO ONLY MONEY IS NOT AT ALL
A FARSIGHTED SOLUTION,SAYING NOTHING OF ITS INJUSTICE TO BOTH MEN AND
WOMEN.
REGARDS BASSSS!!!
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 17:14:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: ASJanneh@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: New Member
Message-ID: <970501171411_1953595602@emout13.mail.aol.com>
Gambia-l:
M.M. Scattred Janneh is our newest member. We expect a formal introduction
from him soon. Welcome on board, brother.
Amadou
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 97 18:11:31 PDT
From: MAKE THAT VISION A REALITY <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: RE: New Member
Message-ID: <9705020111.utk2957@RR5.intel.com>
MM.,
Welcome aboard the Gambia-l ! I hope you will find this medium educative and
interesting.
Feel free to throw in your views during breaks from school.
We are looking forward to your contributions to the BANTABA.
Regards,
Pa-Abdou
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 02 May 1996 09:11:14 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU
Subject: RE: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <31885201.2AEC@QATAR.NET.QA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
> Ancha,
> l think this is where a lot of people are missing the point of the dire=
ctive
> in the Qu'ran. Clearly, one has to be in a position to afford having mo=
re
> than one wife and many children. The problem we have here is that those=
who
> cannot afford this are engaging in it just to satisfy their own lust. T=
he
> Qu'ran is never out-dated , Allah's wisdom is timeless, it is man's
> understanding of it that is wanting.
>=20
> Jabou
JABBOU!!
IN A GAMBIA WHERE WOMEN HAVE BEEN ENPOWERED ENOUGH TO HAVE THE
TOOLS AND SKILLS TO TAKE CARE OF AND DEPEND ON THEMSELVES - IN SUCH A
GAMBIA,IT WOULDN'T BE A REQUIREMENT THAT A MAN MUST BE MONEYED BEFORE
THREE WOMEN COULD HAVE HIM AS THEIR PARTNER.IT SOUNDS DISTURBINGLY
CAPITALISTIC TO ME THE SUGGESTION THAT ONLY MEN WITH MONEY SHOULD BE
ALLOWED TO HAVE MULTIPLE FEMALE PARTNERS AT ANY GIVEN TIME.SOME
WELL-TO-DO GAMBIAN MEN ARE VERY INTELLIGENT AND STILL OTHERS HAVE VERY
GOOD QUALITIES (CHARACTER,INTEGRITY,CONSCIENCE AND EVEN PHYSICAL HEALTH
AND ATTRATIVENESS), QUALITIES TOTALLY UNRELATED TO MONEY AND YET
EQUALLY IMPORTANT.SO,REDUCING THE PASS MARK TO ONLY MONEY IS NOT AT ALL
A FARSIGHTED SOLUTION,SAYING NOTHING OF ITS INJUSTICE TO THE MAJORITY
OF MEN AND WOMEN.
REGARDS BASSSS!!!
--=20
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 15:44:53 +0800 (SGT)
From: Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: RE: Polygamy
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970502091852.2420B-100000@talabah.iiu.my>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Momodou Musa Ceesay, well done for your posting. Polygamy is a permissible
act only for those who can be fair with their wives and fulfil all their
material needs. Allah will not hold anybody responsible for loving one
wife more than the other, for we have no control over our hearts. Omar the
second kalif of Islam once said :" O'Allah I have no control over my heart
but I will try to be fair in other things between my wives". I believe
that polygamy could well serve as a solution to some of our social problems
such as reducing the number of unmarried women and widows in our
socities. In an ideal Islamic state no woman should stay single the whole
of her life, it makes no sense to me for someone to have a wife and ten
mistresses as it is the case in some places. If you have uncontrollable
sexual desire, it is better to be polygamous. It might not be the perfect
answer to male prostitution but there is no harm in subscribing to
it either.
On one hand many people have failed to understand where polygamy stemmed
from, fingers are always pointed at Islam. Polygamy is not new to Africans
nor to the Arab and the jewish people. It has been going on for centuries,
it's mentioned in surah sa'd that Dawud[a]- king David- had ninty nine
wives and our beloved prophet Muhammad (P.b.u.h) had 11 wives for multiple
reasons. I can proudly point out that Islam did not come up with a new
social contract, it only put a limit to the number of wives one can wed.
To ensure justice among all couples.
In short, For brothers who can not fulfil their material obligations and
ensure fairness among their partners should refrain from the above
practice. Pleaseeeeeeee! give our sisters and mothers a break. You are
not qualified for this job.
Sanusi.
On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, MOMODOU MUSA CEESAY wrote:
> ALLAH SAID MARRY UP TO FOUR (IF YOU CAN BE FAIR TO THEM) NOT THREE
> OR JUST TWO.
>
> ALMOST ALL THE PROBLEMS BEING MENTIONED HERE ARE NOT REALLY POLYGAMY
> PROBLEMS.
>
> IN ISLAM IT HAS BEEN PLAINLY STATED THAT THE WOMEN SHOULD BE TAKEN
> CARE OF BY THE MEN.
>
> So one can only conclude that the controversy surrounding polygamy
> is more to do with strange mixture of religion, culture , the very
> familiar vices of human nature as well as people basing the
> decisions they make on their whims and desire.
>
> Islam cannot be practiced partially. It just doesn't work if we pick
> and choose. If we limit IT to two wives ,then what about the man who
> can treat four fairly,more important what about the women who do not
> mind sharing with three other women. And the point that women enter
> polygamous relationship because they want to prove a point or steal
> someone's husband just doesn't hold. Why can't they simply have an
> affair with the man to prove their Point? And why do we agree that
> women seem to want married men more than Bachelors. Very simple :they
> WOULD LOVE TO GET MARRIED.
> The situation's the same in the west, women are attracted to married
> men; they only settle for worse because the see so many marriges
> failing.And they fail most the time because ONE PARTY IS NOT BEING
> FAIR! . Why do we think so many married men cheat on their wives.
> Like a man married guy once said " if only i knew how women desire
> married guys, i'd have worn a ring on my finger the minute i enter
> college."
> Its only my humble opinion but do not blame polygamy. I come from a
> polygamous family and i've also observed the many problems that seems
> to follow it but i rise above it to honestly admit that polygamy 's
> not to be blamed.By the way a husband can love one of his wive more
> (matters of the heart), but using the brain he can still be VERY FAIR.
> AND i don't think some women would mind this.
> Peace,
> Elhaj.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 15:46:33 +0800 (SGT)
From: Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my>
To: gambia-l <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: African First Ladies to Meet in Nigeria (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970502154625.8086A-100000@talabah.iiu.my>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 08:56:36 -0400
From: Christiana Boyle <cboyle@AMAROQ.CES.NCSU.EDU>
To: LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
Subject: African First Ladies to Meet in Nigeria
To: cboyle@amaroq
Subject: (fwd) African First Ladies To Meet In Nigeria
Newsgroups: soc.culture.liberia,soc.culture.nigeria,soc.culture.sierra-leone
From: "Stephen B. Kennedy-IV" <sbkennedy@worldnet.att.net>
Date: 30 Apr 1997 11:52:59 GMT
African First Ladies To Meet In Nigeria
April 29, 1997
Paul Ejime, PANA Correspondent
LAGOS, Nigeria (PANA) - Nigeria is to host the first African First
ladies peace summit in Abuja, the Federal Capital, from May 5 to 7.
A spokesman at the Nigerian Presidency said the agenda for the Abuja
summit is expected to focus on the search for peace in the troubled
spots on the African continent.
Mamman Naisir, Chief Press Secretary to the Nigerian First Lady,
Mariyam Abacha, said on Tuesday that most of the invited guests had
agreed to attend personally or send delegates to the summit.
The meeting will be jointly organised by Nigeria, the Organization
of African Unity (OAU) and the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA),
as well as the Africa Peace Mission secretariat, temporarily based
in Abuja.
Nigerian Head of State, Gen. Sani Abacha will be the special guest
of honour.
Nasir said the OAU Secretary general, Salim Ahmed Salim and
officials of other international agencies would address the forum.
The summit was endorsed by the 65th OAU Council of Ministers during
its session, held last February in Tripoli, Libya.
The ladies summit will be a follow-up to the 1995 World Women's
Conference in Beijing, China.
According to the hosts, the meeting will part of the contribution of
African women's contribution toward peace, in view of the fact that
it is females and children who are the worst hit by the numerous
conflicts on the continent.
--
Christiana Boyle
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 13:32:26 +0200
From: momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters
Message-ID: <19970502123328.AAA21614@LOCALNAME>
The following appointments of Divisional Commissioners have been
effected on the 17th April, 1997:-
1. Mr Dembo Badjie - Permanent Secretary Office of the President, to
be Commissioner, Lower River Division;
2. Mr Pa Sallah Jagne - Former Inspector General of Police, to be
Commissioner, Western Division;
3. Mr. Lamin Komma - to be Commissioner, North Bank Division;
4. Mr E.K. Sarr - to be Commissioner, Upper River division;
The present Commissioner, Western Division, Retired captain A.
Kanteh, will be posted as Commissioner to Central River Division.
With these developments, Commissioner major Momodou Badjie of the URD
will be redeployed back to the Army and Commissioner Captain Jassey
of the LRD will retire from the Army and absorbed into the Civil
service.
It is further announced that after due consultations with the Public
service Commission, Mrs fatou Bensuda, Deputy Director of Public
Prosecutions has been appointed as Solicitor General and Legal
Secretary, Attorney general s Chambers and Ministry of Justice with
effect from 17th April, 1997.
*********************************************************
>From a press release of the Secretary of State for Presidential
Affairs, responsible for Fisheries and natural resources on 17th
April, 1997.
"The Government has recently purchased, from the United Kingdom, two
Westland Scout helicopters, specially designed for surveillance and
rescue operations to compliment the efforts of the Gambia Navy
(formerly the Marine Unit) and the Luxembourg Surveillance Team which
is currently based in the country as part of a subregional
cooperation agreement. With the help of the FM Radio transmitter
stationed at the Fisheries Department and the Navy's Patrol Vessels,
foreign boats poaching in our waters and persons attempting to
degrade our environment, could be easily identified and apprehended
by these helicopters."
Peace
Momodou Camara
*******************************************************
http://home3.inet.tele.dk/mcamara
**"Start by doing what's necessary, then what's
possible and suddenly you are doing the impossible"***
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 09:24:39 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: msjaiteh@mtu.edu (Malanding S. Jaiteh)
Subject: Re: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters
Message-ID: <199705021324.JAA29871@oak.ffr.mtu.edu>
Content-Type: text
>
> The following appointments of Divisional Commissioners have been
> effected on the 17th April, 1997:-
> 1. Mr Dembo Badjie - Permanent Secretary Office of the President, to
> be Commissioner, Lower River Division;
> 2. Mr Pa Sallah Jagne - Former Inspector General of Police, to be
> Commissioner, Western Division;
> 3. Mr. Lamin Komma - to be Commissioner, North Bank Division;
> 4. Mr E.K. Sarr - to be Commissioner, Upper River division;
>
> The present Commissioner, Western Division, Retired captain A.
> Kanteh, will be posted as Commissioner to Central River Division.
>
> With these developments, Commissioner major Momodou Badjie of the URD
> will be redeployed back to the Army and Commissioner Captain Jassey
> of the LRD will retire from the Army and absorbed into the Civil
> service.
> It is further announced that after due consultations with the Public
> service Commission, Mrs fatou Bensuda, Deputy Director of Public
> Prosecutions has been appointed as Solicitor General and Legal
> Secretary, Attorney general s Chambers and Ministry of Justice with
> effect from 17th April, 1997.
>
This is indeed a very bold step in the right direction.
Malanding Jaiteh
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 15:38:08 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Olafiaklinikken Olafia <olafia@online.no>
To: <Gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: OPINION GAMBIA COLLEGE
Message-ID: <199705021338.PAA20999@online.no>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hello Folks once again.
After reporting what was needed at the Gambia College after my return from
the Gambia. This article to the net is my opinion.
The situation at the Gambia College is not really encouraging. I am not the
right person to judge or justify were the priorities of education lie in the
Gambia. The educational institutes that nedds real help is the Gambia
College and primay schools. When it concerns senior secondary schools there
is no need for urgent assistance for the momemnt according to my
observations and point of view. These senior secondary schools has
skyrockets schoolfees with undimensional competition to be the best. They
have computer rooms, adequate labs, up dated libraries and so on.
To enter the offices of the heads of departments at the Gambia College is
really embrassing there are no carpets on floors and samething applies to
the oval area centering the offices of the principal, V. Principal, Registra
and Deputy Registra, with one old mahogany table as chair as the only
visible furniture.Waiting for either of the aboove mention you have to to be
soldier for a quite a while. The floors smiles to you with its concrete
teeths through the cement floor. I was told that the floors were like this
without carpets. The gambia College been our highest institute of learning
is not a proud site or pride to any concern Gambian.
We can help to assisst with materials we can effort or lay our hands upon
and i am quite convince that we will all do our utmost best towards this
good will to our homeland. But the problem dosen=B4t only lie on the
educational materials but also the environment that surround the College and
its various faculties. There has been a practice in my old schooldays in the
Gambai which later became a custom.That is caretakers are employed but for
what? to sweep the clasrooms and the offices.
There should be a tense of responsiblity from the Principal and board of
directors of the Gambia College concerning renovation. From what i saw at
the College there have been only reparation going on all these years and not
renovation. "RENOVATION IS CHEAPER THAT REPAIRING" Caretakers with a
tradesman background like carpenters, electricians, painters should be=
employed.
What we can do is just to contribute on the performance and academical
progress through materials, but not the environment that surrounds the
College and makes it desirable and comfortable to study. This have to be
done by the concern authorities. And if at all there are any wishes, hopes,
dreams to upgrade the Gambia college then the concern and responsible
authorities should start doing some of the lots to be done.
As i wrote in my first report all comments and questions are welcome.
With kind regards
Omar S. Saho,=20
Next it will be the health issue, E.G. the biggest city in the Gambia
Serrekunda has just a health center in the middle of the market place, the
new hospital at Frafenni communication and infrastructure. What would have
been the advantages of upgrading Royal Victoria and Bansang Hospital.
Meningitis in the Wuli district and mental health and others
WISHING YOU ALL A HAPPY WEEKEND
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 16:54:08 +0200
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk>
To: "'gambia'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: report on Gambia College
Message-ID: <c=DK%a=_%p=DIF%l=DKDIFS02-970502145408Z-220@dkdifs02.dif.dk>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Thank you Omar S. Saho, for the fresh report from Gambia College.
I=B4m satisfied, that one of you gambians did the judgement on the
educational facilities in the Gambia. When it comes to us foreigners to
judge, we never find it easy to give a picture on the situation. But I
can understand that the conditions has become even worser since I payed
visit exactly two years from now. I never got an answer which the
donor-, sponsor- or coorporating University in Canada was, on which they
layed all their hopes for help. Many of you are studying in USA or
Europe. Maybe you could get some of your institutes to adopt a faculty
in Gambia College, providing materials, equipment, books, etc., and have
students/lecturer-exchange ? Waiting for the big international
bi-lateral agreements takes time. The teachers and the board in the
Gambia are "proud" people, and we should not embarrass them by saying
all is just bad. But on the other hand, we can not help them so much,
that they can bring the institute up to modern or "western" standard
over night. We can only as family-members, gambians or friends of The
Gambia do our little interpersonnal support.
Maybe some of you can arrange a "Gambian day/night/week" at your
university, make a small PR with an information-stand, videos, slides,
and include a report/poster with the 5 -10 most wanted
things/top-priorities on the help needed at The Gambia College, -
collect all kind of contributions, and send one of the local students to
the Gambia and hand over the money or/and material collected, so he/she
with his own eyes can see, that the help is needed, and his
fellow-student (in Gambia) will be glad to exchange. Call me naiv,
because I after so many years still believe in such person-to-person
relationship. Out of it will come life-long friendships.
On the other hand I know that most of you (and me too) don=B4t want the
gambians to "live of aid", sitting there as a small young bird waiting
for the "mother/father" to come and feed it. You can raise your country
by yourself, and will not be depending. Doing it one way or another -
either by going home and help, or help from the position you have abroad
? Where to start and where to end is difficult for me to suggest. I just
want as many gambians as possible to get an education, a job and a
living in The Gambia.=20
So you can still count on me, when it comes to support the Gambia
College, GTTI og other educational institutes.
Asbj=F8rn Nordam
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 97 10:52:22 EDT
From: "Numukunda Darboe(Mba)" <ndarboe@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters
Message-ID: <ndarboe.1212972382B@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu>
>The following appointments of Divisional Commissioners have been
>effected on the 17th April, 1997:-
>1. Mr Dembo Badjie - Permanent Secretary Office of the President, to
>be Commissioner, Lower River Division;
>2. Mr Pa Sallah Jagne - Former Inspector General of Police, to be
>Commissioner, Western Division;
>3. Mr. Lamin Komma - to be Commissioner, North Bank Division;
>4. Mr E.K. Sarr - to be Commissioner, Upper River division;
>
>The present Commissioner, Western Division, Retired captain A.
>Kanteh, will be posted as Commissioner to Central River Division.
>
>With these developments, Commissioner major Momodou Badjie of the URD
>will be redeployed back to the Army and Commissioner Captain Jassey
>of the LRD will retire from the Army and absorbed into the Civil
>service.
THIS ACTION IS LONG OVERDUE. Nonetheless, this is what Gambia needs to be
considered democratic AND NOT USING "ARMORY" TO INTIMIDATE PEOPLE. Let's
hope these former soldier/commissioners will humbly go back to the barracks
and faithfully serve the nation. I'm afraid and God forbids, if the
conditions back at the barracks for them are not as favorable as they are
for being commissioners, I can smell some grudges building up amongst
themselves. Consequently, we can expect the repeat of the heinous and
callous actions of the African soldiers who spend more time designing ways
to overthrow their governments than defending them against the foe.
Anyway, I believe the former commissioner of CRD was some captain Badjie. I
am wondering where he has been reassigned to. If he is the one that had been
moved to URD, who did Kanteh succeed?
Numukunda
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 02 May 1997 12:33:49 -0400
From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Fwd: U.N. Habitat Centre rejects investigation findings
Message-ID: <336A176D.DF470249@earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Copyright 1997 Reuters Ltd. All rights reserved.
The following news report may not be republished or redistributed, in
whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Reuters Ltd.
U.N. Habitat Centre rejects investigation findings
By Manoah Esipisu
NAIROBI, May 2 (Reuter) - The Nairobi-based U.N. Centre for Human
Settlements (Habitat) on Friday rejected as "incorrect in facts and
judgement" a scathing internal probe report that said it urgently needed
a financial and policy overhaul to survive.
"A lot of the allegations have not been substantiated," Wally
N'Dow, U.N. assistant secretary-general for Habitat, told a news
conference in his first public reaction to the report.
"The report has serious errors of fact, serious errors of
judgement. It is not objective in its findings. We have conveyed our
feelings to the (U.N.) secretary-general," N'Dow added.
The report released last Friday by the U.N. office of Internal
Oversight Services led by Karl Paschke of Germany said Habitat had few
financial controls, hired unneeded consultants, assigned staff members
to tasks they did not perform and functioned in a muddled organisational
and policy structure.
"Allowing the current state of affairs to persist for any length of
time into the future would be reprehensible. Accordingly, the situation
of Habitat is serious and should not be allowed to continue," the report
said.
U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan agreed with the findings in the
document, according to his spokesman Fred Eckhard.
The centre was created to study ways of improving the quantity and
quality of housing for people in developing countries. Last June it
organised a conference on the common problems of teeming cities
throughout the world.
A separate report commissioned by Uganda, South Africa, Denmark and
the Netherlands into Habitat also spoke of problems in management,
especially of financial resources, Habitat officials, who declined to be
identified, told Reuters.
Habitat spokeswoman Christina Engfeldt said Habitat would not
publicly respond to that report because it was private.
The U.N. inquiry report cited the case of an official who had been
associated with a consultancy firm frequently awarded important
contracts for projects under his supervision.
"A special investigation into the circumstances leading to this
situation is warranted," the report said.
N'Dow said he had started "major restructuring of senior staff" but
would not say whether employees who had previously abused their Habitat
positions had been punished or would be.
N'Dow, of Gambia, took over the Habitat centre in 1994 in an effort
to give it leadership, but almost immediately had to delegate his
responsibilities to two deputies so he could organise last June's
Conference on Human Settlements in Istanbul.
But their duties were worded in broad terms "and did not delineate
the boundaries of the respective responsibilities, authorities and
accountability," the U.N. report said.
N'Dow said that description was not entirely accurate.
Paschke also criticised personnel policies, the excessive hiring of
consultants, the placing of staff in jobs that did not exist in the
organisation's structure and the exaggeration of duties to justify
classifying a post at a higher level.
He said decisions relating to personnel and finance appeared to be
made behind closed doors with little accountability.
N'Dow made no comment on these accusations. But he said the report
was not a setback and its recommendations would form part of a basis for
continuing reform efforts in the U.N. centre.
The Habitat Centre was set up after the first U.N. conference on
human settlements, in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 02 May 1997 12:34:06 -0400
From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Fwd: Africa-Press Africa: Weekly Press Review
Message-ID: <336A177E.4C2642D8@earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Africa-Press Africa: Weekly Press Review
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA, 05/02/97) - With pressure building on President
Mobutu Sese Seko to resign, some newspapers this week commented on the
latest developments in the troubled central African country.
The Times of Zambia discussed the visit to Kinshasa by United States
Envoy Bill Richardson, apparently to persuade Mobutu to meet rebel
leader Laurent Kabila.
The paper generally welcomed U.S. mediation for an orderly
transition of power. Although U.S. intervention had come late, it said,
it was still worthwhile because of uncertainty as to Kabila's behaviour
if he shot his way to power.
It further advised Richardson to reiterate American's position, "and
this is that President Mobutu must resign" to pave way for a
transitional government.
"This is the only way to stop Kabila and his group from shooting
themselves to power, a prospect that does not promise democracy," it
said.
At the same time, it said Mobutu's government could not be entrusted
with organizing the elections because the administration had been
"virtually rejected by its people."
Therefore, it said: "President Clinton and other progressive forces
should pressure all parties for a transitional administration
comprising all the stakeholders."
Concluding, it said that Mobutu had played his role as the unifying
force that brought order to Zaire after the initial years of ethnic
bloodletting.
"But his time is over. He will be doing himself and his country a
lot of good if he took the honourable exit of stepping down," it said.
Brazzaville's Le Temps said the long search for a suitable place for
the Kabila-Mobutu meeting "was worrying" for those hoping for an end to
a war with incalculable consequences for Zaire and the whole subregion.
"Brazzaville and Kinshasa are separated by a mere river. War in
Kinshasa also means, to a large extent, war in Brazzaville," it said.
Le Temps condemned the silence of Congolese politicians on the
possibility of a war spill-over into the country's capital, an issue
which, it said, should be of utmost national interest.
"When the nation is threatened by external danger, logic requires
that political foes forget their differences and save what they have
in common," it said.
Another Brazzaville paper, Le Republicain, expressed skepticism
about the true mission of Western troops in Congo who, their
governments say, are there in readiness to evacuate their nationals
from Zaire.
"The presence of Western troops, especially French and American, is
meant to conquer the El Dorado (Zaire) with immense natural resources,"
it said.
"The fact that one American-English multinational mining company has
signed a mining contract with the rebels while Kabila has not yet been
elected proves that the foreign troop presence in the subregion is
aimed at [securing] Zaire and Congo's mineral resources," La Semaine
Africaine added.
New Citizen, a paper published in Banjul, commented on the
candidature of Ebrahim Samba, a Gambian, as head of the World Health
Organization.
Samba, a Scottish trained surgeon, is the organization's regional
director for Africa.
"That Dr. Samba did not have much difficulty in landing the African
job is a pointer to the fact that nominating him for the top WHO job is
far from being a quixotic exercise," the New Citizen said.
Samba, it reported, had said that even before he was supported by
Gambia, he had been urged by Western countries to present his
candidature. He had also said that his candidature was based on honesty
and the trust and confidence people have in him.
"Indeed, very few African technocrats can say this openly
themselves. Meaning that Dr. Samba is indeed among a rare breed of
Africans, especially at this juncture in our history, and we certainly
need more of them," it said.
"We, therefore, hope that Dr. Samba's many successes for other
people, not to mention the personal ones (for he is a modest man),
will encourage other Africans, and indeed non-Africans, to emulate him
for the betterment of Africa and the rest of the world," it concluded.
By Olu Sarr, PANA Staff Correspondent
-0-
Copyright 1997
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 21:05:06 +0200
From: momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: NCC Report On-line
Message-ID: <19970502200612.AAA22608@LOCALNAME>
Gambia-l,
You can now read the Report of the National Consultative Committee
on the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council's Programme of
Rectification and Timetable for Transition to Democratic
Constitutional Rule in The Gambia On-line at:
http://home3.inet.tele.dk/mcamara/ncc/
Have a good weekend
Momodou Camara
*******************************************************
http://home3.inet.tele.dk/mcamara
**"Start by doing what's necessary, then what's
possible and suddenly you are doing the impossible"***
------------------------------
Date: 02 May 97 15:53:57 EDT
From: "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM>
To: GAMBIA-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: African First Ladies Mtg: Why not First Spouses?
Message-ID: <970502195357_73244.2701_FHO56-1@CompuServe.COM>
WHY NOT FIRST SPOUSES?
In a way the Abuja Meeting seems quite sexist. It appears to bolster
the role of the woman as a "First Lady". African ladies are just as
capable as men of being heads of state. Liberia has a female head
of state, and I wonder whether her husband (if she is married) was
invited to what should probably be regarded as a "First Spouses
Meeting." Further, even if she is married, it seems befitting to invite
her as Honored Patron because of her historical achievement as
a lady. That seems to be in line with the vision of the 1995 Beijing
conference.
Just musing .....
Sheikh Gibril.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 02 May 1997 20:12:32 -0400
From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net>
To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Fwd: Africa-Press, 1st Lead + *adds comments on Gambia*
Message-ID: <336A82EF.77EE2E51@earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Africa-Press, 1st Lead writethru ED: adds comments ...
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA, 05/02/97) - With pressure building on President
Mobutu Sese Seko to resign, some newspapers this week commented on the
latest developments in the troubled central African country.
The Times of Zambia discussed the visit to Kinshasa by United States
Envoy Bill Richardson, apparently to persuade Mobutu to meet rebel
leader Laurent Kabila.
The paper generally welcomed U.S. mediation for an orderly
transition of power. Although U.S. intervention had come late, it said,
it was still worthwhile because of uncertainty as to Kabila's behaviour
if he shot his way to power.
It further advised Richardson to reiterate American's position, "and
this is that President Mobutu must resign" to pave way for a
transitional government.
"This is the only way to stop Kabila and his group from shooting
themselves to power, a prospect that does not promise democracy," it
said.
At the same time, it said Mobutu's government could not be entrusted
with organizing the elections because the administration had been
"virtually rejected by its people."
Therefore, it said: "President Clinton and other progressive forces
should pressure all parties for a transitional administration
comprising all the stakeholders."
Concluding, it said that Mobutu had played his role as the unifying
force that brought order to Zaire after the initial years of ethnic
bloodletting.
"But his time is over. He will be doing himself and his country a
lot of good if he took the honourable exit of stepping down," it said.
Brazzaville's Le Temps said the long search for a suitable place for
the Kabila-Mobutu meeting "was worrying" for those hoping for an end to
a war with incalculable consequences for Zaire and the whole subregion.
"Brazzaville and Kinshasa are separated by a mere river. War in
Kinshasa also means, to a large extent, war in Brazzaville," it said.
Le Temps condemned the silence of Congolese politicians on the
possibility of a war spill-over into the country's capital, an issue
which, it said, should be of utmost national interest.
"When the nation is threatened by external danger, logic requires
that political foes forget their differences and save what they have
in common," it said.
Another Brazzaville paper, Le Republicain, expressed skepticism
about the true mission of Western troops in Congo who, their
governments say, are there in readiness to evacuate their nationals
from Zaire.
"The presence of Western troops, especially French and American, is
meant to conquer the El Dorado (Zaire) with immense natural resources,"
it said.
"The fact that one American-English multinational mining company has
signed a mining contract with the rebels while Kabila has not yet been
elected proves that the foreign troop presence in the subregion is
aimed at [securing] Zaire and Congo's mineral resources," La Semaine
Africaine added.
On Economic matters, a Gambian paper published in Banjul, the
capital, commented on the recent agreement between Gambia and Senegal
reopening the border hitherto closed to transit trade from Gambia to
third countries in this western-most part of West Africa.
The weekly, The Gambia News and Report, said that small-time
traders, known locally as Bana-Bana, would be the losers of this
agreement.
The deal creates a banking mechanism through which Gambia's transit
trade through Senegal to third countries must now be conducted.
One reason why the transit trade thrived, it noted, was its informal
nature "and it must be admitted that a failure to recognise this
appears apparent in the bank guarantee scheme."
Whether good or bad, workable or not, the agreement, it said, "has
done nothing to solve the problem of the bana-banas, which may perhaps
never be addressed again in view of the gross antipathy against
anything that smacks at smuggling."
The scheme, it added, could eventually mean that the big-time
operators, who resort to the use of bonded warehouses in Gambia, will
be the ones left to engage in the transit trade with similar big
opertors in Senegal.
For the hundreds of other small-time traders from third countries,
illiterate but highly savvy traders, "all they are interested in are
the goods on sale" in Banjul.
"Whether these have already had our customs duty paid on them or not
is of no concern to them. All they know is that the goods are of
sufficient quality and the right price for them to profit in trading it
back home," it said.
The only problem now, it added, was that, being out of the chambers
of commerce and the banking system, the small-time traders of Gambia
and third countries may, in the end, be unable to strike deals.
"Their failure to do this is what can land a death blow to the
transit trade, now so miserably sick from years of border closure," it
said.
"The transit trade, as everyone truly knows, actually depends for
its success more on these hundreds of informal traders and their well
proven traditional ways than on the few who make use of bonded
warehouses and can sit at the chambers of commerce and seek the
guarantee banks have been authorised to give," it said.
New Citizen, another Banjul paper, commented on the candidature of
Ebrahim Samba, a Gambian, as head of the World Health Organization.
Samba, a Scottish trained surgeon, is the organisation's regional
director for Africa.
"That Dr. Samba did not have much difficulty in landing the African
job is a pointer to the fact that nominating him for the top WHO job is
far from being a quixotic exercise," the New Citizen said.
Samba, it reported, had said that even before he was supported by
Gambia, he had been urged by Western countries to present his
candidature. He had also said that his candidature was based on honesty
and the trust and confidence people have in him.
"Indeed, very few African technocrats can say this openly
themselves. Meaning that Dr. Samba is indeed among a rare breed of
Africans, especially at this juncture in our history, and we certainly
need more of them," it said.
"We, therefore, hope that Dr. Samba's many successes for other
people, not to mention the personal ones (for he is a modest man),
will encourage other Africans, and indeed non-Africans, to emulate him
for the betterment of Africa and the rest of the world," it concluded.
By Olu Sarr, PANA Staff Correspondent
-0-
Copyright 1997
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 12:08:44 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Polygamy
Message-ID: <970503120843_2084296409@emout19.mail.aol.com>
Ylva Herlund and Malanding wrote:
<<>
> This discussion on polygamy is very interesting...I was reminded of a
> passage from Birago Diop's Tales of Amadou Koumba, where he writes: "In
> the matter of wives two is not a good number. The man who wants to avoid
> quarrels, shouting, grousing, reproaches, and nasty innuendoes must have
> at least three wives, or else one, but never two. Two women in the same
> house always have with them a third companion, who is not only good for
> nothing, but also happens to be the worst of bad councellors. This
> companion is shrill-voiced Envy, bitter as tamarind
> juice."......Reactions? Ylva
>
>
I like this one Ylva. Thank you.
Malanding
Yeah, l can see where Birago Diop has a point, perhaps the solution here is
to have so many that each wife will find it too tiresome to have to direct
hostility at so many people that they'll all give up and live in harmony.
Jabou
----------------------- Headers --------------------------------
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From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu>
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<gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: Polygamy
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------------------------------
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 18:33:12 +2000
From: mmjeng@image.dk
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Fwd: African Ministers On Boosting Information
Message-ID: <199705031535.RAA30064@ns.image.dk>
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African Ministers Meet Monday On Boosting Information
May 3, 1997
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA) - Efforts to build an Africa information
superhighway get closer to reality Monday when ministers responsible
for economic and social development, and planning meet for four days
beginning Monday to review a report on the implementation of the
African Information Society Initiative.
The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa said Saturday, from
its Addis Ababa headquarters, that attention will be given to the role
of information and communications technologies in promoting trade and
investment.
Another meeting organized by the commission in 1996 decided that, in
the least, each African country needed to be connected to the internet
over two years as a mark of progress in linking Africa to the
superhighway.
The report contains a policy awareness project on the dissemination of
the Information Society's Initiative framework in Africa and beyond.
With government officials, international and regional organizations
interested in information technology as its target groups, the project
is widely distributed in its original and packaged forms for different
audiences in major languages of the region.
A video programme entitled Building Internet to Ethiopia was produced
by the U.N. commission and the World Bank. This was part of the
commission's series on Building Africa's Information Highway -- a
focus on success stories using information and communication
technology from Egypt, Mozambique, Senegal and South Africa.
On Monday, ministers will also note that the commission has developed
a Web site on the Africa Information Society Initiative currently
housed at Bellanet, in Ottawa, Canada.
The society's report states that democratization of access to
information is one of the focus areas it advocates.
Moving access from relatively wealthy urban centres to disadvantaged
communities is the target, the commission said.
An major effort is being formulated to support the Information
Society. It evolves around an appropriate approach to language and
literacy development content, the development or conversion of content
into usable electronic forms.
Others are the definition of learning, evaluation and impact
assessment mechanisms through which best practices could be fed into
future projects; and the impact of new technologies on gender.
A major symposium will take place May 7, involving senior industry
chiefs. This is organized by the commission together with the Global
Information Infrastructure Commission. It is scheduled to be broadcast
live by satellite.
The Information Society Initiative originated from the African
Symposium on Telematics for Development organized by the commission in
1995. This was done in cooperation with the International
Telecommunications Union, the United Nations Education, Science and
Cultural Organization, working through the African Networking
Initiative.
Since then, the initiative has been endorsed by the Organization of
African Unity, African Ministers of Telecommunications and some 29
partner bodies involved in African development.
Greetings.
Matarr M. Jeng.
Copyright =A9 1997 Panafrican News Agency. All Rights
Reserved.
Since then, the initiative has been endorsed by the Organization of
African Unity, African Ministers of Telecommunications and some 29
partner bodies involved in African development.
Copyright =A9 1997 Panafrican News Agency. All Rights
Reserved.
Material may not be redistributed, posted to any other location,
published or used for broadcast without written
authorization from the Panafrican News Agency. B.P. 4056,
Dakar, Senegal. Tel: (221) 24-13-95 | Fax: (221) 24-13-90
| E-mail: quoiset@sonatel.senet.net
[ Daily News | Sports | Economics | Environment | Science &
Health | Weekly Review ]
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 14:07:12 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gunjur@aol.com
To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: RE: POLYGAMY
Message-ID: <970503140712_-1165806352@emout19.mail.aol.com>
Bass wrote:
JABBOU!!
IN A GAMBIA WHERE WOMEN HAVE BEEN ENPOWERED ENOUGH TO HAVE THE
TOOLS AND SKILLS TO TAKE CARE OF AND DEPEND ON THEMSELVES - IN SUCH A
GAMBIA,IT WOULDN'T BE A REQUIREMENT THAT A MAN MUST BE MONEYED BEFORE
THREE WOMEN COULD HAVE HIM AS THEIR PARTNER.IT SOUNDS DISTURBINGLY
CAPITALISTIC TO ME THE SUGGESTION THAT ONLY MEN WITH MONEY SHOULD BE
ALLOWED TO HAVE MULTIPLE FEMALE PARTNERS AT ANY GIVEN TIME.SOME
WELL-TO-DO GAMBIAN MEN ARE VERY INTELLIGENT AND STILL OTHERS HAVE VERY
GOOD QUALITIES (CHARACTER,INTEGRITY,CONSCIENCE AND EVEN PHYSICAL HEALTH
AND ATTRATIVENESS), QUALITIES TOTALLY UNRELATED TO MONEY AND YET
EQUALLY IMPORTANT.SO,REDUCING THE PASS MARK TO ONLY MONEY IS NOT AT ALL
A FARSIGHTED SOLUTION,SAYING NOTHING OF ITS INJUSTICE TO THE MAJORITY
OF MEN AND WOMEN.
REGARDS BASSSS
BASS,
Unfortunately, we do not have a Gambia yet where all the women are self
sufficient. Some of them may be equipped to be so, but a great majority
still lack the education, decent jobs or just plain opportunity to nurture an
entrepreneurial spirit that will enable them to be self sufficient.A large
number still look to their men as the sole source of support for them and
their children. I agree wholeheartedly that there are many a Gambian brother
who are not wealthy, but have all the makings of fine husbands indeed, which
is more important in the long run. But what about the here and now? What
about these women who have to depend on a husband now,and what about the many
men now, who have the many wives and children they cannot afford to have? If
they had weighed the facts before marrying all those wives, they could
clearly see that they will only be causing hardships to the women and
children. Those contemplating this move can and should still consider these
factors and frankly not too many people can afford this.On the other hand,
the women should also consider these factors before agreeing to marry a man
with many wives but, we know that circumstances force many of them to go
ahead anyway.
Jabou
-
SZDD^d'3Af"
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Date: Thu, 02 May 1996 09:11:14 +0300
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From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List
<gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: RE: POLYGAMY
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------------------------------
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 19:13:43 -0400 (EDT)
From: SBarry1035@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Just a Thought
Message-ID: <970503191343_146891524@emout18.mail.aol.com>
Hello everyone,
A friend of mine suggested a wonderful idea which I thought I should run by
the
group. In about three weeks or so, some of our fellow Gambians will travel
across
the country to DC to celebrate African Liberation Day(ALD). They come in
large
numbers.
My friend suggested that this occassion could be an opportunity for Gambia-L
to inform our people of our existence, enable us to recruit and raise fund
for the
education project in the works.
Let me know what you guys think. Gambia-Lers residing in metro DC who will
be
willing to participate let me hear from you.
Regards to all
Sal Barry
301-519-9253
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 03 May 1996 17:12:49 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: African First Ladies Mtg: Why not First Spouses?
Message-ID: <318A1461.1DC3@QATAR.NET.QA>
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Dr. S. G. Kamara wrote:
>
> WHY NOT FIRST SPOUSES?
>
> In a way the Abuja Meeting seems quite sexist. It appears to bolster
> the role of the woman as a "First Lady". African ladies are just as
> capable as men of being heads of state. Liberia has a female head
> of state, and I wonder whether her husband (if she is married) was
> invited to what should probably be regarded as a "First Spouses
> Meeting." Further, even if she is married, it seems befitting to invite
> her as Honored Patron because of her historical achievement as
> a lady. That seems to be in line with the vision of the 1995 Beijing
> conference.
>
> Just musing .....
>
> Sheikh Gibril.
MR.KAMARA!!
ABSOLUTELY CORRECT! KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK DOWN THERE!
REGARDS BASSSS!!
--
SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 4 May 1997 00:56:27 -0400 (EDT)
From: Shieboyc@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Just a Thought
Message-ID: <970504005627_610478130@emout07.mail.aol.com>
I think Mr. Barry's suggestion is very important. I highly welcome the idea.
Most Gambians spend the African Liberation Day partying. Its a day of
enjoyment, but I think there is more to it than that. It should be more of
an educational venture. I think it will also be a good place to inform
brothers and sisters of the educational programmes Gambia-L is up to for our
belove country. Peace
Sheriff
301 9629472
------------------------------
End of GAMBIA-L Digest 66
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gambia-l: LOG9705B - Digest 66
