Note: You must be registered in order to post a reply. To register, click here. Registration is FREE!
|
T O P I C R E V I E W |
Momodou |
Posted - 19 Jun 2021 : 16:19:47 GAMBIA-L Digest 66
Topics covered in this issue include:
1) Shee'a-Sunni divide by umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA 2) Forwarding mail from Pa-Abdou Barrow by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) 3) Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 4) Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide by Gunjur@aol.com 5) Re: Self Introduction by "PA-MAMBUNA O. BOJANG" <paomar@iglou.com> 6) Educational group, Gambia College by =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> 7) POLYGAMY by Andrea Klumpp <klumpp@kar.dec.com> 8) Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 9) Re: POLYGAMY by Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu> 10) Re: POLYGAMY by Gunjur@aol.com 11) CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION by "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM> 12) APPEAL FOR AN (ISP) LOCATION !!! by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 13) Re: POLYGAMY by "Ousman G." <gajigoo@wabash.edu> 14) Fwd: East African Passports. by mmjeng@image.dk 15) Fwd: Africa`s Telecom Union In Dire Straits. by mmjeng@image.dk 16) Re: POLYGAMMY by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> 17) Re: POLYGAMY by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> 18) Re: POLYGAMY by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> 19) Sorry. by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> 20) APPEAL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS !!! by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 21) ISP Search by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> 22) Re: APPEAL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS !!! by fjanneh@juno.com (Fatou K Janneh) 23) Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 24) Fwd: Kenya Based Habitat Center target of U.N. Probe by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 25) Fwd: Mystery Millionaire by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 26) Fwd: Francophone West Africa seek joint peace force by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 27) Fwd: HEALTH: PNEUMONIA VACCINE SUCCESSFULLY TESTED IN GAMBIA by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 28) World Cup Africa Zone Results (fwd) by Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my> 29) legal systems and the principles of morality and justice by "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk> 30) SYSTEM TEST by MAKE THAT VISION A REALITY <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com> 31) Re: POLYGAMY by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 32) Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 33) Re: POLYGAMY by Gunjur@aol.com 34) RE: Polygamy by Andrea Klumpp <klumpp@kar.dec.com> 35) Re: Fwd: Mystery Millionaire by Gunjur@aol.com 36) RE: Polygamy by Gunjur@aol.com 37) Re: POLYGAMY by Gunjur@aol.com 38) Re: POLYGAMY by Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu> 39) Unbearable Whiteness (fwd) by Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu> 40) RE: Polygamy by Ceesay Soffie <Ceesay_Soffie@ems.prc.com> 41) New member -Reply by ANNIE BITTAYE <AB063147@gwmail.kysu.edu> 42) Re: POLYGAMY by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 43) RE: Polygamy by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> 44) New Member by sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum) 45) SUBSCRIBE GAMBIA-L by Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my> 46) New Member by sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum) 47) Re: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION by Abdou Gibba <Abdou.Gibba@smr.uib.no> 48) Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia by "Per E. Grotnes" <perg@nfh.uit.no> 49) RE: Polygamy by "MOMODOU MUSA CEESAY" <LEY5MC1@ccn6.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk> 50) RE: Polygamy by Gunjur@aol.com 51) Dr Sheku Kamara's debut novel by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> 52) New Member -Reply by Sukai Gaye <sg125909@gwmail.kysu.edu> 53) RE: Polygamy by Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu> 54) RE: Polygamy by Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> 55) Re: New Member by umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA 56) Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia by Gunjur@aol.com 57) Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 58) TAMSIR M'BAI by "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk> 59) RE: Polygamy by Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu> 60) Re: Polygamy by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 61) Fwd:Ten African States Creat Tolerance Network. by mmjeng@image.dk 62) Fwd: Diouf Worried By Crippling School Strikes. by mmjeng@image.dk 63) RE: Polygamy by Gunjur@aol.com 64) Re: Polygamy by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 65) Re: Polygamy by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 66) New Member by ASJanneh@aol.com 67) RE: New Member by MAKE THAT VISION A REALITY <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com> 68) RE: POLYGAMY by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 69) RE: Polygamy by Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my> 70) African First Ladies to Meet in Nigeria (fwd) by Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my> 71) Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) 72) Re: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 73) OPINION GAMBIA COLLEGE by Olafiaklinikken Olafia <olafia@online.no> 74) report on Gambia College by =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> 75) Re: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters by "Numukunda Darboe(Mba)" <ndarboe@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu> 76) Fwd: U.N. Habitat Centre rejects investigation findings by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 77) Fwd: Africa-Press Africa: Weekly Press Review by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 78) NCC Report On-line by momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) 79) African First Ladies Mtg: Why not First Spouses? by "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM> 80) Fwd: Africa-Press, 1st Lead + *adds comments on Gambia* by Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> 81) Re: Polygamy by Gunjur@aol.com 82) Fwd: African Ministers On Boosting Information by mmjeng@image.dk 83) RE: POLYGAMY by Gunjur@aol.com 84) Just a Thought by SBarry1035@aol.com 85) Re: African First Ladies Mtg: Why not First Spouses? by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> 86) Re: Just a Thought by Shieboyc@aol.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 02:19:24 -0500 (CDT) From: umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA To: Gambia-l <Gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Shee'a-Sunni divide Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970427012928.15225C-100000@pollux.cc.umanitoba.ca> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Bass! I really feel I should reply to some of the points that you raised about the difference between these two groups. First the difference is not as simple as you put it and there is no way one can simultaneously be both Shee'a and Sunni. Apart from just labels let's look at the meaning of the words. Sunni is taken from the word sunnah (tradition) and it means follower of the tradition of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Shee'a represents those who deffered. The Prophet has said that he is the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate. How about some of the things that he said about Abubakr? I'll give you a couple: He has siad that the faith of Abubakr is more than the faith of all his ummah from his time to the day of judgement. He also said that there is no man in history other than the Prophets of Allah that is better than Abubakr. When the Prophet was at the brink of death (3 days before his death) he did ask Abubakr to lead the people in Prayer i.e., take his place as the Imam. I don't know if these were hints that he wanted Abubakr to be his successor but right after his death there was a big fitna (fight) about who should be his successor and Umar said "who will choose himself above Abubakr?" thus Abubakr became the Amir (leader). Ali, Umar etc were all serving faithfully under Abubakr. The shee'a on the other hand said Ali should be the leader because he is part of AhlilBait as you mentioned. The shee'a got divided into so many sects and among them are people who think that Ali should have been The Prohet and there are some, although a small minority who think Ali is God. Brother Bass you rightfully did mention that the sunnis pray five times daily and the shee'a prayer 3 times. How many prayers did the Prophet Mustapha do and told us to do (at there prescibed times)? Last point I would like to reply to is that the sunni break there fast during Ramadan while travelling and fast same number of days after Ramadan while the shee'a fast while on a journey until midday and pay nothing back after Ramadan. Now look at verse 183 and verse 184 of chapter 2 (Al Baqara), it goes like this, 183: "O you who believe! fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you that you may become Pious", 184: "(Observing Fasting) for a fixed number of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number should be made up from other days......". I guess that's clear so I'll stop there. Thanks very much.
Alieu Jawara. umjawara@cc.umanitoba.ca http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umjawara (204)261-0745
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 11:00:05 +0200 From: momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Forwarding mail from Pa-Abdou Barrow Message-ID: <19970427100422.AAB18646@LOCALNAME>
I CAME ACROSS THIS AND I THOUGHT I COULD SEND IT TO THE LIST.
PA-ABDOU
A Sense of a Goose ------------------
Next fall, when you see geese heading south for the winter, flying along in "V" formation, you might consider what science has discovered as to why they fly that way. As each bird flaps its wings, it creates an uplift for the bird immediately following. By flying in the "V" formation, the whole flock adds at least 71 percent greater flying range than if each bird flew on its own.
People who share a common direction and sense of community can get where they are going more quickly and easily, because they are traveling on the thrust of one another.
When a goose falls out of formation, it suddenly feels the drag and resistance of trying to go it alone - and quickly gets back into formation to take advantage of the lifting power of the bird in front.
If we have as much sense as a goose, we will stay in formation with those people who are headed the way we are.
When the goose gets tired, it rotates back in the wing and another goose flies point.
It is sensible to take turns doing demanding jobs, whether with people or with geese flying south.
Geese honk from behind to encourage those up front to keep up with their speed.
What messages do we give when we honk from behind?
Finally - and this is important - when a goose gets sick or wounded by gunshot, and falls out of formation, two other geese fall out with that goose and follow it down to lend help and protection. They stay with the fallen goose until it is able to fly or until it dies; and only then do they launch out on their own, or with another formation to catch up with their group.
If we have the sense of a goose, we will stand by each other like that.
- Author unknown
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 27 Apr 1996 14:36:49 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide Message-ID: <318206D1.3508@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA wrote: > > Bass! I really feel I should reply to some of the points that you raised > about the difference between these two groups. > First the difference is not as simple as you put it and there is no > way one can simultaneously be both Shee'a and Sunni. Apart from just > labels let's look at the meaning of the words. Sunni is taken from the > word sunnah (tradition) and it means follower of the tradition of > Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Shee'a represents those who deffered. The > Prophet has said that he is the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate. > How about some of the things that he said about Abubakr? I'll give you > a couple: He has siad that the faith of Abubakr is more than the faith > of all his ummah from his time to the day of judgement. He also said > that there is no man in history other than the Prophets of Allah that > is better than Abubakr. When the Prophet was at the brink of death (3 > days before his death) he did ask Abubakr to lead the people in Prayer > i.e., take his place as the Imam. I don't know if these > were hints that he wanted Abubakr to be his successor but right after > his death there was a big fitna (fight) about who should be his successor > and Umar said "who will choose himself above Abubakr?" thus Abubakr became > the Amir (leader). Ali, Umar etc were all serving faithfully under > Abubakr. The shee'a on the other hand said Ali should be the leader > because he is part of AhlilBait as you mentioned. The shee'a got > divided into so many sects and among them are people who think that > Ali should have been The Prohet and there are some, although a small > minority who think Ali is God. > Brother Bass you rightfully did mention that the sunnis pray five > times daily and the shee'a prayer 3 times. How many prayers did the > Prophet Mustapha do and told us to do (at there prescibed times)? > Last point I would like to reply to is that the sunni break there > fast during Ramadan while travelling and fast same number of days > after Ramadan while the shee'a fast while on a journey until midday > and pay nothing back after Ramadan. Now look at verse 183 and verse 184 > of chapter 2 (Al Baqara), it goes like this, 183: "O you who believe! > fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you > that you may become Pious", 184: "(Observing Fasting) for a fixed number > of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number > should be made up from other days......". I guess that's clear so I'll > stop there. Thanks very much. > > Alieu Jawara. > umjawara@cc.umanitoba.ca > http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~umjawara > (204)261-0745 >
MR.JAWARA!! THANKS FOR YOUR RESPONSE.AS I SAID,NO ONE HAS A MONOPOLY ON THE INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM,AND THAT APPLIES TO ME ALSO.AND EVEN THOUGH I CAN STILL ARGUE WITH SOME OF THE POINTS YOU DON'T SEEM TO AGREE WITH IN MY ARTICLE,I WOULD RATHER APPLY THE PRINCIPLE THAT SAYS THAT "Difference Of Opinion Between Moslems Is A Blessing For Them".
THE ONLY POINT I WOULD HOWEVER WANT TO ARGUE WITH YOU ON IS YOUR DENIAL THAT ONE COULD BE SIMULTANEOUSLY A SHIA AND A SUNNI.WHAT YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND IS THAT THE PROPHET WAS NEITHER A SUNNI OR A SHIA BUT JUST A MOSLEM;AND THAT THESE DIFFERENCES CAME AFTER HIM.IN MY UNIVERSITY YEARS,ONE OF THE THINGS WE WERE TAUGHT THAT IT DIFFERENTIATES THE SUNNI FROM THE SHIA IS "TEMPORARY MARRIAGE",PRACTISED BY THE SHIAS AND NOT PRACTISED BY THE SUNNIS,BUT THIS VERY PRACTICE WAS LEGALISED BY SAUDI ARABIA JUST A COUPLE MONTHS AGO.NOW,THERE IS A PROBLEM HERE.EITHER MY PROFESSORS WERE LYING TO ME, OR THE SAUDIS HAVE EXPEDIENTLY CHANGED THE GOAL POST,WHICH BRINGS ME TO MY THESIS THAT SINCE BOTH THESE SECTS BELIEVE IN THE BASIC TENETS OF ISLAM,IT SHOULDN'T MATTER REALLY,ESPECIALLY, FOR US GAMBIANS, WHO IS A SHIA OR WHO IS A SUNNI.BECAUSE THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A CLEAN SHIA OR SUNNI.EACH SIDE STEALS A COUPLE OF THINGS FROM THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FENCE,WHICH TO ME IS INDEED A GOOD THING.
REGARDS BASSSSS!! -- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 15:37:55 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide Message-ID: <970427153754_-1133144262@emout10.mail.aol.com>
Mr. Jawara, Thanks for the very clear points from the holy Qu'ran. Brother Bass has said many incorrect and misleading things in his so called well researched treatise. However, l am waiting for him to complete his address before l reply to it point by point, not with conjecture, but with facts. I believe he promised to tell us why Gambians etc can feel free to be either Sunni or Shi'ite. I'm looking forward to it.
Jabou Joh.
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 16:26:22 -0400 From: "PA-MAMBUNA O. BOJANG" <paomar@iglou.com> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Self Introduction Message-ID: <3363B66E.7FD6@iglou.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
PAUL, WELCOME ABOARD. THE BANTABA CAN GET TENSE AT TIMES, BUT ITS BOTH EDUCATIVE AND INFORMATIONAL. FEEL FREE TO SHARE IDEAS. SAY HI TO OTHER FOLKS OUT THERE.b HOPE TO SEE YOU AT SANG'S GRADUATION (BEREA) IN IN A FEW WEEKS
PA-MAMBUNA Lexington.
Paul Jammeh wrote: > > Hi Gambians & friends of Gambia, > > Though late, please accept my well overdue self introduction as a new > member. Exams are kicking my butt as we head towards the end of the > semester, and there was really no space to let a cat swing. > > Anyway, as a new member, I am most delighted to be part of this > network.Special thanks to Dr. Amadou Janneh for helping list me in this > effective and most profound Gambian "bantaba". Greetings to all of you > from Jacksonville,AL. > > For those of you who don't know me, my name is Paul Dembo Jammeh, a > Gambian, and a 1987 & 1989 st. Augustine's high school graduate.Presently, > I am enrolled in Jacksonville State University, in Jacksonville, Alabama > (NOT FLORIDA).Being here in this remote southern city is becoming fun. We > are nine Gambians, eight of which are attending the same college. We hope > to have more Gambian enrollment by the fall. So please come on board, have > fun, and enjoy the unquestioned Alabama weather. > > Anyway, thanks for the time. > Paul
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 09:48:07 +0200 From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> To: "'gambia'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Educational group, Gambia College Message-ID: <c=DK%a=_%p=DIF%l=DKDIFS02-970428074807Z-1909@dkdifs02.dif.dk> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Friend, Omar S. Saho thanks for the information. Right now I have one of my gambian friends visiting me , and last night I was showing my videos from my latest visit to the Gambia and the Gambia college in 1995. And I can now understand from your visit and information given, that the situation has not been better og improved since those days. I=B4ll gladly join the "education group". Put me on the list and give me more information, please.=20 Asbj=F8rn Nordam=20
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 13:34:55 +0200 From: Andrea Klumpp <klumpp@kar.dec.com> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <33648B5F.4038@kar.dec.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hello Dawda Singateh, Ancha, Jabou and others,
yes, the topic has been discussed vividly for weeks. As I see it, Gambia and the Gambians are undergoing considerable changes, not only of political stuctures, but of many other aspects of life. some of these changes might be obvious and visible (... some even monumental..) but there are many other not so spectacular processes and discussions which are far from being over and the polygamy topic is one of it, I think.
This is why I'm convinced that continued discussion of the issue is important - and we had not yet the pleasure of reading your ideas, as you two are new listmembers. People who are not interested in the topic, can just delete the messages.
Ylva recently posted an announcement of NOW, where a (white) polygamist women is going to speek about the feminist aspect of the custom. I hope that we'll have the chance of reading the speech.
Grown up in a monogamist society, I was longtime aware of the negative aspects of polygamy, only. When I got in touch with Gambians and visited the country I started developing interest in the advantages, which must be there, because otherwise it would not have been practiced such a long time.
The first thing, I came across was the partial freedom women could have by sharing their husband. I mean, men can be very time- energy- and work intensive (and sometimes money intensive, too). It could be a relief to have a break from martial duties.
Concerning decision making, I could imagine, that - at least if the households are seperate, which is more frequent in the urban areas, I think - women have more freedom concerning decision making, as the husband is not always there, i.e. the wifes are the "chiefs" during the time when their husband is with another wife.
And then I thought of the power which could be achieved by the wifes: if they agree and harmonize with each other, they could easily control their husband.
Please bear with my theoretical "outsider's" views!
I think we agree that polygamy is often interpreted and practiced in a way it was not meant to be, often (if not ususally) at the cost of women's and childrens emotions, feeding, clothing and education, using religious justifications ... What do you think about the advantages and disadvantages of polygamy? What do women think? In the previous discussion somebody stated that many Gambian women would prefer to take a married man, if they had to choose between a married and a single man. Do you agree? I would particularly like to know the advantages for the wifes - as those for men are quite obvious. How could an ideal polygamist relationship look like? What are the reasons for breaking with the tradition, which became, according to Dawda Singateh a tendency in the Gambia?
Oh jeh, many questions - thanks for replies and for reading through!
Regards,
Andrea
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 1996 14:42:06 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Shee'a-Sunni divide Message-ID: <3183598E.671E@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Gunjur@aol.com wrote: > > Mr. Jawara, > Thanks for the very clear points from the holy Qu'ran. Brother Bass has said > many incorrect and misleading things in his so called well researched > treatise. However, l am waiting for him to complete his address before l > reply to it point by point, not with conjecture, but with facts. I believe he > promised to tell us why Gambians etc can feel free to be either Sunni or > Shi'ite. I'm looking forward to it. > > Jabou Joh.
JABBOU!! PERHAPS YOU SHOULD JUST GO AHEAD AND WRITE YOUR OBJECTIONS TO WHAT I HAVE ALREADY WRITTEN, BECAUSE I HAVE AT PRESENT A LOT OF TRANSLATION WORK TO DO FOR MY WORKPLACE,SO THAT THE GAMBIAN EPISODE WILL BE INEVITABLY DELAYED.BUT I MUST SAY HERE A COUPLE OF THINGS THAT DON'T NEED ANY RESEARCH AT ALL,GOOD OR BAD.
THAT BECAUSE GAMBIA IS A SECULAR,DEMOCRATIC,MULTI-ETHNIC,MULTI-RELIGIOUS AND MULTI-SECT COUNTRY, EVERYONE SHOULD,MUST AND WILL BE FREE TO FOLLOW WHATEVER CREED ONE WANTS, WITHOUT RUNNING THE RISK OF BEING HOUNDED AND TAUNTED BY THE ZEALOTS.THIS IS WHAT I BELIEVE IN,AND I KNOW THAT THAT IS THE WAY THE MAJORITY OF GAMBIANS FEEL IN THEIR HEART OF HEARTS,AND I WOULD LIKE TO BELIEVE THAT, EVEN THOUGH YOU TEDENTIOUSLY SOUND LIKE SOMEONE WHO HATES THE SHIAS,YOU DO IT FOR THE SAKE OF CONTRIBUTING TO THE INTELLECTUAL DISCUSSION ,AND NOT THAT YOU WOULD REALLY BE HOSTILE TO OTHER GAMBIANS SIMPLY BECAUSE THEY DON'T AGREE WITH YOUR BRAND OF ISLAM.
REGARDS BASSSSS!!!
-- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 08:21:05 -0700 (PDT) From: Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu> To: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <Pine.A41.3.95b.970428081935.44592F-100000@dante05.u.washington.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Andrea, Interesting questions...I love the Freudian slip typo: " Martial" instead of "marital" duties :) best, Ylva PS Will forward the NOW speech if someone e-mails it to me....
On Mon, 28 Apr 1997, Andrea Klumpp wrote:
> Hello Dawda Singateh, Ancha, Jabou and others, > > yes, the topic has been discussed vividly for weeks. As I see it, Gambia > and the Gambians are undergoing considerable changes, not only of > political stuctures, but of many other aspects of life. some of these > changes might be obvious and visible (... some even monumental..) but > there are many other not so spectacular processes and discussions which > are far from being over and the polygamy topic is one of it, I think. > > This is why I'm convinced that continued discussion of the issue is > important - and we had not yet the pleasure of reading your ideas, as > you two are new listmembers. People who are not interested in the > topic, can just delete the messages. > > Ylva recently posted an announcement of NOW, where a (white) polygamist > women is going to speek about the feminist aspect of the custom. I hope > that we'll have the chance of reading the speech. > > Grown up in a monogamist society, I was longtime aware of the negative > aspects of polygamy, only. When I got in touch with Gambians and visited > the country I started developing interest in the advantages, which must > be there, because otherwise it would not have been practiced such a long > time. > > The first thing, I came across was the partial freedom women could have > by sharing their husband. I mean, men can be very time- energy- and work > intensive (and sometimes money intensive, too). It could be a relief to > have a break from martial duties. > > Concerning decision making, I could imagine, that - at least if the > households are seperate, which is more frequent in the urban areas, I > think - women have more freedom concerning decision making, as the > husband is not always there, i.e. the wifes are the "chiefs" during the > time when their husband is with another wife. > > And then I thought of the power which could be achieved by the wifes: if > they agree and harmonize with each other, they could easily control > their husband. > > Please bear with my theoretical "outsider's" views! > > I think we agree that polygamy is often interpreted and practiced in a > way it was not meant to be, often (if not ususally) at the cost of > women's and childrens emotions, feeding, clothing and education, using > religious justifications ... What do you think about the advantages and > disadvantages of polygamy? What do women think? In the previous > discussion somebody stated that many Gambian women would prefer to take > a married man, if they had to choose between a married and a single man. > Do you agree? I would particularly like to know the advantages for the > wifes - as those for men are quite obvious. How could an ideal > polygamist relationship look like? What are the reasons for breaking > with the tradition, which became, according to Dawda Singateh a tendency > in the Gambia? > > Oh jeh, many questions - thanks for replies and for reading through! > > Regards, > > Andrea >
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 13:21:12 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <970428132111_-1031744389@emout16.mail.aol.com>
Andrea' In my younger years and up to a few years ago, I couldn't imagine myself in a polygamous relationship even though l grew up in one. In my family, l had the opportunity to observe the practice and see both the advantages and disadvantages. On the negative side, there is much competition, jealousy , pettiness and distrust but there are can be many good things. E.g my father's senior wife was a mid-wife per excellence (something she learned from her mother) and delivered all my mothers babies.I had a huge family and my dad provided food for all his employees(he was a peanut trader up river) and l think that if one woman had to handle the amount of work involved without an occasional break, they probably wouldn't live very long. I also share your view that it is a great advantage to be able to get one's husband out of your hair for a few days (sorry guys, no offence meant). Living with husbands, especially traditional African husbands can be very demanding on a woman and one can at least feel "free" for a while if there's another wife they can go to. I have been very surprised by my own views on this issue now.I first realized this when l had to move to the capital city in Botswana with our kids for educational purposes, and without my former husband.I thought l would be terribly lonely but found that l thoroughly enjoyed the time l had alone. I know that now, if l had to share a husband, l would not mind that at all provided that there is a certain level of maturity exercised by all involved. I would not want to have to deal with unecessary hassles. I think the main ingredient here would be self confidence and a good sense of what you want to accomplish in life.If every body in the relationship . If the wives cooperate, l think they can do much to make sure that all are treated fairly.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: 28 Apr 97 14:39:19 EDT From: "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM> To: GAMBIA-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION Message-ID: <970428183918_73244.2701_FHO63-2@CompuServe.COM>
FYI
---------- Forwarded Message ----------
From: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues, INTERNET:LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU TO: "LEONENET", INTERNET:LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU DATE: 4/26/97 12:45 AM
RE: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
Sender: owner-leonenet@MITVMA.MIT.EDU Received: from VMS.DC.LSOFT.COM (vms.dc.lsoft.com [206.241.12.2]) by arl-img-6.compuserve.com (8.6.10/5.950515) id AAA14283; Sat, 26 Apr 1997 00:45:41 -0400 Received: from vms.dc.lsoft.com by VMS.DC.LSOFT.COM (LSMTP for OpenVMS v1.1a) with SMTP id <4.A0669799@VMS.DC.LSOFT.COM>; Sat, 26 Apr 1997 0:45:39 -0500 Received: from MITVMA.MIT.EDU by MITVMA.MIT.EDU (LISTSERV release 1.8c) with NJE id 4962 for LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU; Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:41:57 -0400 Received: from MITVMA (NJE origin SMTP@MITVMA) by MITVMA.MIT.EDU (LMail V1.2b/1.8b) with BSMTP id 6860; Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:29:55 -0400 Received: from travelers.mail.cornell.edu by mitvma.mit.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R3) with TCP; Fri, 25 Apr 97 21:29:52 EDT Received: from travelers.mail.cornell.edu (TRAVELERS.MAIL.CORNELL.EDU [132.236.56.13]) by travelers.mail.cornell.edu (8.7.5/8.7.3) with SMTP id VAA02461; Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:28:37 -0400 (EDT) X-Sender: mi14@travelers.mail.cornell.edu MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970425212249.1148B-100000@travelers.mail.cornell.edu> Date: Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:28:37 -0400 Reply-To: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues <LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU> Sender: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues <LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU> From: Ibe Ibeike-Jonah <mi14@CORNELL.EDU> Subject: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION Comments: To: OKYEAME@ATHENA.MIT.EDU Comments: cc: LSA-L@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU, SENEGA-L@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT, gr@pbs.port.ac.uk, okyeame@MITVMA.MIT.EDU To: LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU
*** IMPORTANT, PLS READ ***
CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
In the more than three decades since the bulk of African countries gained independence from colonial rule, few African rulers have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed themselves to be defeated in an election. Unsurprisingly, an overwhelming majority of these rulers have either been forced out of office through popular revolt, armed insurrection, and coup d'etat, or died in office after being too sick and senile to sign even their signatures. Indeed, political succession has remained undoubtedly one of post-colonial Africa's Achilles heels. The consequences of this state of affairs are legion, and have been all too disastrous for the continent. Many countries have known no political stability --an essential condition for any meaningful development to take place -- as a chain of individual rulers have, without scruples, battled and decimated their own populace just to remain in power; economies, upon which the welfare of the people depends, have been ruined leaving in place a desolate economic landscape that invites only the worst speculative activities and merchants of death; precious unrenewable resources have continually been wasted in pursuit of the mirage of staying in power indefinitely; countless number of people have been uprooted and displaced from their homes and reduced, as it were, to becoming food aid junkies in refugee camps. Most portentous of all, the countries have been robbed the dynamism and renewed vigor that come from the ascendance to power of much younger, energetic leadership.
As we approach the 21st century, it behooves us (Africans) to devise creative and ground-breaking ways to address this hydra- headed problem. We need to create conditions to encourage African heads of state to graciously hand over power to an elected successor. This calls, among other things, for the establishment of a Pan-African Senate consisting of former African heads of state who have either allowed themselves to be defeated at the polls (like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of Benin), or handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria and Julius Maada Bio of Sierra Leone), or retired in conditions of pluralism and the open society (like Leopold Senghor of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania, and Nelson "Madiba" Mandela of South Africa who will be retiring in 1999 after a most glorious and distinguished political career).
The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet substantial purposes: (1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic statesmen and women. (2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa. (3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing".
The idea for the creation of a Pan-African Senate to serve the above objectives comes from Professor Ali Mazrui. It may not be a sure-fire recipe to cure all of Africa's political succession woes, but it sure is a significant step toward fruitfully dealing with the problem. If such an institution was in place a long time ago, it could have arguably helped to prevent some of the worst crisis afflicting African countries today. If Mobutu had voluntarily vacated the presidency 20 years ago, Zairians would have been spared the anguish, trauma and poverty visited on them by 32 years of Mobutuism; if Babangida had graciously handed over power to the presumed winner of the 1993 presidential elections, the current imbroglio Nigeria is enmeshed in could have been avoided; and if current rulers of Gabon, Kenya, Togo, Cameroon, etc. voluntarily relinquish power, their respective countries would be spared the aggravation of forceful change in leadership.
This is why you or your organization should sign the letter below to be sent to all African foreign ministers and heads of state asking them to include the formation of an African Senate as one of their agenda items in their upcoming annual meeting. The OAU council of ministers will meet from May 28-30, and the heads of state summit from June 2-4, 1997 at Harare Zimbabwe.
Append your name by cc mi14@cornell.edu Feel free to distribute widely and send hardcopy signatories for collation to: P. O. Box 4868, Ithaca NY 14852, USA.
Ibe Ibeike-Jonah
---------------------------------------------------------- April 25, 1997
President Robert G. Mugabe Incoming Organization of African Unity (OAU) Chairman Munhumutapa Bldg. Samora Machel Avenue Private Bag 7700, Causeway Harare, Zimbabwe
Dear President Mugabe,
Creation of a Pan-African Senate
In the more than thirty years since the bulk of African countries attained independence from colonial rule, few African heads of state have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed themselves to be defeated in an election. An inordinate number of African rulers have either been forced out of office through armed revolt and coup d'etat, or died in office after a protracted illness that almost always paralyze the affairs of the state. Indeed, political succession has remained one of Africa's Achilles heels.
Conscious of the immense disastrous political and economic consequences that ensue from the penchant of rulers to indefinitely stay in office, mindful of the universal and fervent desire of African people to creatively rise to the challenge of solving the problems confronting the continent as we approach the next century; and recognizing the need to create conditions that will enable African rulers to graciously yield power to an elected successor; we, the undersigned Africans, friends of Africa and organizations recommend and call on the Organization of African Unity (OAU) Council of Ministers and Heads of Government to include as an agenda item in their scheduled annual summit meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe the prompt establishment of a Pan-African Senate consisting precisely of former African heads of state (and those who follow in their footsteps) who have: (i) either willingly and gracefully accepted electoral defeat at the polls (like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of Benin); (ii) or handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria and Julius Bio of Sierra Leone); (iii) or retired in conditions of pluralism and the open society (like Leopold Senghor of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania, and Nelson "Madiba" Mandela of South Africa who has announced he will be retiring in 1999 after a most distinguished political career).
The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet substantial purposes: (1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic statesmen and women. (2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa. (3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing".
We hope that the OAU Council of Ministers and Presidents will heed our clarion call for the establishment of a Pan-African Senate which, we believe, will significantly address the sore emanating from the problem of political succession in Africa.
Sincerely,
signed
(001) Ibe Ibeike-Jonah, Ithaca NY (Nigerian) (002) Prof. Ali Mazrui, Director Global Cultural Studies, SUNY Binghamton NY (003) Ed Mabaya, Mutare Zimbabwe (004) Krishna Rao, New Delhi India (005) Gibson Guvheya, Masvingo, Zimbabwean (006) Dr Michel Del Buono, Cornell University/World Bank (007) Araz Mekhtiev, Baku Azerbaijan (008) Prof. Muna Ndulo, Cornell Law School, Ithaca (Zambian) (009) (010) (011) (012) (013) (014) (015) (016) (017) (018) (019) (020) .... .... .... Cc: - President Paul Biya of Cameroon, Outgoing OAU Chairman - All African Heads of State - Dr Stanislaus Mudenge, Zimbabwean Foreign Minister - All African Foreign Ministers - Dr Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Secretary-General - Mr Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General - Chief Emeka Anyaoku, Commonwealth of Nations Secretary-General - Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, former President of Tanzania - Kenneth Kaunda, former President of Zambia - Olusegun Obasanjo, former Head of State of Nigeria - Leopold Senghor, former President of Senegal - Nicephore Soglo, former President of Benin Republic - Julius Maada Bio, former Head of State of Sierra Leone - Ibrahima Sy, OAU Representative to the UN - Edouard E. Benjamin, ECOWAS Executive Secretary - Kaire Mbuende, SADC Executive Secretary - K. Y. Amoako, ECA Executive Secretary - All African Media Outlets - All African Non-governmental Organizations
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 1996 21:45:56 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU Subject: APPEAL FOR AN (ISP) LOCATION !!! Message-ID: <3183BCE4.7808@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
ABDOU wrote: > > Hi Folks, > I spoke to Sankung today and he promised to try and send us some > more issues through his own private, undisconnected account. > As you know, I appealed to the list for help in locating an ISP > with a public X.25 interface and have received none so far. As I am > preparing for exams, I am doubtful that I can spend more than a little > time on this search. > Thanks and bye for now, > -Abdou. > > ******************************************************************************* > A.TOURAY > Computer Science > Columbia University > New York, NY 10027 > > MY URL ON THE WWW= http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~at137 > > A FINITE IN A LAND OF INFINITY. > SEEKING BUT THE REACHABLE. > I WANDER AND I WONDER. > ALAS, ALL RESPITE IS FINAL. > *******************************************************************************
HELLO EVERYONE OUT THERE!!! please,please,heed the call that Abdou is making,and help him locate the ISP needed.Abdou and others are our Scientists,and if they can't get the tools to do the job,our Observer Online Project would be heading for a dangerous standstill.So,please,please everyone help!!
REGARDS BASSSS!! -- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
-- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 14:05:43 -0500 (EST) From: "Ousman G." <gajigoo@wabash.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <6BE23D4589@scholar.wabash.edu> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
> I think we agree that polygamy is often interpreted and practiced in > a way it was not meant to be, often (if not ususally) at the cost of > women's and childrens emotions, feeding, clothing and education, > using religious justifications ... What do you think about the > advantages and disadvantages of polygamy? What do women think? In > the previous discussion somebody stated that many Gambian women > would prefer to take a married man, if they had to choose between a > married and a single man. Do you agree? I would particularly like to > know the advantages for the wifes - as those for men are quite > obvious. How could an ideal polygamist relationship look like? What > are the reasons for breaking with the tradition, which became, > according to Dawda Singateh a tendency in the Gambia?
If there is any advantage to polygamy, then it is neglible compared to its ill effects. Having been raised in a polygamous family most of my life, I know at first hand how this affect the children and the emotional effect on the wife who falls out of favor with the huusban. I personally find it hard to believe that nowadays there is any advantage to polygamy except for sexual fullfilment. The children's welfare should be primary concern for adults before venturing into polygamy. I think there should some legislature in place limiting polygamy to only two wives. Having three, four, etc, is just plain excessive and absurd. Polygamy may have had some merits generations ago, but not in today's lifestyle.
Thanks.
Ousman
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 22:18:21 +2000 From: mmjeng@image.dk To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Fwd: East African Passports. Message-ID: <199704281956.VAA27336@ns.image.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
East African Passports To Be Launched Tuesday
Apr. 28, 1997
Sam Mugo PANA Correspondent
NAIROBI, Kenya (PANA) - All is set for the launch Tuesday in Arusha, Tanzania, of the East African passport for use in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda under their revived sub-regional cooperation scheme.
The passports will be officially put into circulation by Presidents Daniel Arap Moi of Kenya, Benjamin William Mkapa of Tanzania and Yoweri Kaguta Museveni of Uganda at a ceremony in the northern Tanzanian tourist town.
Besides the introduction of the passports, the three leaders will also unveil a Sub-regional flag, to signify the renewal of cooperation between the three states in March 1996.
Tuesday's event will be part of an East African summit at which the leaders will discuss a three-year development strategy aimed at enhancing cooperation and assess the progress attained over the past year.
The agenda of summit will include the 1997-98 budget of the secretariat of the Cooperation based in Arusha, Tanzania, reports on employment and labour movement and the state of relations between the European Union and the 71-nation African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP).
The three leaders will also examine a report covering the consultations of the vice-chancellors of East African universities.
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda had a thriving economic community created in 1967 and operated joint railway, airline, customs, research as well as a legislature.
The community was officially dissolved in 1983 after being strangulated by political differences which started with the January 1971 military coup d'etat in Uganda.
Greetings. Matarr M. Jeng http://www.image.dk/~mmjeng/
---------------------------------------------------------------------- --
Copyright =A9 1997 The Panafrican News Agency. All Rights Reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 22:18:21 +2000 From: mmjeng@image.dk To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Fwd: Africa`s Telecom Union In Dire Straits. Message-ID: <199704281956.VAA27331@ns.image.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
Africa's Telecom Union In Dire Straits
Apr. 28, 1997
Sam Mugo PANA Correspondent
NAIROBI, Kenya (PANA) - A high level meeting of the Pan African Telecommunications Union (Patu) opened in Nairobi on Monday with a call on member countries to pay their outstanding dues to enable it complete its programmes on time.
Opening the joint administrative council high level committee and experts meeting, Kenya's Permanent Secretary for Transport and Communications, Stanley Murage, insisted on the need to give the union the financial resources and infrastructure needed for its restructuring.
He said funds were required to enable the union cope with the fast-changing technology under the ongoing globalisation of telecommunication networks and services.
Murage said a revitalised Patu needs to address not only issues concerning individual member-countries but also matters of regional importance pending on the continent as a whole.
He said that the rapid changes have not only affected economic development internationally, but have also impacted on management, operations and regulation of telecommunications. He said Africa must take cognisance of these trends and adopt suitable strategies to enhance its position in these fields.
Murage recalled that a Patu conference held in Kampala, Uganda in 1994 had established the high level committee to study and make recommendations on the restructuring of the union.
He commended the committee drawn from Patu five regions for completing its task making it possible for participants in Nairobi to consider the report and recommendations.
Patu's administrative council chairman, H. Katema lamented that the Kinshasa-based Patu secretariat had been operating under extremely difficult financial and communications conditions.
And yet, he said, the union has the potential of becoming a sure avenue for achieving an integrated telecommunications network for the entire African region.
The one-week conference attracted participants from 19 Patu member-states, representing Africa's five geographical regions.
They came from Egypt and Tunisia (North Africa); Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger and Nigeria (West Africa); Cameroon, Central Africa republic, Congo and Zaire (Central Africa); Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania (East Africa) and Swaziland and Zambia (Southern Africa).
Greetings. Matarr M. Jeng. Http://image.dk/~mmjeng/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- --
Copyright =A9 1997 The Panafrican News Agency. All Rights Reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 17:55:40 -0400 (EDT) From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: POLYGAMMY Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704281712.A17515-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hello Jabou, Thanks for the info. I already recieved a lot of info from Tony about previous discussions the group has before I became a part of it. I agree with you that a man cannot treat two women the same way..I don't think that it is humanly possible. there will always be a favourite, due to compatibility etc. The man might think that he's treating them the same way cause non of the women is complaining. Only the women know different. This is even more true esp. when the woman comes from a family in which "women should respect their husbands and obey them" ie " be seen and not heard". I also think that you're right in saying that it is a lesson from God esp. when these men find out that having more than one wife is more than they can handle, ie, they don't have enough money to take care of both their wives and their children properly or it causing them a lot more stress than they had anticipated, etc. I think a major problem is to educate women at home,.......esp. the fact that they do not have to depend on a man to take care of them,....they can do it by themselves. Because I do think that some women become 2nd, 3rd etc wife because thay want to be taken cared of........not having any "marketable" skills that will enable them to care of themselves or do things for themselves. I hope most of it will end cause I've seen a lot of pain, not only with the wives but mostly the children, most of whom, due to their mothers dislike for the "other wife/wives", influence their childrens feelings towards the "other children". I'm sure there are some good polygammous marriages out there and I might be wrong about this, but I just feel there's more bad coming from these marriages than good. Am I wrong about this?? Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 18:55:49 -0400 (EDT) From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704281828.A17515-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
On Mon, 28 Apr 1997, Ousman G. wrote: > > If there is any advantage to polygamy, then it is neglible compared > to its ill effects. Having been raised in a polygamous family most of > my life, I know at first hand how this affect the children and the emotional > effect on the wife who falls out of favor with the huusban. I > personally find it hard to believe that nowadays there is any > advantage to polygamy except for sexual fullfilment. The children's > welfare should be primary concern for adults before venturing into > polygamy. I think there should some legislature in place limiting > polygamy to only two wives. Having three, four, etc, is just plain > excessive and absurd. Polygamy may have had some merits > generations ago, but not in today's lifestyle. > > Thanks. > > Ousman
I have to agree with Ousman that polygammy should be limited to two wives, since I believe that trying to eliminate it is............... If one has to look at it from the womens point of view that Andrea and Jabou pointed out ie African husbands are harder to deal with, needing time for yourself after all the stress etc, then I can see how it can be advantageous. BUT this is only true if all the women involved are mature enough to handle the situation......which isn't often the case. The problem is that some the women invole can be petty and catty. The friends of one wife form a gang and in favour of their friend backbite the other wife/wives, make obscene calls to her or even go to the extend to attacking her physically !!! all of which is absurd, ridiculous and childish. It's like saying "you have to suffer cause you're not part of us". This sort of attitude shouldn't even be tolerated when it comes to kids rather than adults. When it comes to the stress involved with being married to a Gambian/ African man, I think a lot of it has something to do with the fact that you are married to the whole family and not just the man. Sometimes, His extended family interfers with your marriage, giving you advice and telling you what and what not to do. I know it's hard, because most of us tend to listen to advice from our families and instead of treating it just as advice and seeing if it's necessary to act on it in our particular situation, some people act on it, just as a sign of respect, or just to make them feel that even though we're married what they say still matters. I guess this is where a husband and a wife have to be open with each other. I think that some times Husbands should be told about things like these, but there are women who think they shouldn't bother their husbands with troubles that they ( the wife) is having with the interferences of their husbands family. This kind of stress can build up, making one feel angry and frustrated. But I think that being husband and wife doesn't mean being stuck together all the time. I think both should be able to make time inorder to do things away from each other.......no I'n not saying that it's easy, just that it is possible and should be encouraged. hence I don't think that one needs the presence of another wife to make this a possibility. If a woman can make the sacrifice of being with one man for the rest of her life I don't see why a man cannot do the same!!! I'll stop here and see what everyone has to say. Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 19:09:08 -0400 (EDT) From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704281828.A17515-0100000-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
I agree with Ousman that polygammy should be limited to two wives, since I believe that trying to eliminate it is............... If one has to look at it from the womens point of view that Andrea and Jabou pointed out ie African husbands are harder to deal with, needing time for yourself after all the stress etc, then I can see how it can be advantageous. BUT this is only true if all the women involved are mature enough to handle the situation......which isn't often the case. The problem is that some the women invole can be petty and catty. The friends of one wife form a gang and in favour of their friend backbite the other wife/wives, make obscene calls to her or even go to the extend to attacking her physically !!! all of which is absurd, ridiculous and childish. It's like saying "you have to suffer cause you're not part of us". This sort of attitude shouldn't even be tolerated when it comes to kids rather than adults. When it comes to the stress involved with being married to a Gambian/ African man, I think a lot of it has something to do with the fact that you are married to the whole family and not just the man. Sometimes, His extended family interfers with your marriage, giving you advice and telling you what and what not to do. Not that this is a bad thing but that they sometimes tend to overdo it. I know it's hard, because most of us tend to listen to advice from our families and instead of treating it just as advice and seeing if it's necessary to act on it in our particular situation, some people act on it, just as a sign of respect, or just to make them feel that even though we're married what they say still matters. I guess this is where a husband and a wife have to be open with each other. I think that some times Husbands should be told about things like these, but there are women who think they shouldn't bother their husbands with troubles that they ( the wife) is having with the interferences of their husbands family. This kind of stress can build up, making one feel angry and frustrated. But I think that being husband and wife doesn't mean being stuck together all the time. I think both should be able to make time inorder to do things away from each other.......no I'n not saying that it's easy, just that it is possible and should be encouraged. hence I don't think that one needs the presence of another wife to make this a possibility. If a woman can make the sacrifice of being with one man for the rest of her life I don't see why a man cannot do the same!!! I'll stop here and see what everyone has to say. Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 19:30:38 -0400 (EDT) From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Sorry. Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704281952.A28359-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
sorry guys I just realised that i sent that message twice.....oooooops!!! Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 1996 22:08:05 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU Subject: APPEAL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS !!! Message-ID: <3183C215.6AFF@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
ndeye marie njie, ndeye.marie.njie@postbox.acs.ohio-state.edu wrote: > > Team, > I think that it is a good idea for the committee members to pay their $20 > subscription fee now so that we have money to pay for the IRS registration. > I'm willing to put in my payment now. BUT because the preliminary funds to > set up the project was not something we discussed/thought about when we set > up the committee, I don't feel that every committee member should be > obligated to pay their subscription now. If you want to pay your > subscription now, do so because you believe in the success of this project > and are committed to it, but don't do it because you feel obligated to (i.e > everyone is doing it so you feel you have to too). > I feel I have to say this since we had never discussed this aspect of the > project before. > > On the same note, I am not comfortable with the idea of accepting payments > from the rest of Gambia-l until we can give them what they are paying for. > We need to be very cautious about accepting payment for something that we > cannot provide yet!!! This is my opinion however if the majority of the > committee think/feel differently, please voice it, so we can make some sort > of decision. > > Ndey, when you do fine the time, please address Momodou Jagana's question > about the bank account, and if it's feasible for us to send the payment, and > when and where. > > Thanks again for your cooperation. > > N'Deye Marie > > ----------------------------------- > N'Deye Marie N'Jie > Graduate Research Associate > The Ohio State University > 260 Agricultural Engineering Bldg > 590 Woody Hayes Drive > Columbus, OH 43210 > > Fax: (614)292-9448 > Phone: (614) 688-3445 (W) > E-mail: njie.1@osu.edu
HELLO NDEY!! FIRST OF ALL,I NEED EITHER YOUR POSTAL ADDRESS OR THAT OF NDEY DRAMMEH, SO THAT I CAN SEND MY TWENTY-DOLLAR DRAFT.AND SECONDLY,EVEN THOUGH YOUR CONCERNS ARE WELL FOUNDED,WE MUST RECOGNIZE THE HARD FACT THAT WITHOUT SOME BUCKS IN ITS ACOUNT,THE GAMBIANET WILL BE NOTHING BUT A MERE TALKING SHOP,SO OBSERVER OR NO OBSERVER, ALL OF US WHO CAN PAY THE TWENTY BUCKS SHOULD AND MUST PAY NOW,SO THAT IF WE WANT TO DO SOMETHING ELSE,YOU THE PEOPLE DOWN THERE CAN DO IT QUICKLY WITHOUT HAVING TO WAIT FOR BITS AND PIECES OF SUBSCRIBTIONS COMING PIECEMEAL FROM AROUND THE GLOBE.WE MUST NOT ALLOW OURSELVES TO BE LIMITED AND DEFINED BY THE OBSERVER PROJECT,IF IT FAILS,AND I AM PRAYING THAT THAT WILL NOT HAPPEN,WE WILL HAVE TO TRY THE POINT AND FOROYAAA.
SO,PLEASE GIVE THE ADDRESS SO THAT THOSE OF US WHO CAN PAY NOW,SEND THEIR SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THAT ADDRESS.AND PLEASE,BE REST ASSURED THAT WE HAVE TOTAL CONFIDENCE IN YOU PEOPLE AND WE APPRECIATE ALL THE EFFORTS YOU ARE MAKING TO MAKE THIS PROJECT A SUCCESS.
REGARDS BASSSS!!
-- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:02:52 -0400 (EDT) From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: ISP Search Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.95L.970429000115.3920A-100000@terve.cc.columbia.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hi folks, If you were thinking of helping to search for an ISP, you need not to anymore as one has already been found by Sankung. Thanks, -Abdou.
******************************************************************************* A.TOURAY Computer Science Columbia University New York, NY 10027
MY URL ON THE WWW= http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~at137
A FINITE IN A LAND OF INFINITY. SEEKING BUT THE REACHABLE. I WANDER AND I WONDER. ALAS, ALL RESPITE IS FINAL. *******************************************************************************
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:13:29 EDT From: fjanneh@juno.com (Fatou K Janneh) To: KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA Cc: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: APPEAL FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS !!! Message-ID: <19970429.000924.13982.0.FJanneh@juno.com>
Gambia-l:
Amadou and I missed the "bantaba" for a while due to our busy schedules (not unlike many List members). We are therefore not up-to-date on the "Observer" subscription issue and don't have the time to read all of the messages received over the past several weeks.
However, Amadou pledged $50 and we would like to send that to whoever is responsible for collecting the funds. Please let us know where to send the money.
Fatou K. Scattred -Janneh Knoxville, TN
"Learning Without Virtue Is Like Pearls on a Dunghill" (forgot the source)
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:26:02 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia Message-ID: <3365785A.3EC3@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia
GENEVA (April 25) XINHUA - A large field trial in Gambia has shown that a conjugate vaccine against the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) prevents both pneumonia and meningitis resulting from this bacterium in young children. This information was contained in a press release by the World Health Organization (WHO) today. In the trial, 42,848 infants were assigned at random to receive either the Hib polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) mixed with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP), or DTP alone (the control group) at ages two, three and four months. Children in the study who developed meningitis or pneumonia were investigated to see if it was due to the Hib bacterium. By the end of the study, 50 cases, proven by bacterial culture, had been identified among children in the study. There were 20 cases among children who had received three doses of vaccine, 19 in the control group and one in those who had received the PRP-T vaccine, indicating a vaccine efficacy in fully vaccinated children of 95 percent. Consequently, the vaccine efficacy for the prevention of Hib pneumonia was estimated to be 100 percent. Among children in the study there were 449 episodes of pneumonia with severe x-ray changes. Those children who had received PRP-T vaccine had 20 percent less of these episodes, indicating that 20 percent of episodes of severe pneumonia in those children were due to Hib and were prevented by the vaccine. "The value of this vaccine in African infants has now been proven. In Asia there are still doubts about the true burden of Hib disease and this is currently under investigation," Dr Kim Mulholland, of WHO's Child Health and Development (CHD) and Vaccine Research and Development (VRD) programs, who was the principal investigator in the study. "The challenge ahead now is to provide this highly effective vaccine at reasonable cost to the children who need it most, those living in developing countries," he said. Enditem 25/04/97 15:46 GMT Copyright 1997
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:27:19 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Fwd: Kenya Based Habitat Center target of U.N. Probe Message-ID: <336578A7.3EDA@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Kenya Based Habitat Center target of U.N. Probe
By Evelyn Leopold UNITED NATIONS, April 25 (Reuter) - In a scathing report, the U.N. inspector-general said the Nairobi-based Centre for Human Settlements needed a financial and policy overhaul if it expected to survive. "Allowing the current state of affairs to persist for any length of time into the future would be reprehensible," said the report, released on Friday by the U.N. office of Internal Oversight Services led by Karl Paschke of Germany. It said that the centre, known as Habitat, had few financial controls, hired unneeded consultants, assigned staff members to tasks they did not perform and functioned under a muddled organisational and policy structure. "Accordingly, the situation of Habitat is serious and should not be allowed to continue," the report said. U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan agreed with the findings in the document, his spokesman, Fred Eckhard, said. The centre was created to study ways of improving the quantity and quality of housing for people in developing countries. Last June it organised a conference on the common problems of teeming cities throughout the world. Paschke noted that the centre had been audited over the past few years. But he said that "concrete action taken so far is too little and too late." One example concerned an official who had been associated with a consultancy firm frequently awarded important contracts for projects under his supervision. "A special investigation into the circumstances leading to this situation is warranted," the report said. Assistant Secretary-General Wally N'Dow of Gambia took over the Habitat centre in 1994 in an effort to give it some leadership, but almost immediately had to delegate his responsibiities to two deputies so he could organise last June's Conference on Human Settlements in Istanbul. But their duties were worded in broad terms "and did not delineate the boundaries of the respective responsibilities, authorities and accountability," the report said. "In the absense of leadership, significant shortcomings developed in the management of the programmes and resources of the centre, both human and financial," the report said. Paschke also criticised personnel policies, the excessive hiring of consultants, the placing of staff in jobs that did not exist in the organisation's structure and the exaggeration of duties to justify classifying a post at a higher level. He said that decisions relating to personnel and finance appeared to be made behind closed doors with little accountability. The Habitat Centre was set up after the first U.N. conference on human settlements, held in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976. REUTER
Copyright 1997 Reuters Ltd. All rights reserved
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:28:41 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Fwd: Mystery Millionaire Message-ID: <336578F9.6671@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Who is this African guy and why is he giving away so much money? By DAVID ROYSE Associated Press Writer MIAMI (AP) -- There's no question Foutanga Dit Babani Sissoko is a generous man. The West African multimillionaire hired more than 10,000 workers to rebuild his home village in Mali. He paid for 200 African athletes to go to the Olympics in Atlanta. He gave $300,000 to a high-school band in Miami so it could perform in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City. He even offered $30,000 to a U.S. Customs agent to try to expedite the shipment of two helicopters to West Africa. Big mistake. "I wanted to do good and I stepped on the law. And the law stepped on me," he said after he was sentenced in March on federal payoff charges. Sissoko says it was a cultural misunderstanding. Prosecutors say he wanted to use his money and influence to bypass normal export channels. Either way, Sissoko pleaded guilty to paying an illegal gratuity. A judge sentenced him to four months in prison with credit for time already served, meaning he had to spend an additional 45 days in jail. The sentence was the lightest Sissoko could get. He was so pleased he kept on giving -- this time a new $65,000 Mercedes to each of his three lawyers. Foutanga Dit Babani Sissoko (pronounced fu-TONG-uh dit bu-BA-ni sis-SO-ko) has amassed a fortune that his lawyers say is considerably in excess of $25 million. What is unclear is how Sissoko came into his riches. The story he told after his sentencing differed from the one he has told in the past. And it doesn't jibe with the biography that his lawyers presented the court. Sissoko, 51, recently discussed his past with reporters at his lawyers' 19th-floor offices overlooking Biscayne Bay. Speaking through an interpreter, many of his answers only raised more questions about how he started life in a thatch hut in Mali and became an international philanthropist. His web of companies and business ventures is complicated and difficult to trace. He has whole or part interests in hotels and casinos in Europe and Africa, but there is no single corporation overseeing all of his ventures. Sissoko, who owns a condominium in Miami, describes his work in the oil business as that of a middleman. "If you want oil, I know where to get it," he says. His version of events differ from those in the biography written for his defense by his attorneys. That biography says he got rich when oil was discovered on land he owned. In the interview he said there's never been oil on any land he has owned. His assistants insist that translation -- Sissoko doesn't speak English -- is to blame for the discrepancies. Law enforcement officials also had trouble ferreting out the particulars of Sissoko's past. "It was like trying to pin down smoke," said one federal investigator who did not want to be identified. Sissoko, who never went to school, said he once wandered around China and India without a job after traveling to Asia on a cargo ship as a stowaway. The biography said he traded textiles in India. He said he lived only by the generosity of a mysterious holy man who took him in. About 20 years ago, Sissoko, after working as a house servant and selling soup in a train station, said he was working in a diamond mine in Liberia. Five days a week the miners worked for food, blankets and a modest salary, he said. One day a week they were given dirt, which sometimes contained small diamonds. Sissoko said he collected 13 rough diamonds over six months and then went to Belgium, where he heard the stones would bring millions. He said he was paid $9 million for the gems. He said no one asked where he got them. No one questioned the millions he took to a bank. "It's something that lots of people were doing. All the diamonds came from Africa," he said. "Tons and tons of stones." He also said he sold a diamond he found on the ground while working as a servant for a Frenchman in Senegal. That one, he claimed, fetched $4.5 million. He said he left the money in a European bank account and returned to Africa with only $40. He said he started looking for work again. "When a man looks for money, he can't travel with money," Sissoko said. "When you have money, you are too lazy to look for it." Banning Eyre, an American musician who lived in Mali and knows Sissoko, said he has seen him hire musicians for all-night performances at his house in the capital of Bamako and pay for it with a $12,000 bar of gold. "People say he has performed magical deeds for presidents of countries all over West Africa," Eyre told The Miami Herald. "They say he has magical powers." One Western source in Liberia told the Herald that it is "extremely doubtful" Sissoko made his fortune selling diamonds. Neither he nor other sources had heard of the millionaire, though. Sissoko was seen recently at a downtown Miami hotel with Sarkis Soghanalian, who went to federal prison for trying to sell 103 U.S. combat helicopters to Iraq in 1983. Sissoko was not aware of the arms merchant's background and has had no business dealing with him, an aide to Sissoko said. Just before his arrest, Sissoko planned to go to a White House dinner where a fund-raiser planned to solicit a contribution to the Democratic National Committee, already under fire for taking contributions from foreigners in exchange for meetings with high-level officials. The fund-raiser, John Catsimatidis, told The New York Times that Sissoko never made a contribution. At Sissoko's sentencing, high-powered attorneys, including former U.S. Sen. Birch Bayh of Indiana, and top diplomats from several African nations rushed to his defense when he was accused of paying the customs agent to help expedite the delivery of the choppers. Sissoko said one was intended as an air ambulance for poor villages in Gambia. The other, he said, was meant for his start-up airline, Air Dabia. Sissoko said he thought there was no other way to get the helicopters out of the United States. He said he was told by the customs agent that he needed a special federal license to get the choppers out. But he was told that it would cost $30,000. "They asked for something -- and we were afraid to refuse," he said. John Mayer, a Dutch businessman who is a partner with Sissoko in a hotel development in Spain, said the West African collided with a legal system and a way of doing business that he didn't understand. "He is suddenly now being faced with the facts of life as he didn't know them," Mayer said. After Sissoko's release from prison, he will serve four more months under house arrest in Miami before being deported. Supporters say such a good man must have run afoul of the law inadvertently. And his benefactors don't question him. "I'm just thinking about what he's doing for our kids. He's a hero in the eyes of Central High," says Central High School assistant principal Rodney Reed, whose school band is headed to New York for the Thanksgiving parade, thanks to Sissoko. "He'll always be a hero in our eyes. Even after he goes home."
Copyright 1997 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:29:29 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Fwd: Francophone West Africa seek joint peace force Message-ID: <33657929.CC5@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Francophone West Africa seek joint peace force NIAMEY, Niger (Reuter) - Armed forces chiefs of staff of seven French-speaking states in West Africa are calling for creation of a joint force to prevent or end conflict and help with humanitarian operations -- within or beyond the region. The proposal, made at the end of a three-day meeting in Niger's capital Niamey Saturday, will be put to their heads of state to promote peace in a region which has experienced the destabilizing effects of civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The meeting grouped members of the sub-regional non-aggression and defense cooperation pact ANAD -- Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo. "The armed forces chief of staff, convinced of the opportunity and the need for the FPA (ANAD Peacekeeping Force), reaffirm their determination to work under the authority of their heads of state for the success of what is an historic initiative for the African continent," they said in a statement. The meeting followed joint manoeuvres earlier this year between several ANAD members and former colonial power France aimed at handling such volatile situations. Niger's armed forces chief of staff, Amadou Moussa Gros, said that the command of the standing force could be given to a civilian or military person depending on the circumstances of its deployment. "It will be a permanent force of specialist units on standby in their countries of origin and which would assemble on demand whether for crises in ANAD's zone of influence or outside member countries," he told a news conference. The specialized units would be about battalion size -- 400 to 700 soldiers by country. Gros said the force and its operations would be funded by contributions from member states, from friendly nations and international institutions. The armed forces chiefs of staff of Benin, Guinea, English-speaking Gambia and Portuguese-speaking Guinea Bissau, which is switching to the CFA franc currency of its Francophone neighbors, attended the meeting as observers. West African states currently contribute to the Nigerian-led ECOMOG force, which is helping keep the peace in Liberia and ensure security ahead of national elections currently scheduled for May 30. ECOMOG was set up by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which groups both English-speaking and French-speaking nations in the region. ANAD was set up in 1977 to promote peace in the region. REUTER
Copyright 1997 Reuters Ltd. All rights reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 00:30:30 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Fwd: HEALTH: PNEUMONIA VACCINE SUCCESSFULLY TESTED IN GAMBIA Message-ID: <33657966.4471@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
HEALTH: PNEUMONIA VACCINE SUCCESSFULLY TESTED IN GAMBIA
GENEVA, (Apr. 25) IPS - A vaccine trial in Gambia has proven the pneumonia and meningitis caused by the "Haemophilus influenzae" type b (Hib) bacteria in infants can be prevented even in the developing countries. "The value of this vaccine in African infants has now been proven," said Kim Mulholland, member of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Health and Development (CHD) and Vaccine Research and Development (VRD) programmes. The Hib vaccine had been administered to small children in the industrialized countries over recent years with the result that Hib meningitis has practically disappeared from these regions. Up until now, only a small number of developing countries had incorporated the joint vaccine against Hib in its vaccination programmes, due to its high cost and doubts about it being useful in this setting. A WHO report, which told of the success of the wide ranging tests carried out in the Gambian terrain, explained that Hib infection is more common in the developing countries where it has been studied than in the industrialized countries. The illness tends to appear amongst the youngest children and commonly results in pneumonia type symptoms. The experiment in Gambia was planned to determine the efficiency of the vaccine in a developing country where the epidemiology is different to the developed countries. Another aim of the experiment was to see exactly what level of protection against pneumonia the vaccine gave to the Gambian infants. The study was based on 42,848 children chosen at random to receive the Hib polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) mixed with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine (DTP). In the control group, babies of two, three and four months were given DTP alone. All the children in the study group who contracted meningitis or pneumonia were tested to see if the Hib bacteria was the cause. At the end of the study, the bacteria cultures indicated that 50 cases of had been identified amongst the children examined. There were 20 cases amongst children who had received three doses of the vaccine, 19 cases in the control group and only one case amongst those who had received the PRP-T vaccine, which shows a 95 percent effectiveness amongst children who received the full course of vaccine. The WHO acknowledged the difficulties in proving that pneumonia has been provoked by Hib as bacteria cultures need to be grown from blood or lung tissue taken from the children. Of the 17 cases identified, seven were thought to have received only a partial vaccination course, whereby they were excluded from the primary analysis. The other 10 cases formed part of the control group. Consequently, said the WHO, the efficiency of the vaccine for the prevention of Hib-related pneumonia could be placed at nearly 100 percent. Mulholland said "the true burden of the Hib infections in Asia" is still unknown, although research is being carried out to determine exactly how prevalent this is. "The challenge ahead now is to provide this highly effective vaccine at reasonable cost to the children who need it most, those living in developing countries," said the researcher. The Gambia experiment was directed by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council. The resources were provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the vaccines by the Pasteur Merieux laboratory. Copyright 1997
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 23:02:18 +0800 (SGT) From: Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my> To: gambia-l <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: World Cup Africa Zone Results (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970428230212.11203A-100000@talabah.iiu.my> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 10:11:13 EST From: Winston Kawaley <winston_kawaley@SMTPLINK.SRA.COM> To: LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU Subject: World Cup Africa Zone Results
NAIROBI, April 28 (Reuter) - Collated results of African zone World Cup soccer qualifiers played over the weekend:
Group 1 In Nairobi: Kenya 1 Guinea 0 (halftime 1-0) Scorer: Musa Otieno 3 pen Attendance: 55,000 In Ouagadougou: Burkina Faso 1 Nigeria 2 (0-1) Scorers: Burkina Faso- Mamadou Zongo 76 Nigeria - Mangaoule Diabate 40 own goal, Emmanuel Amunike 58 Attendance: 20,000 Standings P W D L F A Pts Nigeria 4 3 1 0 7 3 10 Kenya 4 2 1 1 7 7 7 Guinea 4 2 0 2 6 4 6 Burkina Faso 4 0 0 4 4 10 0 Next matches: June 7 - Nigeria v Kenya, June 8 - Guinea v Burkina Faso
Group 2 In Tunis: Tunisia 2 Liberia 0 (0-0) Scorers: Adel Sellimi 60 pen, Khaled Badra 78 Attendance: 38,000 In Windhoek: Namibia 2 Egypt 3 (0-0) Scorers: Namibia - China Utoni 61, Mohamed Ouseb 87 pen Egypt - Hadi Kassaba 76 pen, Hussein Hassan 80 Al Hadi 89 Standings Tunisia 4 4 0 0 6 1 12 Egypt 4 2 0 2 10 5 6 Liberia 4 1 1 2 1 3 4 Namibia 4 0 1 3 4 12 1 Next matches: June 8 - Liberia v Namibia, Egypt v Tunisia
Group 3 In Lusaka: Zambia 3 Congo 0 (1-0) Scorers: Dennis Lota 40, Johnston Bwalya 88, Mwape Miti 89 In Lome, Togo: Zaire 1 South Africa 2 (1-1) Scorers: Zaire - Zico Tumba 25 South Africa - Doctor Khumalo 21, Phil Masinga 71 Attendance: 6,000 Standings Congo 4 2 1 1 4 4 7 South Africa 4 2 1 1 3 3 7 Zambia 4 1 2 1 5 3 5 Zaire 4 0 2 2 4 6 2 Next matches: June 8 - Congo v Zaire, South Africa v Zambia
Group 4 In Harare: Zimbabwe 0 Angola 0 Attendance: 40,000 In Douala: Cameroon 2 Togo 0 (0-0) Scorers: Bernard Tchoutang 85, Patrick Mboma 88 Attendance: 30,000 Standings Cameroon 4 3 1 0 7 2 10 Angola 4 2 2 0 5 2 8 Zimbabwe 4 1 1 2 4 3 4 Togo 4 0 0 4 3 12 0 Next matches: June 8 - Angola v Cameroon, Togo v Zimbabwe
Group 5 In Accra: Ghana 3 Gabon 0 (1-0) Scorers: Felix Aboagye 42, Mohamed Gargo 60, 63 pen Attendance: 15,000 In Freetown: Sierra Leone 0 Morocco 1 (0-1) Standings Morocco 3 2 1 0 7 2 7 Ghana 4 1 3 0 7 4 6 Sierra Leone 4 1 1 2 2 6 4 Gabon 3 0 1 2 1 5 1 Next matches: June 8 - Gabon v Sierra Leone, Morocco v Ghana
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 10:40:48 +0000 From: "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: legal systems and the principles of morality and justice Message-ID: <199704290938.KAA10792@netmail.city.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
------- Forwarded Message Follows ------- Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 20:15:16 +0100 From: Mail Delivery Subsystem <MAILER-DAEMON@city.ac.uk> Subject: Returned mail: Host unknown (Name server: u.wasghinton.com.edu: host not found) To: <ar644@netmail.city.ac.uk>
The original message was received at Mon, 28 Apr 1997 20:15:15 +0100 from diplock.city.ac.uk [138.40.85.15]
----- The following addresses had delivery problems ----- <gambia-l@u.wasghinton.com.edu> (unrecoverable error)
----- Transcript of session follows ----- 550 <gambia-l@u.wasghinton.com.edu>... Host unknown (Name server: u.wasghinton.com.edu: host not found)
----- Original message follows ----- Return-Path: O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk Received: from diplock.city.ac.uk (diplock.city.ac.uk [138.40.85.15]) by netmail.city.ac.uk (/City/2.1) with SMTP id UAA07617 for <gambia-l@u.wasghinton.com.edu>; Mon, 28 Apr 1997 20:15:15 +0100 Message-Id: <199704281915.UAA07617@netmail.city.ac.uk> Comments: Authenticated sender is <ar644@pophost> From: "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk> To: gambia-l@u.wasghinton.com.edu Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 20:17:52 +0000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Subject: legal systems and the ideas of justice and morality Priority: normal X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.23)
The question is , " Is there any necessary relationship between the legal system and the ideas of justice and morality ?"
Appeals to morality are a familiar part of argument . To say that OMAR'S action is immoral maybe just an expression of general disapproval. But references to moral rights and obligations are more specific . When we refer to moral the obligation not to commit adultery, we are not refering to our own personal viewbut rather to the view generally supported by our society. This obligation is widely regarded as an important principle of behaviourwithout which social relationships would be less agreeable or secure . It is enforced by social pressures such as critism of of the culprit and sympathy for the victim . It is reinforced by religious teaching and by the media or " RADIO KANG KANG " if you like. The morality of our society consists of principles of behaviour like this.
Justice as I understand it , is an aspect of morality . It is concerned with how classes of individuals are treated be it Njago, Jola , Fular or Jahanka etc. We would not regard a man who committed adultery as acting in an unjust way but we would regard it as unjust if his conduct was excused simply because he was famous eg Youssou N'dour, whilst similar conduct by a lesser mortal eg leader of the" Nyankatang Band ", resulted in censure . Justice demands that like cases be treated alike . Similarly , we might regard it as unjust if the adulterous husband was allowed to leave his wife and children without any financial support ( a rarety in the Gambia ) . Justice demands that the victim be compensated .
In the days of our forefathers , the customs which regulate its life have to based on the morality of the group . Only in that way will they be followed and support . But what about a society like the one we live in today ( Jamano'ye teye or bi jamano ) governed by a legal system ? Does the legal system have to reflect the morality of the society ? Does it have to just ? This is where my question arises as to whether there is any necessary relationship between the legal system and the ideas of justice or morality . In other words , a legal system can function effectively though it is neither just nor moral . The tyrannical system that operated in Germany during the latter years of the notorious Nazi regime proves this point. It directly discriminates against individuals on racial grounds. Although we would argue that no civilised siciety should draw racial distinction, it could be countered that if the morality of a society was such that racial distinctions were felt to be RELEVANT , then it was entitled todiscriminate and still claim it was treating like cases alike . The concept of morality amd justice are easily manipulated . But even so , the Nazi legal system as I understand it, sanctioned decisions which contracted any notion of general morality or justice . individuals were condemned on the whim of party officials . Individuals took to settling their private grudges against others by reporting them to officials for making anti-party remarks ( magetti yor yor ) , with the result that they would be tried and often executed . After the war , some of the victims who survived , brought the informers before the new German Court. The grudge informers claimed that their action was lawful under the Nazi legal system. The new Courts dismissed the defence on the ground that the Nazi laws were contrary to the sense of justice of all decent human being . To call the Nazi system legal and to call its rules laws was a false description of what they are . They were instruments of an arbitrary and tyrannical regime .
But is it sensible or even helpful to refuse to treat such system or its rules as being legal ? It can be argued that the question of what is law must be separated from the question of whether it was moral or just .
So in view of the above findings, one can say that the fact that a society is governed by rules does not mean that we should describe it as having a legal system . Hence to avoid uncertainty the society will need to develop rules which will enable its members or atleast its officials , to recognise the rules of conduct that govern the society eg e rule demanding that the provisions of a code are to recognised . In our society there so many violations of the rules of conduct eg the thief is ruthlessly and mercilessly beaten to disability or sometimes to death . Every alleged offender is innocent until proven guilty but is this caveat observed in our society ? My answer to that is a blatant NO ! Where then is Morality , Legality , and Justice in our society I'm asking you ?!!
M'BAI OMAR F.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 97 04:30:32 PDT From: MAKE THAT VISION A REALITY <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edU Subject: SYSTEM TEST Message-ID: <9704291130.utk8722@RR5.intel.com>
Hi all:
This is just a TEST !
I have had problems sending mails to the list letter and one of the list managers had been putting great effort in helping me resolve this.
Thanks Momodou Camara for all your efforts. I hope it works well now.
Later,
Pa-Abdou Barrow
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 14:20:10 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <3184A5EA.277F@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Ousman G. wrote: > > > I think we agree that polygamy is often interpreted and practiced in > > a way it was not meant to be, often (if not ususally) at the cost of > > women's and childrens emotions, feeding, clothing and education, > > using religious justifications ... What do you think about the > > advantages and disadvantages of polygamy? What do women think? In > > the previous discussion somebody stated that many Gambian women > > would prefer to take a married man, if they had to choose between a > > married and a single man. Do you agree? I would particularly like to > > know the advantages for the wifes - as those for men are quite > > obvious. How could an ideal polygamist relationship look like? What > > are the reasons for breaking with the tradition, which became, > > according to Dawda Singateh a tendency in the Gambia? > > If there is any advantage to polygamy, then it is neglible compared > to its ill effects. Having been raised in a polygamous family most of > my life, I know at first hand how this affect the children and the emotional > effect on the wife who falls out of favor with the huusban. I > personally find it hard to believe that nowadays there is any > advantage to polygamy except for sexual fullfilment. The children's > welfare should be primary concern for adults before venturing into > polygamy. I think there should some legislature in place limiting > polygamy to only two wives. Having three, four, etc, is just plain > excessive and absurd. Polygamy may have had some merits > generations ago, but not in today's lifestyle. > > Thanks. > > Ousman
OUSMAN!!
FOR THE SAKE OF ARGUMENT,LET US SAY THAT YOUR PARENTS HAD ONLY TWO SONS.YOU AND ANOTHER GUY.AND LET US SAY FURTHER THAT THIS OTHER GUY WAS YOUR ELDER BROTHER,WHO PREMATURELY DIED AND WAS SURVIVED BY A WIFE AND FOUR CHILDREN.AND AGAIN,LET US SAY THAT AROUND THE TIME OF YOUR BROTHER'S DEATH YOU HAD ALREADY GOT TWO WIVES,BUT BOTH YOUR MOTHER AND FATHER BEGGED YOU TO MARRY YOUR BROTHER'S WIDOW, SO AS ENSURE CONTINUITY FOR THE ENVIROMENT IN WHICH YOUR BROTHER'S CHILDREN WOULD BE BROUGHT UP AND ALSO TO PREVENT ANY TRAUMATIC DISRUPTION IN THE LIFESTYLE OF YOUR SISTER IN-LAW.SO,NOW PLEASE, TELL US WHETHER YOU WOULD STICK TO YOUR PRINCIPLE OR YOU WOULD BE COMPASSIONATE ENOUGH TO ACCEPT YOUR PARENTS REQUEST.
REGARDS BASSSS!!!- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 08:47:35 -0400 (EDT) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: msjaiteh@mtu.edu (Malanding S. Jaiteh) Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia Message-ID: <199704291247.IAA00601@aspen> Content-Type: text
Hi folks, Perhaps this is a good time to ask some questions about health matters. It was about 1990 when I came across the use of mosquito nets impregnated in some insecticide to repell mosquitoes. I did not have the opportunity to talk to any health expert then but do anyone know the type of insecticide used? I must say the results were really impressive. For even ant don't make it if they come in contact with the net. also is the insecticide still being used?
Malanding Jaiteh
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 11:22:33 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <970429112214_1953362209@emout13.mail.aol.com>
Ancha, You have raised some points that are all very true. However, in terms of the wife getting a break form the husband, l was referring to just getting a break from a man being around i.e not having to get their meal and attend to them , and just not having to worry about consulting someone about what you do or where you go etc.One would like to find a spouse that would do these basic things for themselves and let you control your own time but reality shows us that even the most modern husband still demands attention much like children do( oops!!) and we all know how our men back home can be in terms of the demands they put on their wives. From this standpoint, a second wife could provide a well needed break, but of course the situation has to be ideal i.e no pettiness etc. which l think one does not find very often in our society.I would only accept polygamy on these terms but l'm afraid it is wishing for the impossible. However, if l were to find it, l would have no problem with it because you see, l want the best of both worlds. l am vey independent and do not like to be controlled or told what to do , and this way, one can have a husband only a few days a month :-).
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 17:40:21 +0200 From: Andrea Klumpp <klumpp@kar.dec.com> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <33661665.33B3@kar.dec.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
> Andrea, > Interesting questions...I love the Freudian slip typo: " Martial" instead > of "marital" duties :) best, Ylva PS Will forward the NOW speech if > someone e-mails it to me.... >
No, no, this was not Freud, only lack of english !! I was not even aware of these two words ..haha ... but seems like they can easily be mixed up ....
JABOU AND THE OTHERS, THANKS A LOT FOR SHARING YOUR VIEWS ON THIS "PRIVATE" ISSUE
Jabou wrote: I know that now, if l had to share a husband, l would not > mind that at all provided that there is a certain level of maturity exercised > by all involved. AGREED, THIS APPLIES TO MOMOGAMIST AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS TOO I would not want to have to deal with unecessary hassles. I > think the main ingredient here would be self confidence and a good sense of > what you want to accomplish in life. WHICH CAN BE ACHIEVED BY EDUCATION AND BY HAVING/KNOWING THE "MARKETABLE SKILLS", HOW ANCHA SAID, OF ONESELF, I THINK. If every body in the relationship . If > the wives cooperate, l think they can do much to make sure that all are > treated fairly. > AND IF THEY ARE STRONG ENOUGH NOT TO FALL INTO THE TRAP OF "DIVIDING AND CONQUERING" (A MALE INVENTION, I SUPPOSE)
> Jabou.
Ancha wrote: > I think a major problem is to educate women at home,.......esp. the > fact that they do > not have to depend on a man to take care of them,....they can do it by > themselves. AGREED, AND THEY ARE THUS FREE TO CHOOSE THE KIND OF RELATIONSHIP THEY WANT Because I do think that some women become 2nd, 3rd etc wife > because thay want to be taken cared of........not having any "marketable" > skills that will enable them to care of themselves or do things for > themselves. YES, THIS SOUNDS VERY REASONABLE TO ME CONCERNING THE NEED TO GET MARRIED IN GENERAL BUT DOES NOT EXPLAIN WHY MANY WOMEN IN THE GAMBIA PREFER TO MARRY AN ALREADY MARRIED GUY INSTEAD OF A SINGLE ONE (IF THE STATEMENT IS REPRESENTATIVE AT ALL)
> If one has to look at it from the womens point of view that Andrea and > Jabou pointed out ie African husbands are harder to deal with, needing > time for yourself after all the stress etc, then I can see how it can be > advantageous. I NEITHER WROTE NOR MEANT THAT AFRICAN HUSBANDS ARE HARDER TO DEAL WITH THAN OTHERS AND AS I UNDERSTOOD, JABOU EMPHASISED *TRADITIONAL* AFRICAN MEN ..
there are women who think they shouldn't bother their husbands with troubles > that they ( the wife) > is having with the interferences of their husbands family. This kind of > stress can build up, making one feel angry and frustrated. YES, THIS IS ANOTHER DIFFICULT ISSUE BUT NOT A SPECIFIC POLYGAMY-PROBLEM, AS I SEE IT. TO THE CONTRARY: I HEARD THAT THE HUSBAND'S FAMILY IS OFTEN URGING THE GUY TO MARRY A SECOND WOMAN, PARTICULARLY IF THEY STAY WITHOUT CHILDREN FOR SOME TIME OR IF FAMILYMEMBERS DO NOT AGREE WITH THE FIRST AND ONLY ONE, IN ORDER TO PUT PRESSURE ON HER FOR WHATEVER REASON. IS THAT TRUE?
But I think > that being husband and wife doesn't mean being stuck together all the > time. I think both should be able to make time inorder to do things away > from each other.......no I'n not saying that it's easy, just that it is > possible and should be encouraged. hence I don't think that one needs the > presence of another wife to make this a possibility. TOTALLY AGREED. AND I WOULD EVEN GO FURTHER TO SAY THAT IT IS NOT ONLY POSSIBLE AND SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED BUT ESSENTIAL FOR A RELATIONSHIP, WHICH CAN EASILY GET STUCK AND BORING, IF BOTH OR ONE OF THE PARTNERS DO NOT HAVE "OUTSIDE" IMPULSES THEY CAN SHARE ENRICHING EACH OTHER ...
If a woman can make > the sacrifice of being with one man for the rest of her life I don't see > why a man cannot do the same!!! > Ancha. HMM... THIS CAN EASILY BE TURNED AROUND ... BUT THIS IS ANOTHER STORY .... ;-))
Sorry for the length of this mail! I made it as short as possible.
THANKS again. I'm happy to be on this list!
Andrea
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 11:38:15 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Fwd: Mystery Millionaire Message-ID: <970429113732_-1600984917@emout14.mail.aol.com>
Lat, Thanks for the info. Until now, l and many people in Gambia never even heard these stories.I talk to my sister in Gambia often and she says people just speculate about him but know nothing else. She says there were romours that he got his wealth from drug trafficking. This romour was rife especially after the incident in which Interpol said they had intercepted a cargo of drugs addressed to the ministry or dep't of Agric. in Gambia.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 12:00:23 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <970429120006_-1768582978@emout06.mail.aol.com>
Andrea, It is true that the husband's family does encourage him to marry s second wife if there are no children after years of marriage as well as if for some reason they do not like the wife.However, l think in most cases , there is no encouragement necessary. As for some women choosing to marry already married men, l think some of them are motivated by the challenge, the sense of controversy, they are driven to show that they can attract and "take ones husband away" from them if you will. These women are the very ones that bring grief and disharmony to polygamous relationships.They were drawn to the relationship for this purpose to begin with.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 10:50:43 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <970429105042_-1668081783@emout15.mail.aol.com>
Ousman, l agree that an excess number of wives (3-4) is unreasonable both financially and otherwise but l still think that one can have two wives provided that all conditions are ideal as l mentioned yesterday. As to whether this ideal situation can be achieved or not is another matter. Also, l think that how we view the issue is also influenced by our own personal experiences and clearly, not all of us have had the same experiences vis a vis polygamy in our family situations.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 11:23:08 -0500 (EST) From: Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <812D2F3121@scholar.wabash.edu> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
>OUSMAN!! > > FOR THE SAKE OF ARGUMENT,LET US SAY THAT YOUR PARENTS HAD ONLY TWO >SONS.YOU AND ANOTHER GUY.AND LET US SAY FURTHER THAT THIS OTHER GUY >WAS YOUR ELDER BROTHER,WHO PREMATURELY DIED AND WAS SURVIVED BY A WIFE >AND FOUR CHILDREN.AND AGAIN,LET US SAY THAT AROUND THE TIME OF YOUR >BROTHER'S DEATH YOU HAD ALREADY GOT TWO WIVES,BUT BOTH YOUR MOTHER AND >FATHER BEGGED YOU TO MARRY YOUR BROTHER'S WIDOW, SO AS ENSURE >CONTINUITY FOR THE ENVIROMENT IN WHICH YOUR BROTHER'S CHILDREN WOULD >BE BROUGHT UP AND ALSO TO PREVENT ANY TRAUMATIC DISRUPTION IN THE >LIFESTYLE OF YOUR SISTER IN-LAW.SO,NOW PLEASE, TELL US WHETHER YOU >WOULD STICK TO YOUR PRINCIPLE OR YOU WOULD BE COMPASSIONATE ENOUGH TO >ACCEPT YOUR PARENTS REQUEST. > >REGARDS BASSSS!!!-
Bass,
I don't think this issue has anything to do with compassion. If I were in that hypothetical situation, I would still stick to my principle. I think the wife and the children would have a much better life with a man who equally loves them and give them the attention they deserve. Let face this Bass, you cannot give the necessary attentions to the children they need if you have lots of them. I think when going in to such kinds of marriage, one should also go along with some common sense. I might have good intentions in marrying my brother's widow, but that action won't necessarily be the best for both of us. What difference does it make if a widow were to remarry to another man in a different family as long as he cares for her and her children?
Ousman
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 10:18:59 -0700 (PDT) From: Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu> To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Unbearable Whiteness (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.A41.3.95b.970429101837.29376C-100000@dante20.u.washington.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
now I've heard it all......
---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 08:52:01 -0700 (PDT) From: Jeffrey Olson <olson@u.washington.edu> To: Anthropology Department <anthro@u.washington.edu> Subject: Unbearable Whiteness
Wall Street Journal, April 24, 1997, pp. A1, A12.
School of Thought: The Unbearable Whiteness of Being
A Number of College Scholars Race to Caucasian Studies; Some Think It Outrageous
By Quentin Hardy
Berkeley, Calif. - Matt Wray spends his work time looking for the heart of whiteness. He studies Spam diets, chainsaw art and gun shows, facets of a white underclass subculture he calls "the most visible form of whiteness."
Mr. Wray is a member of the emerging academic discipline of "whiteness studies." His niche is specializing in the doings of poor whites. He says he used to be one himself.
Other whiteness scholars plumb the whiteness of wealthy Texas dynasties, racial feelings of white feminists, the whiteness of shopping and the virtually white world of the Internet. "Where I live, shopping malls are white spaces," says David Rodediger, a history professor at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul, and another prominent whiteness scholar. So, probably, is cyberspace. "When people converse there, they expect the other person to be white," he says.
The White Way
In the multicultural wave that has washed over American universities, perhaps "whiteness studies" was inevitable. A branch of ethnic studies, it may sound like a Caucasian cartoon of the identity efforts by African-American, Hispanic, Asian-American and other groups. It is, in fact. anything but.
Some whiteness scholars say that, by examining white culture, they hope to explode what they perceive as its dominance. Others, detecting white-bashing in that approach, are undertaking a less political look, believing it is legitimate to examine Caucasian ethnicity the way multiculturalists have long looked at other groups. Why stereotype whites when, for example, California's whites can trace their origins to 27 European countries?
Still others, like Jeff Hitchcock, a Roselle, N.J. diversity consultant, take a middle approach. Many whites think of themselves as "color blind," a tendency that causes them to underestimate the problems and grievances of people of color, he says. Thus, Mr. Hitchcock launched the Center for the Study of White American Culture, whose mission is to allow whit and nonwhites to study whiteness in a nonconfrontational way.
The center has its own Web site and sells books aimed at white readers, with titles like, "A Race Is a Nice Thing to Have."
"Community-building has to be multiracial," Mr. Hitchcock says.
Of Whites and Wrongs
Maybe so, but the hundreds of whiteness academics and observers who gathered at the University of California here recently for the first national scholarly meeting on whiteness were a pretty fractious lot; it is clear that few take whiteness lightly.
There was Jessica Drew, a doctoral candidate at the California School of Professional Psychology in Los Angeles.. She has designed a semester-long course, which she has pitched to universities, on white racial identity, which includes an "action plan" to fight what she terms "white privilege." That said, Ms. Drew, herself white, did allow that whites do possess some positive values, such as "individualism, punctuality and a work ethic" - traits, she hastens to add, that other groups have. Whites also have their negative leanings, in her view - they are too competitive and hierarchical.
Mab Segrest, a white Durham, N.C., activist with the Urban-Rural Mission of the National Council of Churches, and Noel Ignatiev, a white associate professor at Harvard University, suggested whites were responsible for many of the world's social problems. Both belong to a group called the "New Abolitionists."
Mr. Ignatiev, whose antiwhite paper was presented by a colleague, has advocated that citizens follow police around with video cameras in hopes of filming another Rodney King incident, and thus provoking outrage against whites.
Ms. Segrest, in her presentation, noted the Hawaiian word for a white person is "haole" - interpreted by most to mean "foreigner" but which some locals define as "without soul." This provoked one dark moment during the conference when a heckler stood up, accused her of advocating "Eurocide" and walked out.
The Simba Syndrome
Other whiteness buffs examine slightly more mainstream themes. Birgit Rasmussen, a Danish graduate student in Berkeley's Ethnic Studies department, has looked at what she thinks are racial stereotypes in American movies, from "Birth of a Nation" to "The Lion King."
"The Lion King"?
"The lions are beautiful, and are meant to rule," she says. "The hyenas are ugly and untrustworthy and trying to take over.... Americans can't talk about race, and they can't stop talking about race, even in 'The Lion King,' " she says.
Mr. Wray, also a Berkeley Ethnic Studies doctoral candidate who helped organize the conference, has looked at chainsaw sculptures, which he believes exemplify the desperate attempt of "white loggers trying to survive in an age of tourism." His scholarly examination of gun shows, he says, indicate that they amount to white family outings "with a nostalgia for the American frontier."
Mr. Wray, who grew up poor in New Hampshire, bristles at critics who suggest that such work borders on parody. "They said that about studying the effects of television and about Madonna studies, too," he says. "It's past its prime now, but a lot of good work was done on the significance of Madonna."
The Color of Bias?
Many, however, think the entire genre of whiteness studies is an academic black hole. Some worry that it gives unintended credence to the views of white supremacists who have long advocated their own version of white studies. Cultural conservatives see the whiteness-studies trend as a kind of end-run by the advocates of political correctness. "It's a ploy to reinforce the ethnic studies idea of white oppressors and black victimization," says Shelby Steele, a research fellow at Stanford University's conservative Hoover Institution. "Race as a central guiding truth doesn't help us, it further divides us." Mr. Steele, who is black, adds, "I bet you see a few black people at gun shows."
Even some liberals don't like it. "It's an offshoot of multiculturalism, and multiculturalism as a philosophy is incoherent," says Stanley Fish, a white Duke University professor of English and law, best known for asserting the cultural relativism of most knowledge. "If whiteness scholars think they're going to do away with all norms, they'll never do it."
The whiteness crowd, however, seems undaunted. Cameron McCarthy, an associate professor in communications at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, is deep into his whiteness-studies specialty - "suburban resentment." Mr. McCarthy"s theory is that the suburbs "project on the inner-city its own wish fulfillment as a place of moral degeneracy." Coming soon: an essay called "Danger in the Safety Zone," or "Notes on race, resentment and the discourse of crime, violence and suburban security."
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 13:35:09 -0400 From: Ceesay Soffie <Ceesay_Soffie@ems.prc.com> To: "'gambia-l@u.washington.edu'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <c=US%a=_%p=PRC%l=CRY1-970429173509Z-456@mcl3.prc.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
>These women are the very ones that bring grief and disharmony to polygamous >relationships.They were drawn to the relationship for this purpose to begin >with.
The men encourage the disharmony as well. And Jabou, I believe these are the women who need the most help in building their sense of self. Anyone who gets a high from disrupting the life of another, whose situation you may very well find yourself in one day, has a very low self esteem. Education is key and I maintain that it does not have to take place in formal setting.
Pitting sister against sister, or brother, or country is an art form, practiced by many a people from the colonizers (I remember Samori's war with the French) to some of our brothers who encourage the behaviour and our sisters who blind themselves to what's happening.
This bantaba is a wonderful medium and I wish many more sisters and brothers had access to the discussions we have here.
Thanks - Soffie >
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 19:13:24 -0400 From: ANNIE BITTAYE <AB063147@gwmail.kysu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: New member -Reply Message-ID: <s36648a0.020@gwmail.kysu.edu>
Hello, Can you please add my friend to the listings of the Gambia-L. Her name is Sukai Gaye and this is her address: sg125909@gwmail.kysu.edu Thanks, Annie.
------------------------------
|
1 L A T E S T R E P L I E S (Newest First) |
Momodou |
Posted - 19 Jun 2021 : 16:19:58 Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 21:28:28 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <31850A4C.6EBE@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Ousman Gajigo wrote: > > >OUSMAN!! > > > > FOR THE SAKE OF ARGUMENT,LET US SAY THAT YOUR PARENTS HAD ONLY TWO > >SONS.YOU AND ANOTHER GUY.AND LET US SAY FURTHER THAT THIS OTHER GUY > >WAS YOUR ELDER BROTHER,WHO PREMATURELY DIED AND WAS SURVIVED BY A WIFE > >AND FOUR CHILDREN.AND AGAIN,LET US SAY THAT AROUND THE TIME OF YOUR > >BROTHER'S DEATH YOU HAD ALREADY GOT TWO WIVES,BUT BOTH YOUR MOTHER AND > >FATHER BEGGED YOU TO MARRY YOUR BROTHER'S WIDOW, SO AS ENSURE > >CONTINUITY FOR THE ENVIROMENT IN WHICH YOUR BROTHER'S CHILDREN WOULD > >BE BROUGHT UP AND ALSO TO PREVENT ANY TRAUMATIC DISRUPTION IN THE > >LIFESTYLE OF YOUR SISTER IN-LAW.SO,NOW PLEASE, TELL US WHETHER YOU > >WOULD STICK TO YOUR PRINCIPLE OR YOU WOULD BE COMPASSIONATE ENOUGH TO > >ACCEPT YOUR PARENTS REQUEST. > > > >REGARDS BASSSS!!!- > > Bass, > > I don't think this issue has anything to do with compassion. If I were > in that hypothetical situation, I would still stick to my principle. > I think the wife and the children would have a much better life with > a man who equally loves them and give them the attention they > deserve. Let face this Bass, you cannot give the necessary attentions > to the children they need if you have lots of them. I think when > going in to such kinds of marriage, one should also go along with > some common sense. I might have good intentions in marrying my > brother's widow, but that action won't necessarily be the best for > both of us. What difference does it make if a widow were to remarry to > another man in a different family as long as he cares for her and > her children? > > Ousman
AND HOW MANY GAMBIAN MEN DO YOU KNOW WHO ARE PREPARED TO MARRY AND TAKE CARE OF A WIDOW WITH FOUR CHILDREN FROM A PREVIOUS MARRIAGE? AND HOW COULD YOU EVEN GURANTEE THAT SHE WOULD EVER MAKE IT TO THE TRAIN AGAIN WITH SO MUCH BAGGAGE?!
REGARDS BASSSS!! -- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 20:27:52 -0400 (EDT) From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704292048.A29265-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
On Tue, 29 Apr 1997 Gunjur@aol.com wrote:
> Andrea, > It is true that the husband's family does encourage him to marry s second > wife if there are no children after years of marriage as well as if for some > reason they do not like the wife.However, l think in most cases , there is no > encouragement necessary. As for some women choosing to marry already > married men, l think some of them are motivated by the challenge, the sense > of controversy, they are driven to show that they can attract and "take ones > husband away" from them if you will. These women are the very ones that bring > grief and disharmony to polygamous relationships.They were drawn to the > relationship for this purpose to begin with. > > Jabou. > I agree with what Jabou has said, but i think that another point is that some women feel that married men are more dependable and more stable than single men!! these women don't want to start over, they want ready made hence no hassels. Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 17:45:02 -0700 From: sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: New Member Message-ID: <199704300045.RAA18621@thesky.incog.com>
All,
Sukai Gaye has been added to the list. Welcome aboard and please send in your intro the list.
Sarian
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 17:46:41 +0800 (SGT) From: Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my> To: Sarian Loum <sarian@osmosys.incog.com> Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: SUBSCRIBE GAMBIA-L Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970429173954.17634B-100000@talabah.iiu.my> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
SARIAN, COULD YOU PLEASE ADD ALHAGI MANTA DRAMMEH TO THE LIST. HIS E-MAIL ADDRESS IS AS FOLLOWS: alhagi@iiu.my THANKS AND MAY ALLAH BLESS YOU ALL FOR YOUR KIND EFFORTS. SANUSI.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 21:22:35 -0700 From: sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: New Member Message-ID: <199704300422.VAA18689@thesky.incog.com>
All,
Alhaji Manta Drammeh has been added to the list as requested by Sanusi. Alhaji welcome aboard and please send in your intro to the list.
Sarian
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 08:07:29 +0200 From: Abdou Gibba <Abdou.Gibba@smr.uib.no> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: mil4@cornell.edu Subject: Re: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION Message-ID: <2.2.32.19970430060729.006ca420@golf.uib.no> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
At 14:39 28.04.97 EDT, you wrote: > > >FYI > > >---------- Forwarded Message ---------- > >From: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues, INTERNET:LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU >TO: "LEONENET", INTERNET:LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU >DATE: 4/26/97 12:45 AM > >RE: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION > >Sender: owner-leonenet@MITVMA.MIT.EDU >Received: from VMS.DC.LSOFT.COM (vms.dc.lsoft.com [206.241.12.2]) by arl-img-6.compuserve.com (8.6.10/5.950515) > id AAA14283; Sat, 26 Apr 1997 00:45:41 -0400 >Received: from vms.dc.lsoft.com by VMS.DC.LSOFT.COM (LSMTP for OpenVMS v1.1a) with SMTP id <4.A0669799@VMS.DC.LSOFT.COM>; Sat, 26 Apr 1997 0:45:39 -0500 >Received: from MITVMA.MIT.EDU by MITVMA.MIT.EDU (LISTSERV release 1.8c) with > NJE id 4962 for LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU; Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:41:57 > -0400 >Received: from MITVMA (NJE origin SMTP@MITVMA) by MITVMA.MIT.EDU (LMail > V1.2b/1.8b) with BSMTP id 6860; Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:29:55 -0400 >Received: from travelers.mail.cornell.edu by mitvma.mit.edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R3) > with TCP; Fri, 25 Apr 97 21:29:52 EDT >Received: from travelers.mail.cornell.edu (TRAVELERS.MAIL.CORNELL.EDU > [132.236.56.13]) by travelers.mail.cornell.edu (8.7.5/8.7.3) with > SMTP id VAA02461; Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:28:37 -0400 (EDT) >X-Sender: mi14@travelers.mail.cornell.edu >MIME-Version: 1.0 >Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII >Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970425212249.1148B-100000@travelers.mail.cornell.edu> >Date: Fri, 25 Apr 1997 21:28:37 -0400 >Reply-To: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues <LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU> >Sender: A Discussion of Sierra Leonean Issues <LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU> >From: Ibe Ibeike-Jonah <mi14@CORNELL.EDU> >Subject: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION >Comments: To: OKYEAME@ATHENA.MIT.EDU >Comments: cc: LSA-L@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU, SENEGA-L@VM.CNUCE.CNR.IT, > gr@pbs.port.ac.uk, okyeame@MITVMA.MIT.EDU >To: LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU > > *** IMPORTANT, PLS READ *** > >CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION > > In the more than three decades since the bulk of African >countries gained independence from colonial rule, few African >rulers have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed themselves to >be defeated in an election. Unsurprisingly, an overwhelming >majority of these rulers have either been forced out of office >through popular revolt, armed insurrection, and coup d'etat, or >died in office after being too sick and senile to sign even their >signatures. Indeed, political succession has remained undoubtedly >one of post-colonial Africa's Achilles heels. The consequences of >this state of affairs are legion, and have been all too disastrous >for the continent. Many countries have known no political >stability --an essential condition for any meaningful development >to take place -- as a chain of individual rulers have, without >scruples, battled and decimated their own populace just to remain >in power; economies, upon which the welfare of the people depends, >have been ruined leaving in place a desolate economic landscape >that invites only the worst speculative activities and merchants of >death; precious unrenewable resources have continually been wasted >in pursuit of the mirage of staying in power indefinitely; >countless number of people have been uprooted and displaced from >their homes and reduced, as it were, to becoming food aid junkies >in refugee camps. Most portentous of all, the countries have been >robbed the dynamism and renewed vigor that come from the ascendance >to power of much younger, energetic leadership. > > As we approach the 21st century, it behooves us (Africans) to >devise creative and ground-breaking ways to address this hydra- >headed problem. We need to create conditions to encourage African >heads of state to graciously hand over power to an elected >successor. This calls, among other things, for the establishment of >a Pan-African Senate consisting of former African heads of state >who have either allowed themselves to be defeated at the polls >(like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of Benin), or >handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun Obasanjo of >Nigeria and Julius Maada Bio of Sierra Leone), or retired in >conditions of pluralism and the open society (like Leopold Senghor >of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania, and Nelson "Madiba" >Mandela of South Africa who will be retiring in 1999 after a most >glorious and distinguished political career). > > The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet >substantial purposes: >(1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom >and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic >statesmen and women. >(2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a >continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus >engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa. >(3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the >presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive >asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing". > > The idea for the creation of a Pan-African Senate to serve the >above objectives comes from Professor Ali Mazrui. It may not be a >sure-fire recipe to cure all of Africa's political succession woes, >but it sure is a significant step toward fruitfully dealing with >the problem. If such an institution was in place a long time ago, >it could have arguably helped to prevent some of the worst crisis >afflicting African countries today. If Mobutu had voluntarily >vacated the presidency 20 years ago, Zairians would have been >spared the anguish, trauma and poverty visited on them by 32 years >of Mobutuism; if Babangida had graciously handed over power to the >presumed winner of the 1993 presidential elections, the current >imbroglio Nigeria is enmeshed in could have been avoided; and if >current rulers of Gabon, Kenya, Togo, Cameroon, etc. voluntarily >relinquish power, their respective countries would be spared the >aggravation of forceful change in leadership. > > This is why you or your organization should sign the letter >below to be sent to all African foreign ministers and heads of >state asking them to include the formation of an African Senate as >one of their agenda items in their upcoming annual meeting. The OAU >council of ministers will meet from May 28-30, and the heads of state >summit from June 2-4, 1997 at Harare Zimbabwe. > > Append your name by cc mi14@cornell.edu Feel free to distribute >widely and send hardcopy signatories for collation to: >P. O. Box 4868, Ithaca NY 14852, USA. > >Ibe Ibeike-Jonah > >---------------------------------------------------------- >April 25, 1997 > >President Robert G. Mugabe >Incoming Organization of African Unity (OAU) Chairman >Munhumutapa Bldg. >Samora Machel Avenue >Private Bag 7700, Causeway >Harare, Zimbabwe > >Dear President Mugabe, > > Creation of a Pan-African Senate > > In the more than thirty years since the bulk of African >countries attained independence from colonial rule, few African >heads of state have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed >themselves to be defeated in an election. An inordinate number of >African rulers have either been forced out of office through armed >revolt and coup d'etat, or died in office after a protracted >illness that almost always paralyze the affairs of the state. >Indeed, political succession has remained one of Africa's Achilles >heels. > > Conscious of the immense disastrous political and economic >consequences that ensue from the penchant of rulers to >indefinitely stay in office, mindful of the universal and fervent >desire of African people to creatively rise to the challenge of >solving the problems confronting the continent as we approach the >next century; and recognizing the need to create conditions that >will enable African rulers to graciously yield power to an elected >successor; we, the undersigned Africans, friends of Africa and >organizations recommend and call on the Organization of African >Unity (OAU) Council of Ministers and Heads of Government to include >as an agenda item in their scheduled annual summit meeting in >Harare, Zimbabwe the prompt establishment of a Pan-African Senate >consisting precisely of former African heads of state (and those >who follow in their footsteps) who have: >(i) either willingly and gracefully accepted electoral defeat at >the polls (like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of >Benin); >(ii) or handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun >Obasanjo of Nigeria and Julius Bio of Sierra Leone); >(iii) or retired in conditions of pluralism and the open society >(like Leopold Senghor of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania, >and Nelson "Madiba" Mandela of South Africa who has announced he >will be retiring in 1999 after a most distinguished political >career). > > The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet >substantial purposes: >(1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom >and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic >statesmen and women. >(2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a >continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus >engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa. >(3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the >presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive >asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing". > > We hope that the OAU Council of Ministers and Presidents will >heed our clarion call for the establishment of a Pan-African Senate >which, we believe, will significantly address the sore emanating >from the problem of political succession in Africa. > >Sincerely, > >signed > >(001) Ibe Ibeike-Jonah, Ithaca NY (Nigerian) >(002) Prof. Ali Mazrui, Director Global Cultural Studies, SUNY >Binghamton NY >(003) Ed Mabaya, Mutare Zimbabwe >(004) Krishna Rao, New Delhi India >(005) Gibson Guvheya, Masvingo, Zimbabwean >(006) Dr Michel Del Buono, Cornell University/World Bank >(007) Araz Mekhtiev, Baku Azerbaijan >(008) Prof. Muna Ndulo, Cornell Law School, Ithaca (Zambian) >(009) Abdou Oujimai Gibba (Gambian) >(010) >(011) >(012) >(013) >(014) >(015) >(016) >(017) >(018) >(019) >(020) >... >... >... >Cc: >- President Paul Biya of Cameroon, Outgoing OAU Chairman >- All African Heads of State >- Dr Stanislaus Mudenge, Zimbabwean Foreign Minister >- All African Foreign Ministers >- Dr Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Secretary-General >- Mr Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General >- Chief Emeka Anyaoku, Commonwealth of Nations Secretary-General >- Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, former President of Tanzania >- Kenneth Kaunda, former President of Zambia >- Olusegun Obasanjo, former Head of State of Nigeria >- Leopold Senghor, former President of Senegal >- Nicephore Soglo, former President of Benin Republic >- Julius Maada Bio, former Head of State of Sierra Leone >- Ibrahima Sy, OAU Representative to the UN >- Edouard E. Benjamin, ECOWAS Executive Secretary >- Kaire Mbuende, SADC Executive Secretary >- K. Y. Amoako, ECA Executive Secretary >- All African Media Outlets >- All African Non-governmental Organizations > > >
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 10:10:18 GMT From: "Per E. Grotnes" <perg@nfh.uit.no> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia Message-ID: <1.5.4.16.19970430113046.27d78336@draugen.nfh.uit.no> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
At 08:47 29.04.97 -0400, you wrote: > Hi folks, >Perhaps this is a good time to ask some questions about health >matters. It was about 1990 when I came across the use of mosquito nets >impregnated in some insecticide to repell mosquitoes. I did not have >the opportunity to talk to any health expert then but do anyone know >the type of insecticide used? I must say the results were really >impressive. For even ant don't make it if they come in contact with >the net. also is the insecticide still being used? > >Malanding Jaiteh > > >The chemical you are looking for is Permethrin. Commericial preparations of Permethrin are currently sold under the names: Coulston's Duranon Tick Repellent, Coulston's Duranon Odorless Tick Repellent, Perma-kill Tick & Flea Repellent for Dogs, Coulston's 4 week Tick Killer There are certainly other suppliers of this compound. Most commercial gardeners will be using one form of it. The chemical is presumably non-toxic to humans. Actually is is also "safe" for insects as its main effect is to repel and not to kill. I and my two sons in the Gambia use it to make mosquito nets more efficient.
best wishes from perg
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 13:15:51 GMT0BST From: "MOMODOU MUSA CEESAY" <LEY5MC1@ccn6.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk> To: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca>, gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <33E0750C21@ccn6.ccc.nottingham.ac.uk>
ALLAH SAID MARRY UP TO FOUR (IF YOU CAN BE FAIR TO THEM) NOT THREE OR JUST TWO.
ALMOST ALL THE PROBLEMS BEING MENTIONED HERE ARE NOT REALLY POLYGAMY PROBLEMS.
IN ISLAM IT HAS BEEN PLAINLY STATED THAT THE WOMEN SHOULD BE TAKEN CARE OF BY THE MEN.
So one can only conclude that the controversy surrounding polygamy is more to do with strange mixture of religion, culture , the very familiar vices of human nature as well as people basing the decisions they make on their whims and desire.
Islam cannot be practiced partially. It just doesn't work if we pick and choose. If we limit IT to two wives ,then what about the man who can treat four fairly,more important what about the women who do not mind sharing with three other women. And the point that women enter polygamous relationship because they want to prove a point or steal someone's husband just doesn't hold. Why can't they simply have an affair with the man to prove their Point? And why do we agree that women seem to want married men more than Bachelors. Very simple :they WOULD LOVE TO GET MARRIED. The situation's the same in the west, women are attracted to married men; they only settle for worse because the see so many marriges failing.And they fail most the time because ONE PARTY IS NOT BEING FAIR! . Why do we think so many married men cheat on their wives. Like a man married guy once said " if only i knew how women desire married guys, i'd have worn a ring on my finger the minute i enter college." Its only my humble opinion but do not blame polygamy. I come from a polygamous family and i've also observed the many problems that seems to follow it but i rise above it to honestly admit that polygamy 's not to be blamed.By the way a husband can love one of his wive more (matters of the heart), but using the brain he can still be VERY FAIR. AND i don't think some women would mind this. Peace, Elhaj.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 12:43:53 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <970430124352_-400240336@emout11.mail.aol.com>
Soffie, I agree. These are people who definitely lack self esteem, as well as the ones who entertian or encourage them. I believe that if the women and men in these relationships did not encourage these behaviours, they would not happen.I seem to have upset a whole lot of folk by my views on this issue, but let's face it, this is not about to go away in our culture any time soon.There is also the issue that we have more women than men in Gambia e.g. and with a lot of the men leaving the country to settle elsewhere and not always choosing to marry Gambian women, where do you suppose these women are going to find husbands. l would like some feed back on this, please.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 10:01:26 -0700 (PDT) From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Dr Sheku Kamara's debut novel Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.95.970430094923.28120C-100000@saul4.u.washington.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Gambia-l, I am forwarding a review of Dr Sheku Kamara's novel which was posted in LEONENET, Sierra Leone's equivalent of Gambia-l. Dr Kamara is a citizen of Sierra Leone and also a member of Gambia-l who also contributes to the discussions and issues. Thanks Tony
Hi Netters:
Considering the paucity of creative literary works by Sierra Leoneans, S.G. Kamara's debut novel is a welcome addition to the "tiny" corpus.
This novel, written in crisp, intimate, accessible, and evocative prose, is a powerful dramatization of the gradual but inevitable erosion both of TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY, and the foundation on which rests the EPISTEMOLOGY and COSMOLOGY of a traditional African community.
Set in Sierra Leone, in particular, Northern and Southern parts of the country, the novel follows the birth and development to adulthood of Demba, the son of a wealthy Muslim Mandingo (Djoula) in the village of KINDIASO. The vivid dramatization of traditional ceremonies and festivities transports the reader to her/his community be it in Leicester, Funkia, Lunsar, Rotifunk, Rokupr, or Kailahun.
The reader witnesses, sometimes invited to participate in, the pain, anguish, and frustration that N'na Iye and Mogofin, human embodiments of tradition, go through as they helplessly watch the edifice of BADENIA disintegrate in the face of CHANGE. Badenia, the BUILDING UP principle, holds society together, while FADAINYA, the BREAKING DOWN principle, pulls society apart. The struggle between these two principles is effectively dramatized both in the actions of characters and in their minds.
Among other things the novel raises issues like the relationship between the individual and society in a traditional African Society; Is probing the unknown : SEERING, FORTUNE TELLING, PSYCHIC HOTLINE, an art or a science? What are the differences between traditional religion(s) and Islam /Christianity? Marriage and Family Feuds; gender relations etc.
One of the blessings of this book is the author's eye for keen observation and the corresponding knack for vivid descriptions. Witness this:
Other women wearing seductive dresses, short skirts or lappas, to expose their beautiful thighs and legs, pace back and forth around the dimly-lit areas. They wiggle their attractive waists and behinds along with their bouncy breasts, with the pointed teats impressed on their scanty blouses (p.166).
The novel ends with Demba searching for answers to questions about the value of the traditions from which he is being gradually alienated, and the "superiority" of the systems imposed upon him.
*** There is a whole lot more in this novel. It is worth reading.
The book is published in 1996 by MINERVA PRESS in England. For more information call S.G. Kamara at 206 824 1785 / 206 756 2863.
We de look befo!
Na in dat.
Sheikh Umarr Kamarah
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 14:42:01 -0400 From: Sukai Gaye <sg125909@gwmail.kysu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: New Member -Reply Message-ID: <s3675a93.080@gwmail.kysu.edu>
Hi Gambian brothers and sisters, My name is Sukai Gaye and I am a student at Kentucky State University. I am a Freshman majoring in Computer science. I went to high school at Gambia high and sixth form at Saint Augustines, class of '93 and '95 respectively. Anyway, I'm really thrilled to a member of Gambia on line and also hope that it be a worthwhile, interesting and educative endeavor. Hope to hear from you soon. Bye.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 14:30:30 -0500 (EST) From: Ousman Gajigo <gajigoo@wabash.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <9C4D90196A@scholar.wabash.edu> MIME-version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Elhaj,
"Polygamy is fine if you can treat the women fairly..." is a very common saying. But the fact is NO ONE can treat numerous wives equally. There will always be a favorite and others won't appreciate it. And no one has ever done it before!
Even if we assume a husband can treat several wives equally, let us not forget about the future of the children. Generations ago, one can marry several wives and have a bunch of kids and can still take care of them. But today's life just doesn't allow that. Just because the Koran okay's polygamy does not mean we have bring children in the world without thinking of the consequencies.
Ousman %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Ousman Gajigo Morris Hall 107 Crawfordsville, IN 47933 (phone): 765 361 7096 Fax: 765 361 6295 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 19:19:45 -0400 (EDT) From: Ancha Bala-Gaye u <bala7500@mach1.wlu.ca> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9704301901.A24556-0100000@mach1.wlu.ca> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, Ousman Gajigo wrote:
> Even if we assume a husband can treat several wives equally, let us > not forget about the future of the children. Generations ago, one can > marry several wives and have a bunch of kids and can still take care > of them. But today's life just doesn't allow that. Just because the > Koran okay's polygamy does not mean we have bring children in the > world without thinking of the consequencies. I have to agree with Ousman here. It's all well and good if one can treat two or more wives " equally" ( whatever the definition of that is to some people), but what about the children????. I believe that when the Kuran was written, it was written at a time when life was a little less "complex" than todays. having land on which to farm on etc, I guess sort of guaranteed your future and that of your children ( is this wrong??). So one didn't have to worry about the childrens future too much. Again as Jabou mentioned, with more women than men, polygammy was and can be a good idea. But what about today?? Today, it is almost essential that both parents work inorder to support their children. Will I be generalising too much by assuming that a lot of the men involved in polygammous marriages are older?? Well, based on this assumption, what off the children thatcome off these marriages???? Or should we just say that "the husbands brother will take care of them??" What of this brothers problems??? Or should we depend on his feelings of compassion?? And even if the man wasn't old??? things are very expensive nowadays. Just putting one child through school is expensive enough rather than 2,3,4,etc. Anyway, I have to leave now hence can't expand....... Ancha.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 18:46:46 -0500 (CDT) From: umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: New Member Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970430184343.4575B-100000@pollux.cc.umanitoba.ca> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: QUOTED-PRINTABLE
On Tue, 29 Apr 1997, Sarian Loum wrote:
> All, >=20 > Alhaji Manta Drammeh has been added to the list as requested by Sanusi. = Alhaji welcome aboard and please send in your intro to the list. >=20 > Sarian >=20 Alhaji!!! =09This is your Alieu Jawara, your brother! how's it in Malaysia? Send=20 me your e-mail address and I'll talk to you soon.
Wassalaamun =E1la manit taba=E1l huda. =20
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 23:11:34 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia Message-ID: <970430231021_610160005@emout19.mail.aol.com>
Malnding, l would also like to know the insecticide used and what the effect on long term exposure to it could do to humans.
Jabou.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 08:49:52 -0400 From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia Message-ID: <199705011249.IAA28747@oak.ffr.mtu.edu>
> From GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Wed Apr 30 23:13:32 1997 > Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 23:11:34 -0400 (EDT) > From: Gunjur@AOL.COM > To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> > Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia > X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.1 beta -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN > > Malnding, > l would also like to know the insecticide used and what the effect on long > term exposure to it could do to humans. > > Jabou. >
Jabou, this is what I got from one of the members. Believe me its one of those "Miracle Grow" solutions.
Malanding
>From GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Wed Apr 30 06:11:52 1997 Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 10:10:18 GMT From: "Per E. Grotnes" <perg@nfh.uit.no> To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: Fwd: WHO: Vaccine Test Succesful in Gambia to Prevent Pneumonia Mime-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: perg@draugen.nfh.uit.no X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.1 beta -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN
At 08:47 29.04.97 -0400, you wrote: > Hi folks, >Perhaps this is a good time to ask some questions about health >matters. It was about 1990 when I came across the use of mosquito nets >impregnated in some insecticide to repell mosquitoes. I did not have >the opportunity to talk to any health expert then but do anyone know >the type of insecticide used? I must say the results were really >impressive. For even ant don't make it if they come in contact with >the net. also is the insecticide still being used? > >Malanding Jaiteh > > >The chemical you are looking for is Permethrin. Commericial preparations of Permethrin are currently sold under the names: Coulston's Duranon Tick Repellent, Coulston's Duranon Odorless Tick Repellent, Perma-kill Tick & Flea Repellent for Dogs, Coulston's 4 week Tick Killer There are certainly other suppliers of this compound. Most commercial gardeners will be using one form of it. The chemical is presumably non-toxic to humans. Actually is is also "safe" for insects as its main effect is to repel and not to kill. I and my two sons in the Gambia use it to make mosquito nets more efficient.
best wishes from perg
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 15:31:16 +0000 From: "M'BAI OF" <O.F.M'Bai@icsl.ac.uk> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: TAMSIR M'BAI Message-ID: <199705011428.PAA05529@netmail.city.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
hi tamsir please mail me as i have mistakenly deleted all the addresses in my address book.
PS Gambia-l my apologies for this mail as it private
thank you
m'bai omar f.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 08:26:45 -0700 (PDT) From: Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu> To: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <Pine.A41.3.95b.970501082333.28794B-100000@dante30.u.washington.edu> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
This discussion on polygamy is very interesting...I was reminded of a passage from Birago Diop's Tales of Amadou Koumba, where he writes: "In the matter of wives two is not a good number. The man who wants to avoid quarrels, shouting, grousing, reproaches, and nasty innuendoes must have at least three wives, or else one, but never two. Two women in the same house always have with them a third companion, who is not only good for nothing, but also happens to be the worst of bad councellors. This companion is shrill-voiced Envy, bitter as tamarind juice."......Reactions? Ylva
On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, Ancha Bala-Gaye u wrote:
> > > On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, Ousman Gajigo wrote: > > > Even if we assume a husband can treat several wives equally, let us > > not forget about the future of the children. Generations ago, one can > > marry several wives and have a bunch of kids and can still take care > > of them. But today's life just doesn't allow that. Just because the > > Koran okay's polygamy does not mean we have bring children in the > > world without thinking of the consequencies. > > I have to agree with Ousman here. It's all well and good if one can treat > two or more wives " equally" ( whatever the definition of that is to some > people), but what about the children????. I believe that when the Kuran > was written, it was written at a time when life was a little less > "complex" than todays. having land on which to farm on etc, I guess sort of > guaranteed your future and that of your children ( is this wrong??). So > one didn't have to worry about the childrens future too much. Again as > Jabou mentioned, with more women than men, polygammy was and can be a good > idea. But > what about today?? Today, it is almost essential that both parents work > inorder to support their children. Will I be generalising > too much by assuming that a lot of the men involved in polygammous > marriages are older?? Well, based on this assumption, what off the > children thatcome off these marriages???? Or should we just say that "the > husbands brother will take care of them??" What of this brothers problems??? > Or should we depend on his feelings of compassion?? > And even if the man wasn't old??? things are very expensive nowadays. > Just putting one child through school is expensive enough rather than > 2,3,4,etc. Anyway, I have to leave now hence can't expand....... > Ancha. >
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 11:55:22 -0400 (EDT) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Polygamy Message-ID: <199705011555.LAA22815@cedar.ffr.mtu.edu> Content-Type: text
> > This discussion on polygamy is very interesting...I was reminded of a > passage from Birago Diop's Tales of Amadou Koumba, where he writes: "In > the matter of wives two is not a good number. The man who wants to avoid > quarrels, shouting, grousing, reproaches, and nasty innuendoes must have > at least three wives, or else one, but never two. Two women in the same > house always have with them a third companion, who is not only good for > nothing, but also happens to be the worst of bad councellors. This > companion is shrill-voiced Envy, bitter as tamarind > juice."......Reactions? Ylva > >
I like this one Ylva. Thank you.
Malanding
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 19:39:13 +2000 From: mmjeng@image.dk To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Fwd:Ten African States Creat Tolerance Network. Message-ID: <199705011721.TAA02298@ns.image.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
Ten African States Create Tolerance Network
May 1, 1997
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA) - Ten African states have decided to create a network for the promotion of tolerance, non-violence and peace on the continent.
The network was created in Dakar, Senegal, at the end of a conference on the promotion of values of tolerance, which ended on Wednesday.
The members of the network are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritius, Senegal and Togo.
According to a final report produced at the end of the meeting, the network will seek to coordinate the international community's response to the challenges of intolerance and violence.
The network expects to develop this response through the careful analysis of the root causes of these phenomena and by supporting the execution of research programmes in social sciences and education for tolerance, human rights, non-violence and peace.
To achieve these aims, the conference stressed the need to improve the training of teachers, development of school curricula and manuals.
The objective is to train responsible citizens who live in solidarity with each other, open to other cultures, capable of appreciating the value of freedom, respect the dignity of human beings and their differences and able to prevent conflicts or to settle them by non-violent means .
In the final document, the participants called for increased communication and cooperation among non-governmental organisations dealing with projects aimed at combating intolerance.
Greetings. Matarr M. Jeng.
Copyright =A9 1997 Panafrican News Agency. All Rights Reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 19:39:13 +2000 From: mmjeng@image.dk To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Fwd: Diouf Worried By Crippling School Strikes. Message-ID: <199705011721.TAA02304@ns.image.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
Happy May Day To All Of You And Welcome To All New Members. Greetings. Matarr M. Jeng http://www.image.dk/~mmjeng/
Diouf Worried By Crippling School Strikes
May 1, 1997
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA) - Senegal's president Abdou Diouf on Thursday in Dakar expressed concern at the ongoing strike by school pupils and teachers which has paralysed the country's public education system.
The President said this after listening to a list of workers grievances prepared by the country's umbrella trade union, the Confederation of Workers Trade Union during May Day celebrations in the Senegalese capital.
He was referring to cyclical strikes by teachers, students and pupils, which have been going on since this year's academic year started in October 1996.
Senegalese public school teachers have gone on strike to press demands for improved salaries and living conditions.
Let us save the Senegalese school system which is our pride and our greatest wealth, Diouf said, urging all the parties concerned to engage in serious negotiations.
Copyright =A9 1997 Panafrican News Agency. All Rights Reserved.
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 09:45:06 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <970501094451_840551389@emout01.mail.aol.com>
Ancha, l think this is where a lot of people are missing the point of the directive in the Qu'ran. Clearly, one has to be in a position to afford having more than one wife and many children. The problem we have here is that those who cannot afford this are engaging in it just to satisfy their own lust. The Qu'ran is never out-dated , Allah's wisdom is timeless, it is man's understanding of it that is wanting.
Jabou
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 01 May 1996 22:25:28 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Polygamy Message-ID: <3187BAA7.930@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Ylva Hernlund wrote: > > This discussion on polygamy is very interesting...I was reminded of a > passage from Birago Diop's Tales of Amadou Koumba, where he writes: "In > the matter of wives two is not a good number. The man who wants to avoid > quarrels, shouting, grousing, reproaches, and nasty innuendoes must have > at least three wives, or else one, but never two. Two women in the same > house always have with them a third companion, who is not only good for > nothing, but also happens to be the worst of bad councellors. This > companion is shrill-voiced Envy, bitter as tamarind > juice."......Reactions? Ylva > > > > > > te: > > > > > Even if we assume a husband can treat several wives equally, let us > > > not forget about the future of the children. Generations ago, one can > > > marry several wives and have a bunch of kids and can still take care > > > of them. But today's life just doesn't allow that. Just because the > > > Koran okay's polygamy does not mean we have bring children in the > > > world without thinking of the consequencies. > > > > I have to agree with Ousman here. It's all well and good if one can treat > > two or more wives " equally" ( whatever the definition of that is to some > > people), but what about the children????. I believe that when the Kuran > > was written, it was written at a time when life was a little less > > "complex" than todays. having land on which to farm on etc, I guess sort of > > guaranteed your future and that of your children ( is this wrong??). So > > one didn't have to worry about the childrens future too much. Again as > > Jabou mentioned, with more women than men, polygammy was and can be a good > > idea. But > > what about today?? Today, it is almost essential that both parents work > > inorder to support their children. Will I be generalising > > too much by assuming that a lot of the men involved in polygammous > > marriages are older?? Well, based on this assumption, what off the > > children thatcome off these marriages???? Or should we just say that "the > > husbands brother will take care of them??" What of this brothers problems??? > > Or should we depend on his feelings of compassion?? > > And even if the man wasn't old??? things are very expensive nowadays. > > Just putting one child through school is expensive enough rather than > > 2,3,4,etc. Anyway, I have to leave now hence can't expand....... > > Ancha. > >
--
ylva!! I THINK MR.DIOP MAY HAVE A POINT OR TWO HERE!!
REGARDS BASSSS!!
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 01 May 1996 23:01:31 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Polygamy Message-ID: <3187C31B.4565@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Gunjur@aol.com wrote: > > Ancha, > l think this is where a lot of people are missing the point of the directive > in the Qu'ran. Clearly, one has to be in a position to afford having more > than one wife and many children. The problem we have here is that those who > cannot afford this are engaging in it just to satisfy their own lust. The > Qu'ran is never out-dated , Allah's wisdom is timeless, it is man's > understanding of it that is wanting. > > Jabou
JABBOU!! IN A GAMBIA WHERE WOMEN HAVE BEEN ENPOWERED ENOUGH TO HAVE THE TOOLS AND SKILLS TO TAKE CARE OF AND DEPEND ON THEMSELVES - IN SUCH A GAMBIA,IT WOULDN'T BE A REQUIREMENT THAT A MAN MUST BE MONEYED BEFORE THREE WOMEN COULD HAVE HIM AS THEIR PARTNER.IT SOUNDS DISTURBINGLY CAPITALISTIC TO ME THE SUGGESTION THAT ONLY MEN WITH MONEY SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO HAVE MULTIPLE FEMALE PARTNERS AT ANY GIVEN TIME.SOME WELL-TO-DO GAMBIAN MEN ARE VERY INTELLIGENT AND STILL OTHERS HAVE VERY GOOD QUALITIES (CHARACTER,INTEGRITY,CONSCIENCE AND EVEN PHYSICAL HEALTH AND ATTRATIVENESS), QUALITIES TOTALLY UNRELATED TO MONEY AND YET EQUALLY IMPORTANT.SO,REDUCING THE PASS MARK TO ONLY MONEY IS NOT AT ALL A FARSIGHTED SOLUTION,SAYING NOTHING OF ITS INJUSTICE TO BOTH MEN AND WOMEN.
REGARDS BASSSS!!! -- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 17:14:22 -0400 (EDT) From: ASJanneh@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: New Member Message-ID: <970501171411_1953595602@emout13.mail.aol.com>
Gambia-l:
M.M. Scattred Janneh is our newest member. We expect a formal introduction from him soon. Welcome on board, brother.
Amadou
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 1 May 97 18:11:31 PDT From: MAKE THAT VISION A REALITY <ABARROW@rr5.rr.intel.com> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: New Member Message-ID: <9705020111.utk2957@RR5.intel.com>
MM.,
Welcome aboard the Gambia-l ! I hope you will find this medium educative and interesting.
Feel free to throw in your views during breaks from school.
We are looking forward to your contributions to the BANTABA.
Regards,
Pa-Abdou
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 02 May 1996 09:11:14 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU Subject: RE: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <31885201.2AEC@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
> Ancha, > l think this is where a lot of people are missing the point of the dire= ctive > in the Qu'ran. Clearly, one has to be in a position to afford having mo= re > than one wife and many children. The problem we have here is that those= who > cannot afford this are engaging in it just to satisfy their own lust. T= he > Qu'ran is never out-dated , Allah's wisdom is timeless, it is man's > understanding of it that is wanting. >=20 > Jabou
JABBOU!! IN A GAMBIA WHERE WOMEN HAVE BEEN ENPOWERED ENOUGH TO HAVE THE TOOLS AND SKILLS TO TAKE CARE OF AND DEPEND ON THEMSELVES - IN SUCH A GAMBIA,IT WOULDN'T BE A REQUIREMENT THAT A MAN MUST BE MONEYED BEFORE THREE WOMEN COULD HAVE HIM AS THEIR PARTNER.IT SOUNDS DISTURBINGLY CAPITALISTIC TO ME THE SUGGESTION THAT ONLY MEN WITH MONEY SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO HAVE MULTIPLE FEMALE PARTNERS AT ANY GIVEN TIME.SOME WELL-TO-DO GAMBIAN MEN ARE VERY INTELLIGENT AND STILL OTHERS HAVE VERY GOOD QUALITIES (CHARACTER,INTEGRITY,CONSCIENCE AND EVEN PHYSICAL HEALTH AND ATTRATIVENESS), QUALITIES TOTALLY UNRELATED TO MONEY AND YET EQUALLY IMPORTANT.SO,REDUCING THE PASS MARK TO ONLY MONEY IS NOT AT ALL A FARSIGHTED SOLUTION,SAYING NOTHING OF ITS INJUSTICE TO THE MAJORITY OF MEN AND WOMEN.
REGARDS BASSSS!!! --=20 -- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 15:44:53 +0800 (SGT) From: Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: Polygamy Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970502091852.2420B-100000@talabah.iiu.my> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Momodou Musa Ceesay, well done for your posting. Polygamy is a permissible act only for those who can be fair with their wives and fulfil all their material needs. Allah will not hold anybody responsible for loving one wife more than the other, for we have no control over our hearts. Omar the second kalif of Islam once said :" O'Allah I have no control over my heart but I will try to be fair in other things between my wives". I believe that polygamy could well serve as a solution to some of our social problems such as reducing the number of unmarried women and widows in our socities. In an ideal Islamic state no woman should stay single the whole of her life, it makes no sense to me for someone to have a wife and ten mistresses as it is the case in some places. If you have uncontrollable sexual desire, it is better to be polygamous. It might not be the perfect answer to male prostitution but there is no harm in subscribing to it either.
On one hand many people have failed to understand where polygamy stemmed from, fingers are always pointed at Islam. Polygamy is not new to Africans nor to the Arab and the jewish people. It has been going on for centuries, it's mentioned in surah sa'd that Dawud[a]- king David- had ninty nine wives and our beloved prophet Muhammad (P.b.u.h) had 11 wives for multiple reasons. I can proudly point out that Islam did not come up with a new social contract, it only put a limit to the number of wives one can wed. To ensure justice among all couples.
In short, For brothers who can not fulfil their material obligations and ensure fairness among their partners should refrain from the above practice. Pleaseeeeeeee! give our sisters and mothers a break. You are not qualified for this job.
Sanusi.
On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, MOMODOU MUSA CEESAY wrote:
> ALLAH SAID MARRY UP TO FOUR (IF YOU CAN BE FAIR TO THEM) NOT THREE > OR JUST TWO. > > ALMOST ALL THE PROBLEMS BEING MENTIONED HERE ARE NOT REALLY POLYGAMY > PROBLEMS. > > IN ISLAM IT HAS BEEN PLAINLY STATED THAT THE WOMEN SHOULD BE TAKEN > CARE OF BY THE MEN. > > So one can only conclude that the controversy surrounding polygamy > is more to do with strange mixture of religion, culture , the very > familiar vices of human nature as well as people basing the > decisions they make on their whims and desire. > > Islam cannot be practiced partially. It just doesn't work if we pick > and choose. If we limit IT to two wives ,then what about the man who > can treat four fairly,more important what about the women who do not > mind sharing with three other women. And the point that women enter > polygamous relationship because they want to prove a point or steal > someone's husband just doesn't hold. Why can't they simply have an > affair with the man to prove their Point? And why do we agree that > women seem to want married men more than Bachelors. Very simple :they > WOULD LOVE TO GET MARRIED. > The situation's the same in the west, women are attracted to married > men; they only settle for worse because the see so many marriges > failing.And they fail most the time because ONE PARTY IS NOT BEING > FAIR! . Why do we think so many married men cheat on their wives. > Like a man married guy once said " if only i knew how women desire > married guys, i'd have worn a ring on my finger the minute i enter > college." > Its only my humble opinion but do not blame polygamy. I come from a > polygamous family and i've also observed the many problems that seems > to follow it but i rise above it to honestly admit that polygamy 's > not to be blamed.By the way a husband can love one of his wive more > (matters of the heart), but using the brain he can still be VERY FAIR. > AND i don't think some women would mind this. > Peace, > Elhaj. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 15:46:33 +0800 (SGT) From: Senessie Turay <9210077@talabah.iiu.my> To: gambia-l <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: African First Ladies to Meet in Nigeria (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.91.970502154625.8086A-100000@talabah.iiu.my> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 08:56:36 -0400 From: Christiana Boyle <cboyle@AMAROQ.CES.NCSU.EDU> To: LEONENET@MITVMA.MIT.EDU Subject: African First Ladies to Meet in Nigeria
To: cboyle@amaroq Subject: (fwd) African First Ladies To Meet In Nigeria Newsgroups: soc.culture.liberia,soc.culture.nigeria,soc.culture.sierra-leone From: "Stephen B. Kennedy-IV" <sbkennedy@worldnet.att.net> Date: 30 Apr 1997 11:52:59 GMT
African First Ladies To Meet In Nigeria
April 29, 1997
Paul Ejime, PANA Correspondent
LAGOS, Nigeria (PANA) - Nigeria is to host the first African First ladies peace summit in Abuja, the Federal Capital, from May 5 to 7.
A spokesman at the Nigerian Presidency said the agenda for the Abuja summit is expected to focus on the search for peace in the troubled spots on the African continent.
Mamman Naisir, Chief Press Secretary to the Nigerian First Lady, Mariyam Abacha, said on Tuesday that most of the invited guests had agreed to attend personally or send delegates to the summit.
The meeting will be jointly organised by Nigeria, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), as well as the Africa Peace Mission secretariat, temporarily based in Abuja.
Nigerian Head of State, Gen. Sani Abacha will be the special guest of honour.
Nasir said the OAU Secretary general, Salim Ahmed Salim and officials of other international agencies would address the forum.
The summit was endorsed by the 65th OAU Council of Ministers during its session, held last February in Tripoli, Libya.
The ladies summit will be a follow-up to the 1995 World Women's Conference in Beijing, China.
According to the hosts, the meeting will part of the contribution of African women's contribution toward peace, in view of the fact that it is females and children who are the worst hit by the numerous conflicts on the continent.
-- Christiana Boyle
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 13:32:26 +0200 From: momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters Message-ID: <19970502123328.AAA21614@LOCALNAME>
The following appointments of Divisional Commissioners have been effected on the 17th April, 1997:- 1. Mr Dembo Badjie - Permanent Secretary Office of the President, to be Commissioner, Lower River Division; 2. Mr Pa Sallah Jagne - Former Inspector General of Police, to be Commissioner, Western Division; 3. Mr. Lamin Komma - to be Commissioner, North Bank Division; 4. Mr E.K. Sarr - to be Commissioner, Upper River division;
The present Commissioner, Western Division, Retired captain A. Kanteh, will be posted as Commissioner to Central River Division.
With these developments, Commissioner major Momodou Badjie of the URD will be redeployed back to the Army and Commissioner Captain Jassey of the LRD will retire from the Army and absorbed into the Civil service. It is further announced that after due consultations with the Public service Commission, Mrs fatou Bensuda, Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions has been appointed as Solicitor General and Legal Secretary, Attorney general s Chambers and Ministry of Justice with effect from 17th April, 1997.
********************************************************* >From a press release of the Secretary of State for Presidential Affairs, responsible for Fisheries and natural resources on 17th April, 1997.
"The Government has recently purchased, from the United Kingdom, two Westland Scout helicopters, specially designed for surveillance and rescue operations to compliment the efforts of the Gambia Navy (formerly the Marine Unit) and the Luxembourg Surveillance Team which is currently based in the country as part of a subregional cooperation agreement. With the help of the FM Radio transmitter stationed at the Fisheries Department and the Navy's Patrol Vessels, foreign boats poaching in our waters and persons attempting to degrade our environment, could be easily identified and apprehended by these helicopters."
Peace Momodou Camara ******************************************************* http://home3.inet.tele.dk/mcamara
**"Start by doing what's necessary, then what's possible and suddenly you are doing the impossible"***
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 09:24:39 -0400 (EDT) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: msjaiteh@mtu.edu (Malanding S. Jaiteh) Subject: Re: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters Message-ID: <199705021324.JAA29871@oak.ffr.mtu.edu> Content-Type: text
> > The following appointments of Divisional Commissioners have been > effected on the 17th April, 1997:- > 1. Mr Dembo Badjie - Permanent Secretary Office of the President, to > be Commissioner, Lower River Division; > 2. Mr Pa Sallah Jagne - Former Inspector General of Police, to be > Commissioner, Western Division; > 3. Mr. Lamin Komma - to be Commissioner, North Bank Division; > 4. Mr E.K. Sarr - to be Commissioner, Upper River division; > > The present Commissioner, Western Division, Retired captain A. > Kanteh, will be posted as Commissioner to Central River Division. > > With these developments, Commissioner major Momodou Badjie of the URD > will be redeployed back to the Army and Commissioner Captain Jassey > of the LRD will retire from the Army and absorbed into the Civil > service. > It is further announced that after due consultations with the Public > service Commission, Mrs fatou Bensuda, Deputy Director of Public > Prosecutions has been appointed as Solicitor General and Legal > Secretary, Attorney general s Chambers and Ministry of Justice with > effect from 17th April, 1997. >
This is indeed a very bold step in the right direction.
Malanding Jaiteh
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 15:38:08 +0200 (MET DST) From: Olafiaklinikken Olafia <olafia@online.no> To: <Gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: OPINION GAMBIA COLLEGE Message-ID: <199705021338.PAA20999@online.no> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hello Folks once again.
After reporting what was needed at the Gambia College after my return from the Gambia. This article to the net is my opinion.
The situation at the Gambia College is not really encouraging. I am not the right person to judge or justify were the priorities of education lie in the Gambia. The educational institutes that nedds real help is the Gambia College and primay schools. When it concerns senior secondary schools there is no need for urgent assistance for the momemnt according to my observations and point of view. These senior secondary schools has skyrockets schoolfees with undimensional competition to be the best. They have computer rooms, adequate labs, up dated libraries and so on.
To enter the offices of the heads of departments at the Gambia College is really embrassing there are no carpets on floors and samething applies to the oval area centering the offices of the principal, V. Principal, Registra and Deputy Registra, with one old mahogany table as chair as the only visible furniture.Waiting for either of the aboove mention you have to to be soldier for a quite a while. The floors smiles to you with its concrete teeths through the cement floor. I was told that the floors were like this without carpets. The gambia College been our highest institute of learning is not a proud site or pride to any concern Gambian.
We can help to assisst with materials we can effort or lay our hands upon and i am quite convince that we will all do our utmost best towards this good will to our homeland. But the problem dosen=B4t only lie on the educational materials but also the environment that surround the College and its various faculties. There has been a practice in my old schooldays in the Gambai which later became a custom.That is caretakers are employed but for what? to sweep the clasrooms and the offices.
There should be a tense of responsiblity from the Principal and board of directors of the Gambia College concerning renovation. From what i saw at the College there have been only reparation going on all these years and not renovation. "RENOVATION IS CHEAPER THAT REPAIRING" Caretakers with a tradesman background like carpenters, electricians, painters should be= employed.
What we can do is just to contribute on the performance and academical progress through materials, but not the environment that surrounds the College and makes it desirable and comfortable to study. This have to be done by the concern authorities. And if at all there are any wishes, hopes, dreams to upgrade the Gambia college then the concern and responsible authorities should start doing some of the lots to be done.
As i wrote in my first report all comments and questions are welcome.
With kind regards
Omar S. Saho,=20
Next it will be the health issue, E.G. the biggest city in the Gambia Serrekunda has just a health center in the middle of the market place, the new hospital at Frafenni communication and infrastructure. What would have been the advantages of upgrading Royal Victoria and Bansang Hospital. Meningitis in the Wuli district and mental health and others
WISHING YOU ALL A HAPPY WEEKEND
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 16:54:08 +0200 From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Asbj=F8rn_Nordam?= <asbjorn.nordam@dif.dk> To: "'gambia'" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: report on Gambia College Message-ID: <c=DK%a=_%p=DIF%l=DKDIFS02-970502145408Z-220@dkdifs02.dif.dk> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Thank you Omar S. Saho, for the fresh report from Gambia College. I=B4m satisfied, that one of you gambians did the judgement on the educational facilities in the Gambia. When it comes to us foreigners to judge, we never find it easy to give a picture on the situation. But I can understand that the conditions has become even worser since I payed visit exactly two years from now. I never got an answer which the donor-, sponsor- or coorporating University in Canada was, on which they layed all their hopes for help. Many of you are studying in USA or Europe. Maybe you could get some of your institutes to adopt a faculty in Gambia College, providing materials, equipment, books, etc., and have students/lecturer-exchange ? Waiting for the big international bi-lateral agreements takes time. The teachers and the board in the Gambia are "proud" people, and we should not embarrass them by saying all is just bad. But on the other hand, we can not help them so much, that they can bring the institute up to modern or "western" standard over night. We can only as family-members, gambians or friends of The Gambia do our little interpersonnal support. Maybe some of you can arrange a "Gambian day/night/week" at your university, make a small PR with an information-stand, videos, slides, and include a report/poster with the 5 -10 most wanted things/top-priorities on the help needed at The Gambia College, - collect all kind of contributions, and send one of the local students to the Gambia and hand over the money or/and material collected, so he/she with his own eyes can see, that the help is needed, and his fellow-student (in Gambia) will be glad to exchange. Call me naiv, because I after so many years still believe in such person-to-person relationship. Out of it will come life-long friendships. On the other hand I know that most of you (and me too) don=B4t want the gambians to "live of aid", sitting there as a small young bird waiting for the "mother/father" to come and feed it. You can raise your country by yourself, and will not be depending. Doing it one way or another - either by going home and help, or help from the position you have abroad ? Where to start and where to end is difficult for me to suggest. I just want as many gambians as possible to get an education, a job and a living in The Gambia.=20 So you can still count on me, when it comes to support the Gambia College, GTTI og other educational institutes. Asbj=F8rn Nordam
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 97 10:52:22 EDT From: "Numukunda Darboe(Mba)" <ndarboe@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Appointment of divisional Commissioners/ Two helicopters Message-ID: <ndarboe.1212972382B@sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu>
>The following appointments of Divisional Commissioners have been >effected on the 17th April, 1997:- >1. Mr Dembo Badjie - Permanent Secretary Office of the President, to >be Commissioner, Lower River Division; >2. Mr Pa Sallah Jagne - Former Inspector General of Police, to be >Commissioner, Western Division; >3. Mr. Lamin Komma - to be Commissioner, North Bank Division; >4. Mr E.K. Sarr - to be Commissioner, Upper River division; > >The present Commissioner, Western Division, Retired captain A. >Kanteh, will be posted as Commissioner to Central River Division. > >With these developments, Commissioner major Momodou Badjie of the URD >will be redeployed back to the Army and Commissioner Captain Jassey >of the LRD will retire from the Army and absorbed into the Civil >service.
THIS ACTION IS LONG OVERDUE. Nonetheless, this is what Gambia needs to be considered democratic AND NOT USING "ARMORY" TO INTIMIDATE PEOPLE. Let's hope these former soldier/commissioners will humbly go back to the barracks and faithfully serve the nation. I'm afraid and God forbids, if the conditions back at the barracks for them are not as favorable as they are for being commissioners, I can smell some grudges building up amongst themselves. Consequently, we can expect the repeat of the heinous and callous actions of the African soldiers who spend more time designing ways to overthrow their governments than defending them against the foe.
Anyway, I believe the former commissioner of CRD was some captain Badjie. I am wondering where he has been reassigned to. If he is the one that had been moved to URD, who did Kanteh succeed?
Numukunda
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 02 May 1997 12:33:49 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Fwd: U.N. Habitat Centre rejects investigation findings Message-ID: <336A176D.DF470249@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Copyright 1997 Reuters Ltd. All rights reserved. The following news report may not be republished or redistributed, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Reuters Ltd.
U.N. Habitat Centre rejects investigation findings By Manoah Esipisu NAIROBI, May 2 (Reuter) - The Nairobi-based U.N. Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) on Friday rejected as "incorrect in facts and judgement" a scathing internal probe report that said it urgently needed a financial and policy overhaul to survive. "A lot of the allegations have not been substantiated," Wally N'Dow, U.N. assistant secretary-general for Habitat, told a news conference in his first public reaction to the report. "The report has serious errors of fact, serious errors of judgement. It is not objective in its findings. We have conveyed our feelings to the (U.N.) secretary-general," N'Dow added. The report released last Friday by the U.N. office of Internal Oversight Services led by Karl Paschke of Germany said Habitat had few financial controls, hired unneeded consultants, assigned staff members to tasks they did not perform and functioned in a muddled organisational and policy structure. "Allowing the current state of affairs to persist for any length of time into the future would be reprehensible. Accordingly, the situation of Habitat is serious and should not be allowed to continue," the report said. U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan agreed with the findings in the document, according to his spokesman Fred Eckhard. The centre was created to study ways of improving the quantity and quality of housing for people in developing countries. Last June it organised a conference on the common problems of teeming cities throughout the world. A separate report commissioned by Uganda, South Africa, Denmark and the Netherlands into Habitat also spoke of problems in management, especially of financial resources, Habitat officials, who declined to be identified, told Reuters. Habitat spokeswoman Christina Engfeldt said Habitat would not publicly respond to that report because it was private. The U.N. inquiry report cited the case of an official who had been associated with a consultancy firm frequently awarded important contracts for projects under his supervision. "A special investigation into the circumstances leading to this situation is warranted," the report said. N'Dow said he had started "major restructuring of senior staff" but would not say whether employees who had previously abused their Habitat positions had been punished or would be. N'Dow, of Gambia, took over the Habitat centre in 1994 in an effort to give it leadership, but almost immediately had to delegate his responsibilities to two deputies so he could organise last June's Conference on Human Settlements in Istanbul. But their duties were worded in broad terms "and did not delineate the boundaries of the respective responsibilities, authorities and accountability," the U.N. report said. N'Dow said that description was not entirely accurate. Paschke also criticised personnel policies, the excessive hiring of consultants, the placing of staff in jobs that did not exist in the organisation's structure and the exaggeration of duties to justify classifying a post at a higher level. He said decisions relating to personnel and finance appeared to be made behind closed doors with little accountability. N'Dow made no comment on these accusations. But he said the report was not a setback and its recommendations would form part of a basis for continuing reform efforts in the U.N. centre. The Habitat Centre was set up after the first U.N. conference on human settlements, in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 02 May 1997 12:34:06 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Fwd: Africa-Press Africa: Weekly Press Review Message-ID: <336A177E.4C2642D8@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Africa-Press Africa: Weekly Press Review
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA, 05/02/97) - With pressure building on President Mobutu Sese Seko to resign, some newspapers this week commented on the latest developments in the troubled central African country. The Times of Zambia discussed the visit to Kinshasa by United States Envoy Bill Richardson, apparently to persuade Mobutu to meet rebel leader Laurent Kabila. The paper generally welcomed U.S. mediation for an orderly transition of power. Although U.S. intervention had come late, it said, it was still worthwhile because of uncertainty as to Kabila's behaviour if he shot his way to power. It further advised Richardson to reiterate American's position, "and this is that President Mobutu must resign" to pave way for a transitional government. "This is the only way to stop Kabila and his group from shooting themselves to power, a prospect that does not promise democracy," it said. At the same time, it said Mobutu's government could not be entrusted with organizing the elections because the administration had been "virtually rejected by its people." Therefore, it said: "President Clinton and other progressive forces should pressure all parties for a transitional administration comprising all the stakeholders." Concluding, it said that Mobutu had played his role as the unifying force that brought order to Zaire after the initial years of ethnic bloodletting. "But his time is over. He will be doing himself and his country a lot of good if he took the honourable exit of stepping down," it said. Brazzaville's Le Temps said the long search for a suitable place for the Kabila-Mobutu meeting "was worrying" for those hoping for an end to a war with incalculable consequences for Zaire and the whole subregion. "Brazzaville and Kinshasa are separated by a mere river. War in Kinshasa also means, to a large extent, war in Brazzaville," it said. Le Temps condemned the silence of Congolese politicians on the possibility of a war spill-over into the country's capital, an issue which, it said, should be of utmost national interest. "When the nation is threatened by external danger, logic requires that political foes forget their differences and save what they have in common," it said. Another Brazzaville paper, Le Republicain, expressed skepticism about the true mission of Western troops in Congo who, their governments say, are there in readiness to evacuate their nationals from Zaire. "The presence of Western troops, especially French and American, is meant to conquer the El Dorado (Zaire) with immense natural resources," it said. "The fact that one American-English multinational mining company has signed a mining contract with the rebels while Kabila has not yet been elected proves that the foreign troop presence in the subregion is aimed at [securing] Zaire and Congo's mineral resources," La Semaine Africaine added. New Citizen, a paper published in Banjul, commented on the candidature of Ebrahim Samba, a Gambian, as head of the World Health Organization. Samba, a Scottish trained surgeon, is the organization's regional director for Africa. "That Dr. Samba did not have much difficulty in landing the African job is a pointer to the fact that nominating him for the top WHO job is far from being a quixotic exercise," the New Citizen said. Samba, it reported, had said that even before he was supported by Gambia, he had been urged by Western countries to present his candidature. He had also said that his candidature was based on honesty and the trust and confidence people have in him. "Indeed, very few African technocrats can say this openly themselves. Meaning that Dr. Samba is indeed among a rare breed of Africans, especially at this juncture in our history, and we certainly need more of them," it said. "We, therefore, hope that Dr. Samba's many successes for other people, not to mention the personal ones (for he is a modest man), will encourage other Africans, and indeed non-Africans, to emulate him for the betterment of Africa and the rest of the world," it concluded. By Olu Sarr, PANA Staff Correspondent -0- Copyright 1997
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 21:05:06 +0200 From: momodou.camara@post3.tele.dk (Camara, Momodou) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: NCC Report On-line Message-ID: <19970502200612.AAA22608@LOCALNAME>
Gambia-l, You can now read the Report of the National Consultative Committee on the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council's Programme of Rectification and Timetable for Transition to Democratic Constitutional Rule in The Gambia On-line at: http://home3.inet.tele.dk/mcamara/ncc/
Have a good weekend Momodou Camara
******************************************************* http://home3.inet.tele.dk/mcamara
**"Start by doing what's necessary, then what's possible and suddenly you are doing the impossible"***
------------------------------
Date: 02 May 97 15:53:57 EDT From: "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM> To: GAMBIA-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: African First Ladies Mtg: Why not First Spouses? Message-ID: <970502195357_73244.2701_FHO56-1@CompuServe.COM>
WHY NOT FIRST SPOUSES?
In a way the Abuja Meeting seems quite sexist. It appears to bolster the role of the woman as a "First Lady". African ladies are just as capable as men of being heads of state. Liberia has a female head of state, and I wonder whether her husband (if she is married) was invited to what should probably be regarded as a "First Spouses Meeting." Further, even if she is married, it seems befitting to invite her as Honored Patron because of her historical achievement as a lady. That seems to be in line with the vision of the 1995 Beijing conference.
Just musing .....
Sheikh Gibril.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 02 May 1997 20:12:32 -0400 From: Latir Downes-Thomas <latir@earthlink.net> To: Gambia-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Fwd: Africa-Press, 1st Lead + *adds comments on Gambia* Message-ID: <336A82EF.77EE2E51@earthlink.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Africa-Press, 1st Lead writethru ED: adds comments ...
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA, 05/02/97) - With pressure building on President Mobutu Sese Seko to resign, some newspapers this week commented on the latest developments in the troubled central African country. The Times of Zambia discussed the visit to Kinshasa by United States Envoy Bill Richardson, apparently to persuade Mobutu to meet rebel leader Laurent Kabila. The paper generally welcomed U.S. mediation for an orderly transition of power. Although U.S. intervention had come late, it said, it was still worthwhile because of uncertainty as to Kabila's behaviour if he shot his way to power. It further advised Richardson to reiterate American's position, "and this is that President Mobutu must resign" to pave way for a transitional government. "This is the only way to stop Kabila and his group from shooting themselves to power, a prospect that does not promise democracy," it said. At the same time, it said Mobutu's government could not be entrusted with organizing the elections because the administration had been "virtually rejected by its people." Therefore, it said: "President Clinton and other progressive forces should pressure all parties for a transitional administration comprising all the stakeholders." Concluding, it said that Mobutu had played his role as the unifying force that brought order to Zaire after the initial years of ethnic bloodletting. "But his time is over. He will be doing himself and his country a lot of good if he took the honourable exit of stepping down," it said. Brazzaville's Le Temps said the long search for a suitable place for the Kabila-Mobutu meeting "was worrying" for those hoping for an end to a war with incalculable consequences for Zaire and the whole subregion. "Brazzaville and Kinshasa are separated by a mere river. War in Kinshasa also means, to a large extent, war in Brazzaville," it said. Le Temps condemned the silence of Congolese politicians on the possibility of a war spill-over into the country's capital, an issue which, it said, should be of utmost national interest. "When the nation is threatened by external danger, logic requires that political foes forget their differences and save what they have in common," it said. Another Brazzaville paper, Le Republicain, expressed skepticism about the true mission of Western troops in Congo who, their governments say, are there in readiness to evacuate their nationals from Zaire. "The presence of Western troops, especially French and American, is meant to conquer the El Dorado (Zaire) with immense natural resources," it said. "The fact that one American-English multinational mining company has signed a mining contract with the rebels while Kabila has not yet been elected proves that the foreign troop presence in the subregion is aimed at [securing] Zaire and Congo's mineral resources," La Semaine Africaine added. On Economic matters, a Gambian paper published in Banjul, the capital, commented on the recent agreement between Gambia and Senegal reopening the border hitherto closed to transit trade from Gambia to third countries in this western-most part of West Africa. The weekly, The Gambia News and Report, said that small-time traders, known locally as Bana-Bana, would be the losers of this agreement. The deal creates a banking mechanism through which Gambia's transit trade through Senegal to third countries must now be conducted. One reason why the transit trade thrived, it noted, was its informal nature "and it must be admitted that a failure to recognise this appears apparent in the bank guarantee scheme." Whether good or bad, workable or not, the agreement, it said, "has done nothing to solve the problem of the bana-banas, which may perhaps never be addressed again in view of the gross antipathy against anything that smacks at smuggling." The scheme, it added, could eventually mean that the big-time operators, who resort to the use of bonded warehouses in Gambia, will be the ones left to engage in the transit trade with similar big opertors in Senegal. For the hundreds of other small-time traders from third countries, illiterate but highly savvy traders, "all they are interested in are the goods on sale" in Banjul. "Whether these have already had our customs duty paid on them or not is of no concern to them. All they know is that the goods are of sufficient quality and the right price for them to profit in trading it back home," it said. The only problem now, it added, was that, being out of the chambers of commerce and the banking system, the small-time traders of Gambia and third countries may, in the end, be unable to strike deals. "Their failure to do this is what can land a death blow to the transit trade, now so miserably sick from years of border closure," it said. "The transit trade, as everyone truly knows, actually depends for its success more on these hundreds of informal traders and their well proven traditional ways than on the few who make use of bonded warehouses and can sit at the chambers of commerce and seek the guarantee banks have been authorised to give," it said. New Citizen, another Banjul paper, commented on the candidature of Ebrahim Samba, a Gambian, as head of the World Health Organization. Samba, a Scottish trained surgeon, is the organisation's regional director for Africa. "That Dr. Samba did not have much difficulty in landing the African job is a pointer to the fact that nominating him for the top WHO job is far from being a quixotic exercise," the New Citizen said. Samba, it reported, had said that even before he was supported by Gambia, he had been urged by Western countries to present his candidature. He had also said that his candidature was based on honesty and the trust and confidence people have in him. "Indeed, very few African technocrats can say this openly themselves. Meaning that Dr. Samba is indeed among a rare breed of Africans, especially at this juncture in our history, and we certainly need more of them," it said. "We, therefore, hope that Dr. Samba's many successes for other people, not to mention the personal ones (for he is a modest man), will encourage other Africans, and indeed non-Africans, to emulate him for the betterment of Africa and the rest of the world," it concluded. By Olu Sarr, PANA Staff Correspondent -0- Copyright 1997
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 12:08:44 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Polygamy Message-ID: <970503120843_2084296409@emout19.mail.aol.com>
Ylva Herlund and Malanding wrote:
<<> > This discussion on polygamy is very interesting...I was reminded of a > passage from Birago Diop's Tales of Amadou Koumba, where he writes: "In > the matter of wives two is not a good number. The man who wants to avoid > quarrels, shouting, grousing, reproaches, and nasty innuendoes must have > at least three wives, or else one, but never two. Two women in the same > house always have with them a third companion, who is not only good for > nothing, but also happens to be the worst of bad councellors. This > companion is shrill-voiced Envy, bitter as tamarind > juice."......Reactions? Ylva > >
I like this one Ylva. Thank you.
Malanding
Yeah, l can see where Birago Diop has a point, perhaps the solution here is to have so many that each wife will find it too tiresome to have to direct hostility at so many people that they'll all give up and live in harmony.
Jabou
----------------------- Headers -------------------------------- >From GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Thu May 1 12:04:54 1997 Return-Path: <GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu> Received: from lists2.u.washington.edu (lists2.u.washington.edu [140.142.56.1]) by mrin64.mail.aol.com (8.8.5/8.8.5/AOL-1.0.1) with ESMTP id MAA28232; Thu, 1 May 1997 12:04:51 -0400 (EDT) Received: from host (lists.u.washington.edu [140.142.56.13]) by lists2.u.washington.edu (8.8.4+UW97.04/8.8.4+UW97.04) with SMTP id IAA21760; Thu, 1 May 1997 08:55:55 -0700 Received: from mx4.u.washington.edu (mx4.u.washington.edu [140.142.33.5]) by lists.u.washington.edu (8.8.4+UW97.04/8.8.4+UW97.04) with ESMTP id IAA34916 for <gambia-l@lists.u.washington.edu>; Thu, 1 May 1997 08:55:43 -0700 Received: from news.mtu.edu (news.mtu.edu [141.219.70.11]) by mx4.u.washington.edu (8.8.4+UW96.12/8.8.4+UW97.04) with ESMTP id IAA26724 for <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>; Thu, 1 May 1997 08:55:40 -0700 Received: from mtu.edu (mtu.edu [141.219.70.1]) by news.mtu.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id LAA11491 for <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>; Thu, 1 May 1997 11:55:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from hemlock.ffr.mtu.edu (hemlock.ffr.mtu.edu [141.219.149.237]) by mtu.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id LAA01056 for <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>; Thu, 1 May 1997 11:55:28 -0400 (EDT) Received: from cedar.ffr.mtu.edu (cedar.ffr.mtu.edu [141.219.149.152]) by hemlock.ffr.mtu.edu (8.6.13/MTU-R1.9) with ESMTP id LAA00975 for <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>; Thu, 1 May 1997 11:55:24 -0400 Received: (from msjaiteh@localhost) by cedar.ffr.mtu.edu (8.6.10/MTU-C1.5) id LAA22815 for gambia-l@u.washington.edu; Thu, 1 May 1997 11:55:23 -0400 Message-Id: <199705011555.LAA22815@cedar.ffr.mtu.edu> Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 11:55:22 -0400 (EDT) Reply-To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Sender: GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Precedence: bulk From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: Polygamy In-Reply-To: <Pine.A41.3.95b.970501082333.28794B-100000@dante30.u.washington.e du> from "Ylva Hernlund" at May 1, 97 08:26:45 am Content-Type: text X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL24] X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.1 beta -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN >>
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 18:33:12 +2000 From: mmjeng@image.dk To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Fwd: African Ministers On Boosting Information Message-ID: <199705031535.RAA30064@ns.image.dk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: Quoted-printable
African Ministers Meet Monday On Boosting Information
May 3, 1997
DAKAR, Senegal (PANA) - Efforts to build an Africa information superhighway get closer to reality Monday when ministers responsible for economic and social development, and planning meet for four days beginning Monday to review a report on the implementation of the African Information Society Initiative.
The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa said Saturday, from its Addis Ababa headquarters, that attention will be given to the role of information and communications technologies in promoting trade and investment.
Another meeting organized by the commission in 1996 decided that, in the least, each African country needed to be connected to the internet over two years as a mark of progress in linking Africa to the superhighway.
The report contains a policy awareness project on the dissemination of the Information Society's Initiative framework in Africa and beyond. With government officials, international and regional organizations interested in information technology as its target groups, the project is widely distributed in its original and packaged forms for different audiences in major languages of the region.
A video programme entitled Building Internet to Ethiopia was produced by the U.N. commission and the World Bank. This was part of the commission's series on Building Africa's Information Highway -- a focus on success stories using information and communication technology from Egypt, Mozambique, Senegal and South Africa.
On Monday, ministers will also note that the commission has developed a Web site on the Africa Information Society Initiative currently housed at Bellanet, in Ottawa, Canada.
The society's report states that democratization of access to information is one of the focus areas it advocates.
Moving access from relatively wealthy urban centres to disadvantaged communities is the target, the commission said.
An major effort is being formulated to support the Information Society. It evolves around an appropriate approach to language and literacy development content, the development or conversion of content into usable electronic forms.
Others are the definition of learning, evaluation and impact assessment mechanisms through which best practices could be fed into future projects; and the impact of new technologies on gender.
A major symposium will take place May 7, involving senior industry chiefs. This is organized by the commission together with the Global Information Infrastructure Commission. It is scheduled to be broadcast live by satellite.
The Information Society Initiative originated from the African Symposium on Telematics for Development organized by the commission in 1995. This was done in cooperation with the International Telecommunications Union, the United Nations Education, Science and Cultural Organization, working through the African Networking Initiative.
Since then, the initiative has been endorsed by the Organization of African Unity, African Ministers of Telecommunications and some 29 partner bodies involved in African development.
Greetings. Matarr M. Jeng.
Copyright =A9 1997 Panafrican News Agency. All Rights Reserved.
Since then, the initiative has been endorsed by the Organization of African Unity, African Ministers of Telecommunications and some 29 partner bodies involved in African development.
Copyright =A9 1997 Panafrican News Agency. All Rights Reserved.
Material may not be redistributed, posted to any other location, published or used for broadcast without written authorization from the Panafrican News Agency. B.P. 4056, Dakar, Senegal. Tel: (221) 24-13-95 | Fax: (221) 24-13-90 | E-mail: quoiset@sonatel.senet.net
[ Daily News | Sports | Economics | Environment | Science & Health | Weekly Review ]
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 14:07:12 -0400 (EDT) From: Gunjur@aol.com To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: RE: POLYGAMY Message-ID: <970503140712_-1165806352@emout19.mail.aol.com>
Bass wrote:
JABBOU!! IN A GAMBIA WHERE WOMEN HAVE BEEN ENPOWERED ENOUGH TO HAVE THE TOOLS AND SKILLS TO TAKE CARE OF AND DEPEND ON THEMSELVES - IN SUCH A GAMBIA,IT WOULDN'T BE A REQUIREMENT THAT A MAN MUST BE MONEYED BEFORE THREE WOMEN COULD HAVE HIM AS THEIR PARTNER.IT SOUNDS DISTURBINGLY CAPITALISTIC TO ME THE SUGGESTION THAT ONLY MEN WITH MONEY SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO HAVE MULTIPLE FEMALE PARTNERS AT ANY GIVEN TIME.SOME WELL-TO-DO GAMBIAN MEN ARE VERY INTELLIGENT AND STILL OTHERS HAVE VERY GOOD QUALITIES (CHARACTER,INTEGRITY,CONSCIENCE AND EVEN PHYSICAL HEALTH AND ATTRATIVENESS), QUALITIES TOTALLY UNRELATED TO MONEY AND YET EQUALLY IMPORTANT.SO,REDUCING THE PASS MARK TO ONLY MONEY IS NOT AT ALL A FARSIGHTED SOLUTION,SAYING NOTHING OF ITS INJUSTICE TO THE MAJORITY OF MEN AND WOMEN.
REGARDS BASSSS
BASS,
Unfortunately, we do not have a Gambia yet where all the women are self sufficient. Some of them may be equipped to be so, but a great majority still lack the education, decent jobs or just plain opportunity to nurture an entrepreneurial spirit that will enable them to be self sufficient.A large number still look to their men as the sole source of support for them and their children. I agree wholeheartedly that there are many a Gambian brother who are not wealthy, but have all the makings of fine husbands indeed, which is more important in the long run. But what about the here and now? What about these women who have to depend on a husband now,and what about the many men now, who have the many wives and children they cannot afford to have? If they had weighed the facts before marrying all those wives, they could clearly see that they will only be causing hardships to the women and children. Those contemplating this move can and should still consider these factors and frankly not too many people can afford this.On the other hand, the women should also consider these factors before agreeing to marry a man with many wives but, we know that circumstances force many of them to go ahead anyway.
Jabou
- SZDD^d'3Af"
----------------------- Headers -------------------------------- >From GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Fri May 2 02:13:12 1997 Return-Path: <GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu> Received: from lists2.u.washington.edu (lists2.u.washington.edu [140.142.56.1]) by mrin61.mail.aol.com (8.8.5/8.8.5/AOL-1.0.1) with ESMTP id CAA21325; Fri, 2 May 1997 02:13:11 -0400 (EDT) Received: from host (lists.u.washington.edu [140.142.56.13]) by lists2.u.washington.edu (8.8.4+UW97.04/8.8.4+UW97.04) with SMTP id XAA24621; Thu, 1 May 1997 23:13:05 -0700 Received: from mx5.u.washington.edu (mx5.u.washington.edu [140.142.32.6]) by lists.u.washington.edu (8.8.4+UW97.04/8.8.4+UW97.04) with ESMTP id XAA41542 for <gambia-l@lists.u.washington.edu>; Thu, 1 May 1997 23:12:50 -0700 Received: from denmark.it.earthlink.net (denmark-c.it.earthlink.net [204.119.177.22]) by mx5.u.washington.edu (8.8.4+UW96.12/8.8.4+UW97.04) with ESMTP id XAA05248 for <GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU>; Thu, 1 May 1997 23:12:48 -0700 Received: from qatar.net.qa (qatar.net.qa [194.133.33.11]) by denmark.it.earthlink.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id XAA01788 for <GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU>; Thu, 1 May 1997 23:12:40 -0700 (PDT) Received: from qatar.net by qatar.net.qa (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4) id JAA01690; Fri, 2 May 1997 09:09:12 -0300 Message-Id: <31885201.2AEC@QATAR.NET.QA> Date: Thu, 02 May 1996 09:11:14 +0300 Reply-To: KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA Sender: GAMBIA-L-owner@u.washington.edu Precedence: bulk From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: RE: POLYGAMY MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win95; I) X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.1 beta -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN >>
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 19:13:43 -0400 (EDT) From: SBarry1035@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Just a Thought Message-ID: <970503191343_146891524@emout18.mail.aol.com>
Hello everyone,
A friend of mine suggested a wonderful idea which I thought I should run by the group. In about three weeks or so, some of our fellow Gambians will travel across the country to DC to celebrate African Liberation Day(ALD). They come in large numbers.
My friend suggested that this occassion could be an opportunity for Gambia-L to inform our people of our existence, enable us to recruit and raise fund for the education project in the works.
Let me know what you guys think. Gambia-Lers residing in metro DC who will be willing to participate let me hear from you.
Regards to all Sal Barry 301-519-9253
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 03 May 1996 17:12:49 +0300 From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: African First Ladies Mtg: Why not First Spouses? Message-ID: <318A1461.1DC3@QATAR.NET.QA> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Dr. S. G. Kamara wrote: > > WHY NOT FIRST SPOUSES? > > In a way the Abuja Meeting seems quite sexist. It appears to bolster > the role of the woman as a "First Lady". African ladies are just as > capable as men of being heads of state. Liberia has a female head > of state, and I wonder whether her husband (if she is married) was > invited to what should probably be regarded as a "First Spouses > Meeting." Further, even if she is married, it seems befitting to invite > her as Honored Patron because of her historical achievement as > a lady. That seems to be in line with the vision of the 1995 Beijing > conference. > > Just musing ..... > > Sheikh Gibril.
MR.KAMARA!! ABSOLUTELY CORRECT! KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK DOWN THERE!
REGARDS BASSSS!! -- SZDDˆð'3Af¨
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 4 May 1997 00:56:27 -0400 (EDT) From: Shieboyc@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Just a Thought Message-ID: <970504005627_610478130@emout07.mail.aol.com>
I think Mr. Barry's suggestion is very important. I highly welcome the idea. Most Gambians spend the African Liberation Day partying. Its a day of enjoyment, but I think there is more to it than that. It should be more of an educational venture. I think it will also be a good place to inform brothers and sisters of the educational programmes Gambia-L is up to for our belove country. Peace
Sheriff 301 9629472
------------------------------
End of GAMBIA-L Digest 66 *************************
|
|
|
Bantaba in Cyberspace |
© 2005-2024 Nijii |
|
|
|