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Momodou
Denmark
11513 Posts |
 Posted - 18 Jun 2021 : 20:04:04
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GAMBIA-L Digest 39
Topics covered in this issue include:
1) Introductory
by badjie karafa sw <badjiek@unixg.ubc.ca>
2) Re: Introductory
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
3) COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
by TSaidy1050@aol.com
4) GCE EXAM RESULTS
by TSaidy1050@aol.com
5) Lunchtime brown bag seminar (fwd)
by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
6) Re GCE RESULTS
by "BOJANG,BUBA" <BBOJANG@MUSIC.TRANSY.EDU>
7) Re: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
by sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
8) Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
by mjallow@st6000.sct.edu (Modou Jallow)
9) COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
by <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US>
10) Farewell . . .
by <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US>
11) Re GCE RESULTS
by <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US>
12) New Member
by sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
13) Forwarded message of Y Touray
by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
14) DELETE GAMBIA-L XXXXXXXX JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US
by sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
15) Commentary: Democracy
by JAWARAMB@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
16) CORRECTION
by JAWARAMB@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
17) Any leader deserves respect!
by Alieu Jawara <umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA>
18) Re: New Member
by "Y.Touray" <Y.Touray@e-eng.hull.ac.uk>
19) Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
20) Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
21) Re: Lunchtime brown bag seminar (fwd)
by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
22) Political and military detainees
by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
23) Re: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
by Yaya Jallow <yj0001@jove.acs.unt.edu>
24) Yus
by "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM>
25) Re: Political and military detainees
by Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
26) Re: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
by famaraas@amadeus.cmi.no
27) Democracy and elections...
by Kevin Connors <kconnors@igc.apc.org>
28) Re: Political and military detainees
by mostafa jersey marong <mbmarong@students.wisc.edu>
29) Re: Political and military detainees
by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
30) Response
by ademba@gardner-webb.edu (Alasana Demba)
31) Re: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
by binta@iuj.ac.jp
32) U.S. Reaction to Gambia Election...
by YAHYAD@aol.com
33) U.S. Reaction to Gambia Election...
by YAHYAD@aol.com
34) Fwd: Africa: World Bank on Poverty
by momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara)
35) "Phone scam"
by "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM>
36) Re: Farewell . . .
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
37) Re: Parliamentary Election- Recent Development
by "BEYAI" <P.L.Beyai@newcastle.ac.uk>
38) Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
by TSaidy1050@aol.com
39) Jobs/Internships (fwd)
by njie.1@osu.edu (N'Deye Marie Njie)
40) Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
by "Adama Kah" <Vptaak@vpt.gwu.edu>
41) [npc@NYC.PIPELINE.COM: Oct 28th Day of Solidarity]
by bf299@freenet.carleton.ca (Bocar Ndiaye)
42) (no subject)
by ademba@gardner-webb.edu (Alasana Demba)
43) Re: Farewell . . . (fwd)
by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
44) cnet clip, In a Nation with Slaves, a Woman Wins a Voice
by at137@columbia.edu
45) why are there slaves in Africa ?
by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
46) Re: Farewell . . . (fwd)
by BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
47) Re: Parliamentary election-Recent Dev.
by "BEYAI" <P.L.Beyai@newcastle.ac.uk>
48) AFRICA-DEVELOPMENT: New Initiative for Industrial Growth
by momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara)
49) Re: why are there slaves in Africa ?
by Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
50) GCE Results ( Gambia H.S.)
by "Adama Kah" <Vptaak@vpt.gwu.edu>
51) membership
by CHERNO <C_JAGNE@HUSKY1.STMARYS.CA>
52) Re: why are there slaves in Africa ?
by Sulayman Nyang <nyang@cldc.howard.edu>
53) AFRICA-ECONOMY: Encouraging Words and Figures ...
by momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara)
54) New Member
by sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 01:13:39 -0700 (PDT)
From: badjie karafa sw <badjiek@unixg.ubc.ca>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Introductory
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.961020004245.5634A-100000@interchg.ubc.ca>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hello Gambia-l
Thank you for signing me on your wonderful forum.
I am from Foni Sutusinjang in the Western Division.I graduated from
secondary school in 1984 and left Gambia 10 years ago to Montreal,
Canada.
I have a professional DEC (Diplome Des Etude Collegiales) in Medical
Laboratory Technology from Dawson College (1992-1995), in Montreal,
Canada. Upon graduation, I worked as a research Technologist for a
Contract Research Organization in Montreal up to last August.
Currently, I am enrolled in year 3 of a four year undergraduate degree
in Medical Laboratory Technology at the University of British Columbia
(UBC), in Vancouver, Canada.
At the Community level, I have been a member of The Gambian Association
of Montreal since 1987. I was Auditor General from 1987-1989 , Assistant
Secretary General from 1990-1993 and Secretary General from 1993 to August
1996.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 1995 13:56:10 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Introductory
Message-ID: <3087804A.6C3B@QATAR.NET.QA>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
badjie karafa sw wrote:
>
> Hello Gambia-l
>
> Thank you for signing me on your wonderful forum.
>
> I am from Foni Sutusinjang in the Western Division.I graduated from
> secondary school in 1984 and left Gambia 10 years ago to Montreal,
> Canada.
>
> I have a professional DEC (Diplome Des Etude Collegiales) in Medical
> Laboratory Technology from Dawson College (1992-1995), in Montreal,
> Canada. Upon graduation, I worked as a research Technologist for a
> Contract Research Organization in Montreal up to last August.
> Currently, I am enrolled in year 3 of a four year undergraduate degree
> in Medical Laboratory Technology at the University of British Columbia
> (UBC), in Vancouver, Canada.
>
> At the Community level, I have been a member of The Gambian Association
> of Montreal since 1987. I was Auditor General from 1987-1989 , Assistant
> Secretary General from 1990-1993 and Secretary General from 1993 to August
> 1996.
>
MR. BADJIE!
Welcome to the Gambia-L, and keep up the good work down there in
Montreal, and don't let anything prevent you from completing your higher
education; Gambia surely needs a lot of competent technologists.
Regards Bassss!!
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 10:34:35 -0400
From: TSaidy1050@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
Message-ID: <961021103435_1246836775@emout05.mail.aol.com>
The use of the word DEMOCRACY has been echoed in the writings and speeches of
many political thinkers of our time, and yet most of us still do not
understand what democracy means. There is also this phenomenon that questions
the relationship between democracy and development. Is there a relationship?
This is among other questions that this commentary will be dealing with, and
bringing in not only The Gambian experience in particular, but the African
experience in general.
Democracy, we are told is government of the people, for the people, and by
the people. It is a definition accepted by all peace loving and democratic
individuals. Should democracy mean free speech, freedom of choice, freedom
of the press, freedom of association, multiparty system of government and all
the other ‘freedoms’? Yes absolutely. This should not be the only tenets of
democracy. Democracy should also mean the right to education, health care,
security, and the right to development.
Most of us tend to narrow the definition of democracy to a handful of
‘freedoms’, which actually covers only the governance aspect of democracy.
Democracy in The Gambia and in Africa for that matter, cannot be an exact
replica of the ones in the US, England or any other Western country.
Democracy in The Gambia should and would reflect our history, cultural
diversity, size, or I would say our socio-cultural realities will dictate the
form of democracy that will be adopted in The Gambia. What we are now
experimenting with in The Gambia, is democracy that is not only in the
‘freedoms’ sense, but that guaranties Gambians the right to advancement and
development. Not only are the fundamental rights of all Gambians and
non-Gambians respected, the definition of human rights is encompasses the
realities in The Gambia. As stated in the APRC manifesto, the most essential
human rights are the necessities of existence- food, shelter, education,
medical care, clean water, work and the opportunity to live and develop in a
free society and in peace and in dignity.
While in the US people take such things as clean and regular supply for
granted, in Africa it is a necessity that most cannot enjoy.
Part two will deal with the relationship between democracy and development
and the definition of development. Let us discuss this first part and
exchange ideas.
Peace
Tombong Saidy
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 10:39:13 -0400
From: TSaidy1050@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: GCE EXAM RESULTS
Message-ID: <961021081826_1146238113@emout18.mail.aol.com>
Gambia-L,
Below is a brief synopsis of the 1996 GCE results. The alumni of Nusrat High
School have reason to be proud, for NHS came out first for the third year in
a row.
A total of 2,069 students registered for the GCE(General Certificate of
Education) in The Gambia this year and 52 students got Division one with
distinction, 355 Division one, 376 Division two, 629 Division three, 516 GCE
pass, 117 failed and 23 absentees.
Nusrat High School(my alma matter) presented 225 students and 15 got Division
one with Distinction, 76 got Division one, 46 got Division two, 46 got
Division three, 37 got GCE passes, and one failure. The best grade was
achieved by Irfan Ansary, who got Division one with aggregate six.
Nusrat led both in ‘O’ and ‘A’ Level results.
Bravo to Nusrat High School.
Peace.
Tombong
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 12:38:00 -0400 (EDT)
From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Lunchtime brown bag seminar (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.95L.961021123543.12607A-100000@ciao.cc.columbia.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hi,
For those who live in the New York metro area, this might worth
attending. Best is the guy that the AFPRC kicked out of The Gambia for
his journalistic activities.
-Abdou.
___________________________________________________________________________
*******************************************************************************
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 10:46:08 -0400 (EDT)
From: Marlyse Rand <mbr1@columbia.edu>
To: mbr1@columbia.edu
Subject: Lunchtime brown bag seminar
The Institute of African Studies would like to remind you of the exciting
brown bag seminar tomorrow, Tuesday October 22, Kenneth Best, Visiting
Scholar, Freedom Forum Center will be speaking on "The Development of
Independent Media in West Africa". 12:15-2:00pm, Rm 1118 International
Affairs Building.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 12:51:27 EST
From: "BOJANG,BUBA" <BBOJANG@MUSIC.TRANSY.EDU>
To: <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re GCE RESULTS
Message-ID: <21OCT96.13886311.0084.MUSIC@MUSIC.TRANSY.EDU>
In the name of God the beneficient, the merciful.
Sirs,
It is great to know the GCE result of Nusrat but what about the other s
chools? we are a community with different alma mata and I hope we
all want to know how our schools did, so as a representative you should
not only tell us about a fraction but the whole. Do post the rest of th
e results please.
I posted some questions about a week ago about the Gambia, can somebody
please help me with the answers?
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 09:56:47 -0700
From: sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
Message-ID: <199610211656.JAA11607@thesky.incog.com>
Hi Tombong,
You haven't given an explaination of why democracy in The Gambia or Africa cannot be an exact replica of the ones in the western world. Can you please elaborate on this matter? Would like to know your thoughts about this and why we couldn't achieve this form of democracy.
>From your posting I deduce that the APRC are the ones to define human rights for Gambians and what it should be compose of, and/or draw the line there. If that is true then you contradict your definition of democracy. Why should Gambians be content with just the so called basic necessities of life and not want more? Why should we be different from the western world and not want to take things for granted rather than being made to feel that the APRC are doing us a great favor by telling us what what basic human rights we should worry about and be thankful to have?
thanks,
Sarian
> From TSaidy1050@aol.com Mon Oct 21 07:54:11 1996
> Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 10:34:35 -0400
> From: TSaidy1050@aol.com
> To: "GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List" <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
> Subject: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
> X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.0 -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN
>
> The use of the word DEMOCRACY has been echoed in the writings and speeches of
> many political thinkers of our time, and yet most of us still do not
> understand what democracy means. There is also this phenomenon that questions
> the relationship between democracy and development. Is there a relationship?
> This is among other questions that this commentary will be dealing with, and
> bringing in not only The Gambian experience in particular, but the African
> experience in general.
>
> Democracy, we are told is government of the people, for the people, and by
> the people. It is a definition accepted by all peace loving and democratic
> individuals. Should democracy mean free speech, freedom of choice, freedom
> of the press, freedom of association, multiparty system of government and all
> the other ‘freedoms’? Yes absolutely. This should not be the only tenets of
> democracy. Democracy should also mean the right to education, health care,
> security, and the right to development.
>
> Most of us tend to narrow the definition of democracy to a handful of
> ‘freedoms’, which actually covers only the governance aspect of democracy.
> Democracy in The Gambia and in Africa for that matter, cannot be an exact
> replica of the ones in the US, England or any other Western country.
> Democracy in The Gambia should and would reflect our history, cultural
> diversity, size, or I would say our socio-cultural realities will dictate the
> form of democracy that will be adopted in The Gambia. What we are now
> experimenting with in The Gambia, is democracy that is not only in the
> ‘freedoms’ sense, but that guaranties Gambians the right to advancement and
> development. Not only are the fundamental rights of all Gambians and
> non-Gambians respected, the definition of human rights is encompasses the
> realities in The Gambia. As stated in the APRC manifesto, the most essential
> human rights are the necessities of existence- food, shelter, education,
> medical care, clean water, work and the opportunity to live and develop in a
> free society and in peace and in dignity.
>
> While in the US people take such things as clean and regular supply for
> granted, in Africa it is a necessity that most cannot enjoy.
>
> Part two will deal with the relationship between democracy and development
> and the definition of development. Let us discuss this first part and
> exchange ideas.
>
> Peace
> Tombong Saidy
>
>
>
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 14:38:53 -0400 (EDT)
From: mjallow@st6000.sct.edu (Modou Jallow)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
Message-ID: <9610211838.AA73660@st6000.sct.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Tombong, you wrote:
> Gambia-L,
>=20
> Below is a brief synopsis of the 1996 GCE results. The alumni of Nusrat=
High
> School have reason to be proud, for NHS came out first for the third ye=
ar in
> a row.=20
>=20
> A total of 2,069 students registered for the GCE(General Certificate of
> Education) in The Gambia this year and 52 students got Division one wit=
h
> distinction, 355 Division one, 376 Division two, 629 Division three, 51=
6 GCE
> pass, 117 failed and 23 absentees.
>=20
> Nusrat High School(my alma matter) presented 225 students and 15 got Di=
vision
> one with Distinction, 76 got Division one, 46 got Division two, 46 got
> Division three, 37 got GCE passes, and one failure. The best grade was
> achieved by Irfan Ansary, who got Division one with aggregate six.
>=20
> Nusrat led both in =91O=92 and =91A=92 Level results.
>=20
> Bravo to Nusrat High School.
It is indeed worthy to know the results of the GCE. It makes me want to d=
o
it all over again. However, I still wonder where all these students will
be going after High school, for those who won't be so lucky as to make it=
to
A-Level (or other Institutions). What will be the Education Department's
response to this? Are scholarships being distributed fairly and who is
most likely to benefit?
Regards,
Moe S. Jallow
Hayes MicroComputer, Inc.
Norcross, Ga 30067
_________________________________________________________________________=
_____
mjallow@sct.edu mjallow@Hayes_Corporate.com
_________________________________________________________________________=
_____
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 96 15:56:15 CDT
From: <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
Message-ID: <199610211955.MAA25869@mx4.u.washington.edu>
Tombong:
There you go opening your mouth again. You wrote:
"The use of the word DEMOCRACY has been echoed in the
writings and speeches of many political thinkers of our time, and
yet most of us still do not understand what democracy means."
I agree, and that includes you.
You essentially collapsed contract and democracy into one. Thus
you misstated the "tenets" of democracy and confused it purpose,
and ended up with little more than babble.
(In the context of our discussion), People agree to live together in a
state by contract (Constitution). Contract/Constitution is
the SOURCE of our RIGHTS in a state, not democracy.
Democracy may be a term of the contract, i.e. the Contract is also
the SOURCE of DEMOCRACY. (A people may specify in the
Contract the PROCEDURES according to which they wish to
govern their relationships. Thus democracy mainly concerns itself with
the HOW of govt. (how decisions are made), not the WHAT of govt.
(what decisions are actually made/what terms are actually agreed
upon)). The only critical "tenet" of democracy is "free choice", the
purpose of which is to ensure "majority rule" (be it a good or bad
majority, though we do presume and hope majorities are GOOD.
If a people agree that a decision of a simple majority of the
collective shall be binding on all, they are agreeing to a PROCEDURE
which is democratic. (The agreed upon procedure becomes a term, i.e.
a guarantee that all decisions shall be made according to the
democratic process.) This says nothing about what if any actions the
collective will take.
If the collective goes on to make decisions by the prescribed
democratic PROCEDURE, then those decisions, presumably, could
become RIGHTS. They could be bad decisions but still be
democratic. For example if a people by a majority agree that the
local ***** shall preside over all disputes (serve as the judge),
that is a bad idea, but it is democratic.
Democracy, has nothing to do with guaranteeing GOOD results. It
has everything to do with guaranteeing the PROCEDURE for
the performance of the terms of the Constitution. Presumably,
democracy minimizes conflict and PROMISES good results
because the majority of the people stand behind decisions; but you
will agree that even majorities make bad decisions. You seem to
talk (I say seem because the article is incredibly muddled up), about
rights guaranteed by democracy. I don't know where you got this
idea from, but I think I know where you're headed with it.
I think this is a preface to the famous Social Contract theory
arguments advanced as justification for the coup. I see you
reserved one half of your dissertation pending a response to this
half. Well, this half is nonsense. I doubt the second half will be any
better. (The Social Contract arguments fail for the reason
that, contrary to the assertions of its advocates, a lack of "progress"
(I presume, meaning tangible economic wealth), is not the equivalent of
a lack of "democracy".)
A few things I don't understand, like the following:
(1) "Most of us tend to narrow the definition of democracy to a handful
of freedoms , which actually covers only the governance aspect of
democracy."
(2) "What we are now experimenting with in The Gambia, IS
DEMOCRACY THAT IS NOT ONLY IN THE FREEDOMS
SENSE, BUT THAT GUARANTIES GAMBIANS THE RIGHT
TO ADVANCEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT. Not only are the
fundamental rights of all Gambians and non-Gambians respected,
the definition of human rights is encompasses the realities in The
Gambia."đŽEmphasis addedđ What in the world are you talking
about?
Morro.
--------------------------( Forwarded letter follows )-----------------------
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From: TSaidy1050@aol.com
To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.0 -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN
The use of the word DEMOCRACY has been echoed in the writings and speeches of
many political thinkers of our time, and yet most of us still do not
understand what democracy means. There is also this phenomenon that questions
the relationship between democracy and development. Is there a relationship?
This is among other questions that this commentary will be dealing with, and
bringing in not only The Gambian experience in particular, but the African
experience in general.
Democracy, we are told is government of the people, for the people, and by
the people. It is a definition accepted by all peace loving and democratic
individuals. Should democracy mean free speech, freedom of choice, freedom
of the press, freedom of association, multiparty system of government and all
the other freedoms? Yes absolutely. This should not be the only tenets of
democracy. Democracy should also mean the right to education, health care,
security, and the right to development.
Most of us tend to narrow the definition of democracy to a handful of
freedoms, which actually covers only the governance aspect of democracy.
Democracy in The Gambia and in Africa for that matter, cannot be an exact
replica of the ones in the US, England or any other Western country.
Democracy in The Gambia should and would reflect our history, cultural
diversity, size, or I would say our socio-cultural realities will dictate the
form of democracy that will be adopted in The Gambia. What we are now
experimenting with in The Gambia, is democracy that is not only in the
freedoms sense, but that guaranties Gambians the right to advancement and
development. Not only are the fundamental rights of all Gambians and
non-Gambians respected, the definition of human rights is encompasses the
realities in The Gambia. As stated in the APRC manifesto, the most essential
human rights are the necessities of existence- food, shelter, education,
medical care, clean water, work and the opportunity to live and develop in a
free society and in peace and in dignity.
While in the US people take such things as clean and regular supply for
granted, in Africa it is a necessity that most cannot enjoy.
Part two will deal with the relationship between democracy and development
and the definition of development. Let us discuss this first part and
exchange ideas.
Peace
Tombong Saidy
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 96 16:47:33 CDT
From: <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Farewell . . .
Message-ID: <199610212047.NAA02353@mx4.u.washington.edu>
Gambia-l:
I am sorry to leave; but before I do let me say a few things and
perhaps along the way remind you of your responsibilities to
yourselves and the rest of us.
I am very concerned about the cavalier attitudes towards freedom
and the troubles of those who have been deprived of it in The
Gambia. I have tried to warn you of the terrible future we face. I
hope I am wrong. I would rather be a confirmed alarmist than be
confirmed in prophecy. It is sad to be right alone. I want to be
wrong about all the terrible thing I have predicted, because lives
will be saved.
However, I also know that the "compromise" proposed here on this
forum is really a capitulation to terror. Perhaps we are so
insistent upon compromise because the terror has not directly
touched our lives and families yet. At this point, the things we hear
and write about, are philosophical and remote, like someone elses
problems. This will change, and then it will be too late. A long
time ago, someone else had the same attitudes about a certain
person in History--Hitler. Here is what he said:
"When Hitler attacked the Jews I was not a Jew,
therefore, I was not concerned. And when Hitler
attacked the Catholics, I was not a Catholic, and
therefore, I was not concerned. And when Hitler
attacked the unions and the industrialists, I was not a
member of the unions and I was not concerned.
Then, Hitler attacked me and the Protestant Church--
and there was nobody left to be concerned. (Friedrich
Gustav Emil Martin a.k.a. Martin Niemoller)
I am truly baffled by this talk of "compromise" since Jammeh
"is not so bad". We all know the track record of militaries; and
we all know what Jammeh is doing today. We have been even told
Jammeh is like Franco. If he is like Franco, and I think he is, we
will not escape more blood.
My father often told me, "Honorable," (that's what he called me),
"you need not step on a blind man's balls twice for him to know
they are exposed (to traffic)." (That is to say, once is enough and
the blind man would learn his lesson and tuck his goodies away.)
Forty years of history have not taught us here on Gambia-l the
lessons and dangers of military rule. Jammeh can promise the world,
but without freedom, I'd rather break stone.
I will be back as soon as I can. Mangers, please take me down.
Morro.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 96 16:58:38 CDT
From: <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re GCE RESULTS
Message-ID: <199610212058.NAA03964@mx4.u.washington.edu>
Mr. Bojang:
If you contact your local library, and look up "Gambia" in an
encyclopedia, I believe you will get the basic facts you want.
Good luck.
Morro.
--------------------------( Forwarded letter follows )-----------------------
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From: "BOJANG,BUBA" <BBOJANG@MUSIC.TRANSY.EDU>
To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re GCE RESULTS
X-To: <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
X-Mailer: MUSIC/SP V5.1.0
X-Listprocessor-Version: 8.0 -- ListProcessor(tm) by CREN
In the name of God the beneficient, the merciful.
Sirs,
It is great to know the GCE result of Nusrat but what about the other s
chools? we are a community with different alma mata and I hope we
all want to know how our schools did, so as a representative you should
not only tell us about a fraction but the whole. Do post the rest of th
e results please.
I posted some questions about a week ago about the Gambia, can somebody
please help me with the answers?
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 17:22:22 -0700
From: sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: New Member
Message-ID: <199610220022.RAA11894@thesky.incog.com>
All,
Yusupha Touray has been added to the list. Yusupha please send in you introduction to gambia-l@u.washington.edu. We welcome you and look forward to your contribution.
regards,
Sarian
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 17:40:16 -0700 (PDT)
From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Forwarded message of Y Touray
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.95.961021173859.10576A-100000@saul3.u.washington.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
From: Touray" <Y.Touray@e-eng.hull.ac.uk>
Sender: Y.Touray@e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Hi,
I will be finishing my Masters in Electronics Communications Engineering
in June 1997 at the University of Hull, England.
I would like to work for a year or two in the states before returning to
the Gambia.
Can anyone help?
Yus.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 17:37:41 -0700
From: sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: DELETE GAMBIA-L XXXXXXXX JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US
Message-ID: <199610220037.RAA11898@thesky.incog.com>
Hi,
Morro has been unsubscribed as of right now.
Sarian
----- Begin Included Message -----
>From listproc@u.washington.edu Mon Oct 21 17:38:32 1996
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 17:35:34 PDT
From: University of Washington ListProcessor <listproc@u.washington.edu>
To: sarian@osmosys.incog.com
Subject: DELETE GAMBIA-L XXXXXXXX JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US
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Your request: DELETE GAMBIA-L XXXXXXXX JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US
produced the following output:
User JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US was successfully removed from list gambia-l@u.washington.edu.
----- End Included Message -----
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 13:07:34 -0500 (CDT)
From: JAWARAMB@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Commentary: Democracy
Message-ID: <01IAWHQT6JQQ8XFH9X@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
Mr. Saidy, your piece on democracy is right on the money. In my view it
is a topic worth debating in the light of the undemocratic elections in
which your party was the victor
In my view, if the election results indicate anything, is that Jammeh is
here to stay and that he has succeeded in massacring his way to
"legitimacy" with impunity.The out come is very troubling to me.
Dr. Nyang is right the opposition should never have contested the
election because of bogus election rules in favour of AFRC. I hasten to
ask is there anybody with principle in The Gambia.I believe the
opposition legitimize the results by contesting in the first place.Now I
understand they have been running around crying foul. It is even more
disgraceful for the folks demonstrating in Washington D.C, on the
election results.With all fairness to the U.S government what can they
in this situation. Jammeh came out with a constitution that was full of
hoax and the people accepted it with no out-cry from the folks
demontrating in D.C, and scores of innocent Gambians were arrested and
detained and sadly this month marks one year of thier unlawful
incarceration. Mr. saidy, this is not only undemocratic but unlawful
and barbaric.
In my view, this is what should take precedence over some election
results which is a sub-set of a greater monstrocity....the terrible
human right conditions. To folks in Washington D.C, organise yourself in
the interest of sympathy to your fellow country men whose freedom have
egregiuosly been violated by the Jammeh regime and demand for their
immediate release. Remember it could have been you or anybody else from
this group also remember this "injustice anywhere is a threat to justice
everywhere".The unfortunate thing is that no body seems to care on the
plight of these detainees. I hope we change our attitudes from now on.
Mr. Saidy, if you are going to be an advocate for freedom and decency
which you spelt out very clearly in your piece on democracy you should
call on your government to release these detainees. If they fail to heed
your call, then you should reign as a matter of principle.
This is what I mean by are there people with principle in The Gambia.
Tombong you could be the first person to prove me wrong.
Mr. Saidy kindly convey this message to Colonel Jammeh on my behalf that:
I MUSA BASSADI JAWARA KINDLY REQUEST HIM TO RELEASE ALL POLITICAL
AND MILITARY DETAINEES IN THE NAME OF GOOD WILL. "Good will begets Good
will".
MUSA B. JAWARA
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 1996 13:15:15 -0500 (CDT)
From: JAWARAMB@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU
Subject: CORRECTION
Message-ID: <01IAWMG08PQG8XFH9X@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
PLEASE EXCUSE ERRORS IN MY POSTING, I CANNOT GO OVER EVERYTHING; BUT NOTE
"THEN YOU SHOULD RESIGN NOT YOU SHOULD REIGN".
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 00:30:35 -0500 (CDT)
From: Alieu Jawara <umjawara@cc.UManitoba.CA>
To: Gambia-l <Gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Any leader deserves respect!
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.961022000418.21235A-100000@merak.cc.umanitoba.ca>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hi everyone,
The 1996 presidential elections is now history. Mr. Jammeh is the
victor which implies he has been chosen by the people of the Gambia to
lead the nation. Although the fairness of the campaign may be
questionable it's about time to forget about that and start thinking
about the development of our country. We all have a role to play just
like Mr. Jammeh. The faith of our country, the education of our
younger brothers and sisters back home, the security of everyone in
Gambia is in the hands of Allah(S.W.T.) through Mr. Jammeh. These are
some of the reasons why Mr. Jammeh deserves our respect and support. Mr.
Jammeh Should remember although, that Allah commands him to be just
(Quran, chapter 7) and he, like any other leader, will be questioned
by Allah(S.W.T.) about how he carried out justice. Let's not make
ourselves the judges, Allah is the most righteous of all judges.
Wa ssalamu alaikum
Alieu
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 09:00:18 +0100 (BST)
From: "Y.Touray" <Y.Touray@e-eng.hull.ac.uk>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: New Member
Message-ID: <199610220838.BAA03620@mx4.u.washington.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Well, I am twenty four, doing my masters in Electronics Communications
Systems at the University of Hull, England.
Thanks.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 10:03:40 -0500 (EST)
From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
Message-ID: <01IAXU6S8GFK0043VZ@PSTCC6.PSTCC.CC.TN.US>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
Tombong:
Do you have info on results for the other high schools, particularly
SAHS? Nusrat may be ahead in absolute numbers, but as a partisan SAHS
alumnus ('79) I can confidently say that perhaps my alma mater leads
the field.
Amadou
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 10:06:37 -0500 (EST)
From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
Message-ID: <01IAXUAFZHPI0043VZ@PSTCC6.PSTCC.CC.TN.US>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
clarification: I meant perhaps SAHS leads the field percentage-wise.
Amadou
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 10:07:55 -0500 (EST)
From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Lunchtime brown bag seminar (fwd)
Message-ID: <01IAXUC1WAZK0043VZ@PSTCC6.PSTCC.CC.TN.US>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
Gambia-l:
Best was a good friend of mine during my 8-month stint in The Gambia (1993).
He helped me in many ways and unsuccesfully recruited me to serve as
Editor-in-chief of his paper. Abdou and those in the NY area should please
extend my greetings to him. Also see if he may be interested in joining
our "bantaba."
Amadou
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 08:34:41 -0700 (PDT)
From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Political and military detainees
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.95.961022082832.30809B-100000@saul7.u.washington.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
I was wondering who are the current political and military detainees
mentioned in one of the responses to Tombong's commentary. I know that
Sabally is one of them along with MC Cham, Ousainou Njie and OJ Jallow. Am
I correct ? Are there any more than the above mentioned and what are the
charges against them ?
Thanks
Tony
========================================================================
Anthony W Loum tloum@u.washington.edu
Supervisor, Business Administration Library 206-543-4360 voice
100 Balmer Hall 206-685-9392 fax
University of Washington
Box 353200
Seattle, Wa.98195-3200
=========================================================================
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 11:08:20 -0500 (CDT)
From: Yaya Jallow <yj0001@jove.acs.unt.edu>
To: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.961022103502.1036A-100000@jove.acs.unt.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Fellas,
Tombong, you may have spoken eloquently on the concept of democracy, but
unfortunately the government you are representing have very little to show
for on the application of the principles of democracy. Events leading to
the election were glaring examples.
But on a more philosophical note I tend to disagree with you that human
rights are country-specific. They are universal instead, and that freedoms
and liberties crosses boundaries. The argument that human rights are
different for each is one that has been advanced by communist and other
dictatorial nation-states to defend and justify their policies of
suppression and limiting freedoms on their citizens.
Finally, on your notion that democracy entails right to food, shelter,
health care, etc guarantee by the state is a misplaced one. I am not even
sure if this is enshrined in the current constitution. But more importantly
it smacks like a socialist agenda and I don't believe it is sustainable in
the long-run given Gambia's meager resources. It has failed in more resource
blessed nations like the former Soviet Union, and is now beginning to
crumble in some European countries. In sum, while it is a prudent public
policy for the state to assist in the provision of some of these services,
we must take into account the realities of fiscal constraints.
Yaya
------------------------------
Date: 22 Oct 96 12:52:23 EDT
From: "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM>
To: GAMBIA-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Yus
Message-ID: <961022165223_73244.2701_FHO55-2@CompuServe.COM>
Mr. Loum,
Boeing is currently hiring electronic engineers from outside, particularly
Europe, regardless of nationality. You might want to advice Mr. Yus to submit
an application directly to Boeing head office for consideration. (It might
help if he agrees to run his application and vita by you for input. You know
how important that is).
I believe also that there is a special, comparatively easier, visa program for
people employed under these cricumstances. However, some conditions must be met
according to the 1986/7 INS Law, the first and foremost being the job offer.
Regards,
Kamara.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 11:32:34 -0700 (PDT)
From: Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
To: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: Political and military detainees
Message-ID: <Pine.A32.3.95.961022112640.55485A-100000@homer08.u.washington.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
I was told by friends in Serrekunda (last summer) that one of their
in-laws has been in detention since the 1994 coup, with no charges
having been brought against him. He is a distant relative of Jawara's but
allegedly apolitical (and after having visited his very modest compound, I
find it hard to believe that he is accused of having come by undeserved
riches under the Jawara reign). I don't know much more about this, but
thought I should mention it as anecdotal evidence of what are at the very
least rumors currently in circulation in the Gambia.
On Tue, 22 Oct 1996, A. Loum wrote:
>
>
> I was wondering who are the current political and military detainees
> mentioned in one of the responses to Tombong's commentary. I know that
> Sabally is one of them along with MC Cham, Ousainou Njie and OJ Jallow. Am
> I correct ? Are there any more than the above mentioned and what are the
> charges against them ?
> Thanks
> Tony
>
>
> ========================================================================
>
> Anthony W Loum tloum@u.washington.edu
> Supervisor, Business Administration Library 206-543-4360 voice
> 100 Balmer Hall 206-685-9392 fax
> University of Washington
> Box 353200
> Seattle, Wa.98195-3200
>
> =========================================================================
>
>
>
>
>
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 21:58:02 GMT+1
From: famaraas@amadeus.cmi.no
To: TSaidy1050@aol.com, gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
Message-ID: <342FA84699@amadeus.cmi.no>
Mr. Saidy,
Thanks for your contributions. I think you tackled the Pan African
issue well. I believe you should also clarify, your association of
Franco to Jammeh. As Morro said Pan Africanism and Franco's
Fascism/Racism are mutually exclusive. Why is Jammeh like Franco? Is
it also that "all those who knew him from school days will know that
he is a fascist"? I hope not.
I am not sure if Col. Jammeh will like this association, if he really
knows who Franco was.
In connection to whether Col. Jammeh, is aware of your writings, it
will be worthwhile to answer Mr. Jobarteh, on the diplomacy question.
I do not think we should move on to a new discussion when we have
such fundamental questions unanswered. I think some of these
questions should be answered as a sign of respect for the list
members.
Thanks.
Shalom,
Famara.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 12:02:36 -0700 (PDT)
From: Kevin Connors <kconnors@igc.apc.org>
To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Democracy and elections...
Message-ID: <2.2.16.19961022150354.50b7da6c@pop.igc.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
I have been following some of what has been written about the fairnees of
the recent elections in The Gambia. I have come out in the past in support
of Yaya and have said that I feel he has The Gambia's best interest at
heart. I do not, however, condone the use of military force to win an
election. However, I am not writing today to debate what has already
happened. Instead, I'd like to briefly address the future.
While it is important that we have discussions about the fairness of the
elections, what went right and what didn't to insure that the next time
around will afford us the opportunity to make the necessary changes, I think
we would benefit by directing our energy to the future hopes of The Gambia.
Instead of being overly critical, let's make suggestions, plans and goals
for The Gambia. Please understand that I am not saying don't be critical of
Jammeh's administration- I think it is needed and very necessary to avoid
what happened with Jawara. I'd just like to see more energy going towards
thinking of, and implementing, creative programs to help The Gambia.
Kevin Connors
The earth does not belong to us...we belong to the earth
Peace
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 18:48:00 -0500
From: mostafa jersey marong <mbmarong@students.wisc.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Political and military detainees
Message-ID: <199610222348.SAA94941@audumla.students.wisc.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
At 08:34 AM 10/22/96 -0700, you wrote:
>
>
>I was wondering who are the current political and military detainees
>mentioned in one of the responses to Tombong's commentary. I know that
>Sabally is one of them along with MC Cham, Ousainou Njie and OJ Jallow. Am
>I correct ? Are there any more than the above mentioned and what are the
>charges against them ?
> Thanks
> Tony
>
>
> ========================================================================
>
> Anthony W Loum tloum@u.washington.edu
> Supervisor, Business Administration Library 206-543-4360 voice
> 100 Balmer Hall 206-685-9392 fax
> University of Washington
> Box 353200
> Seattle, Wa.98195-3200
>
> =========================================================================
>
Tony,
Which Sabally?
Mostafa
>
>
>
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 17:53:27 -0700 (PDT)
From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
To: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: Political and military detainees
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.95.961022174017.8591A-100000@saul5.u.washington.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Mostafa, I am referring to one of the original 4 coup leaders. I believe
his name is Sana Sabally or something like that. He was imprisoned for
treason or whatever reason. The other guy died in prison last year. Was it
Hydara ? Maybe, someone with more factual details can enlighten us in
this.
Thanks
Tony
On Tue, 22 Oct 1996, mostafa jersey marong wrote:
> At 08:34 AM 10/22/96 -0700, you wrote:
> >
> >
> >I was wondering who are the current political and military detainees
> >mentioned in one of the responses to Tombong's commentary. I know that
> >Sabally is one of them along with MC Cham, Ousainou Njie and OJ Jallow. Am
> >I correct ? Are there any more than the above mentioned and what are the
> >charges against them ?
> > Thanks
> > Tony
> >
> >
> > ========================================================================
> >
> > Anthony W Loum tloum@u.washington.edu
> > Supervisor, Business Administration Library 206-543-4360 voice
> > 100 Balmer Hall 206-685-9392 fax
> > University of Washington
> > Box 353200
> > Seattle, Wa.98195-3200
> >
> > =========================================================================
> >
> Tony,
> Which Sabally?
>
> Mostafa
> >
> >
> >
>
>
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 21:20:39 -0400
From: ademba@gardner-webb.edu (Alasana Demba)
To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU
Subject: Response
Message-ID: <326D72E7.205B@gardner-webb.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hi Alieu,
I agreed with you that we should look ahead and hope for the best for
our beloved country. I believed that who ever being the leader can only
make it better with the help of others. A government is a group of
responsible people working together as an individual.
However, the Gambia can only go forward by changing the system. As
corruption had rooted in our culture, many Gambians see it as a daily
life. The way transaction are done should be upgraded to meet the
standard of the present day. The government should minimized paying
people with cash.
Many departments, especially the education department might not know
the number of staff they have which is terriable. How can you analysed
your cost if you don't know how much you spend. Many salaries are being
taken by some headmasters on behave of others who are no longer working
with them.
This problem can be solved by one main frame. The government of the
Gambia is too small to monitor such a thing. Every sector should be
given responsibility and a special section keep track of their work. If
we are not resposible citizens the system will not be change.
I supposed they should introduced the time clock in the system to
strengten the work force because many people take the advantage of being
paid without going to work with no reasonable excused. An example of
having naming ceremonies every week ( Da ma am njenteh) and leave the
work place early. I would appreaciate any suggestion to make our country
a better place for every one. May the All Mighty help us (Amen).
Alasana Demba (Gardner-Webb University).
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 23 Sep 1996 14:51:10 JST +900
From: binta@iuj.ac.jp
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: COMMENTARY: DEMOCRACY
Message-ID: <199610230548.OAA26611@mlsv.iuj.ac.jp>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Famara,
Correction!!! Yahya Jammeh is no longer a colonel. He is a civilian
or do you have your doubts???
Lamin Drammeh.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 03:06:26 -0400
From: YAHYAD@aol.com
To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: mdarboe@vax2.wvnet.edu, ydarboe@hq.walldata.com
Subject: U.S. Reaction to Gambia Election...
Message-ID: <961023030625_1381160096@emout18.mail.aol.com>
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Office of the Spokesman
For Immediate Release October 2, 1996
STATEMENT BY NICHOLAS BURNS, SPOKESMAN
THE GAMBIA: PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
The United States deeply regrets that the September 26 presidential election
denied The Gambian people the right to choose their leaders in a free and
fair manner. The two-week run-up to the presidential election did not
provide a level playing field. The Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council
(AFPRC) restricted political participation by banning some former politicians
and parties, allowed only a brief campaign period for registered parties,
limited television and radio access to certain candidates, and continued to
detain political prisoners.
Throughout the two-year transition program the AFPRC detained political
prisoners, arrested journalists, and banned political activity. These
activities created a climate which was not conducive to holding a free and
fair election.
We deplore the pre-election violence and resulting arrests. We call on the
Government of The Gambia to ensure the safety of all Gambians and other
residents in the country, including those who express views different from
those of the Government.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 23 Oct 1996 03:11:23 -0400
From: YAHYAD@aol.com
To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: mdarboe@wvnet.edu, ydarboe@hq.walldata.com, ndarboe@olemiss.edu
Subject: U.S. Reaction to Gambia Election...
Message-ID: <961023031122_1581854884@emout13.mail.aol.com>
THE
CARTER
CENTER
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Deanna Congileo
October 1996 Acting Director
Public Information
404-420-5108
STATEMENT BY THE CARTER CENTER ON THE GAMBIA
ATLANTA, GA....While The Gambian people’s commitment to the democratic
process is shown by their 80% turnout at the recent presidential elections,
The Carter Center notes that the manner in which the elections were held
raise serious questions about the fairness of the electoral process and the
legitimacy of Yahya Jammeh’s victory. In the weeks leading up to the
elections, the military regime banned the country’s main opposition parties,
muzzled the press, forbade meeting between rival candidates and foreign
diplomats, and used soldiers to attack opposition rallies. Many serious
election-day irregularities also were reported.
The Carter Center is concerned that without a much-improved political
process, the forthcoming Parliamentary elections will not be free and fair
and that long lasting damage will be done to Gambia’s democratic tradition.
The Center call on President Jammeh to take all steps necessary to ensure a
level playing field for future elections
------------------------------
Date: 23 Oct 1996 10:44:53 GMT
From: momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Fwd: Africa: World Bank on Poverty
Message-ID: <3164467166.108466187@inform-bbs.dk>
---forwarded mail START---
From: apic@igc.apc.org,Internet
To: Momodou Camara
Date: 23/10/96 3:38
Subject: Africa: World Bank on Poverty
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Africa: World Bank on Poverty
Date Distributed (ymd): 961022
World Bank, Africa Region
Findings, 73, October 1996
[Findings reports on ongoing operational, economic and sector
work carried out by the World Bank and its member governments
in the Africa Region. It is published periodically by the
Knowledge Networks, Information and Technology Center on
behalf of the Region. It is available on the Web at
http://www.worldbank.org/aftdr/findings/english/findtoc.htm]
Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and Recommendations
Concerns about poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa are not new and
poverty reduction efforts have been documented fairly
extensively. However, this report, Taking Action for Poverty
Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa, commissioned in 1993 by the
Bank's Africa Region differs from others in that it focuses on
the Bank's operational program to reduce poverty. It analyses
the connections between its poverty assessments, country
assistance strategies and the content of the lending program.
It also examines actions that the Bank--in partnership with
governments and donors--can take to reduce poverty. The report
reflects numerous discussions with the Bank's development
partners -- Africans, the donor community, and nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs).
Background
Profile of Poverty
On average, 45 to 50 percent of Sub-Saharan Africans live
below the poverty line -- a much higher proportion than in any
region of the world except South Asia. In 1993, an estimated
40 percent lived on less than a dollar (US) a day. At least 50
percent of these people are from five East African countries
and Nigeria. Also, the depth of poverty -- that is, how far
incomes fall below the poverty line -- is greater in SSA than
anywhere else in the world.
Beyond low income, a principal indicator of poverty is
inadequate access to social services. Currently, the
availability of social services in most SSA countries is the
lowest in the world. The average gross primary school
enrollment rate, which declined in many countries in the Sahel
during the 1980s, is currently only 67 percent compared with
94 percent for South Asia and 117 percent for East Asia.
Health services are falling behind demand in most countries in
SSA. This is reflected in an average infant mortality rate of
93 per 1,000, which is higher than South Asia's 84 per 1,000,
Latin America's 46 per 1,000 and East Asia's 36 per 1,000.
Economic growth rates
The growth of income in Sub-Saharan Africa during recent years
has been dismal. Between 1970 and 1992, average per capita
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by only $73 in relation to
purchasing power parity. In contrast, during the same period,
South Asia's per capita GDP increased by $420 (2.3 percent per
year) and East Asia's by $900 (3.1 percent per year). In 1970,
average per capita GDP for these two regions was similar to
Africa's.
Causes of Poverty in SSA
The consequences of poverty often reinforce its complex
causes, exacerbating the problem. The study has identified the
following as the main causes of poverty:
Inadequate access to employment opportunities
Inadequate physical assets, such as land and capital, and
minimal access by the poor to credit even on a small scale
Inadequate access to the means of supporting rural development
in poor regions
Inadequate access to markets where the poor can sell goods and
services
Low endowment of human capital
Destruction of natural resources leading to environmental
degradation and reduced productivity
Inadequate access to assistance for those living at the margin
and those victimized by transitory poverty
Lack of participation; failure to draw the poor into the
design of development programs
Identifying the gaps
The World Bank's lending program
The study reviewed the Bank's lending program for the fiscal
years 1992-97 to determine if it reflected statements that
poverty reduction is the Bank's overarching objective.
Projects were classified into three categories according to
their objectives: enabling growth, broadly-based services and
narrowly-targeted services for the poor. This made it possible
to examine the effectiveness of poverty assessments, other
economic analyses, country assistance strategies and business
plans as the basis for designing the Bank's lending programs;
assess whether the emphasis of the Bank's lending program for
poverty reduction needs to be modified; and identify the
actions most likely to reduce poverty.
Of the Bank's lending assistance to African countries in
FY92-97, almost 58 percent has been (or will be) focused on
creating the enabling conditions for growth through policy
change and large-scale investments. On average, 24 percent was
(or will be) for broadly- based services while 18 percent was
(or will be) for narrowly-targeted services. This distribution
of the Bank's lending program reflects aggregate growth as an
end in itself. Increased growth--assuming it generates
employment opportunities for the poor--is indeed essential for
reducing poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. But preoccupation with
growth, particularly if it is not distributed widely, can mean
insufficient attention to development of human capital--one of
the factors that sustain growth in the long term. At issue,
however, is not the distribution of lending among the three
broad categories but the extent to which lending in each
category benefits the poor.
Strong and logical connections among poverty assessments,
country assistance strategy (CASs), and the lending program
should form the core of the Bank's operational program to
reduce poverty. The study reviewed the influence of country
assistance strategies and poverty assessments on lending
programs for each country in SSA and reached the following
conclusions:
Poverty reduction is rarely a central or motivating theme in
the business plan or country assistance strategy, although
attention to poverty has improved in recent months.
Even though the operational cycle begins correctly with a
poverty assessment, the poverty focus is often lost by the
time a lending program is implemented.
Country assistance strategies are generally not specific
enough to ensure that the lending program actually addresses
the causes and consequences of poverty.
The lending program often changes, and for about
three-quarters of the projects, even a tentative outline is
not available as little as one year prior to appraisal.
Recommendations
To address these concerns and increase its operational
emphasis on poverty reduction the Bank must implement four key
changes:
* Focus clearly and unequivocally on growth and poverty
reduction including human capital development.
* Make poverty, gender, and environmental issues the heart of
macroeconomic and sectoral strategies--not "add-ons".
Arrange to monitor poverty systematically in all countries
that receive Bank lending.
* Hold management and staff accountable for ensuring the
participation of all stakeholders in the formulation of
assistance strategies and for achieving the Bank's stated
objective of poverty reduction.
Other key messages
Achieving high rates of sustained growth is undoubtedly the
most important strategy for reducing poverty in Africa. Growth
rates of at least 6.5 percent per year are necessary if
typical Sub-Saharan countries are to reduce poverty at an
acceptable rate. Yet high aggregate growth, in itself, will
not reduce poverty. The pattern of growth must benefit the
poor, either directly through increased employment and incomes
or indirectly through improved social services. The
distribution of growth in turn, is critical in determining
which groups benefit from expanded employment and
income-earning opportunities. Emphasizing growth in
agriculture, remote poor regions, or urban slums could improve
the extent to which various groups, including and especially
the poor, benefit.
Poverty is not likely to be reduced in Sub-Saharan Africa
without considerable improvement in government commitment and
ownership of programs to support this goal. Yet only a few
Sub-Saharan African governments (a quarter of the total
number) have explicitly identified poverty reduction as
important policy objective in their programs with the Bank.
Discussions with government officials and NGOs on the issue of
government commitment have led to three conclusions:
* Africans must take the lead in reducing poverty, and donors
must accept and facilitate that leadership.
* The failure of many African governments to define poverty
reduction as their central objective is a major shortcoming.
Donors including the Bank, must accept some responsibility for
this failure because of their willingness to lend despite the
weak commitment of governments to poverty reduction.
* Understanding the problems of the poor and their needs, and
taking action to improve their circumstances requires the
involvement of all stakeholders.
In effect, the study emphasizes the point that poverty
reduction is good economics and good politics. It must,
therefore, be at the heart of any economic and social
development strategy.
Taking Action for Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa:
Report of an Africa Region Task Force, Report No. 15575-AFR,
May 1996. This report will also be published as part of the
World Bank's Development in Practice series. For more
information, please contact Jack van Holst Pellekaan, tel. no.
(202) 47-34185. Or contact P.C. Mohan, Rm. J3-165, World bank,
1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433, tel. no. (202)
47-34114; Internet address: pmohan@worldbank.org
************************************************************
The 200-page report is currently available on request to
pmohan@worldbank.org. The following are a sampling of quotes
from the full report:
"Foreword: The Task Force on Poverty in Africa was established
in 1994 ... From the start, extensive consultation involved
staff, donors, and a group of distinguished Africans (formerly
known as the "Oslo Group" and now the African Poverty
Reduction Network) comprising government officials, academics,
and representatives of the private sector, including
nongovernmental organizations." (p. vii)
"Executive Summary 26. It is possible to identify patterns of
growth favoring the poor without sacrificing overall growth
performace--so-called 'win-win' approaches. Several
approaches would improve the impact of growth on the poor
without reducing the pace of growth. These include (a)
macroeconomic and sectoral politicies that achieve
stabilization and provide incentives to produce for domestic
and export markets and (b) rural development, including
strategic rural infrastructure, agricultural research and
extension, pro-poor public expenditure patterns, and
investment policies that do not discriminate against labor.
The underlying point is that development policies and
strategies in countries in SSA [Sub-Saharan Africa] should
focus on growth, but the distribution of this growth must be
fully analyzed to identify those policies and strategies that
will contribute most to poverty reduction." (p. 12)
"Executive Summary 35. Greater emphasis on poverty reduction
cmbined with the fact that the majority of Africa's poor
resides in rural areas should lead the Bank to focus lending
on the rural sector. Although lending in the agricultural
sector does not completely measure the rural compared with
urban allocation of resources, this lending accounts for only
13 percent of the Bank's total in Africa for the fiscal 1992-
97 period." (p. 14)
"Executive Summary 59. The following actions will be taken
within the Africa Region.
* Establish the common objective of poverty reduction as the
pervasive organizating principle through the leadership of
managers and actions of staff.
....
* Focus the Bank's operations much more on rural development
in the poorest regions, on rural domestic water supplies and
roads, and on primary services for education and health.
....
* Orient incentives for staff in such a way that success in
poverty reduction becomes a criterion for rewards and
advancement." (pp. 22-23)
"2.34 Imbalances in the gender division of labor and in access
to and control of economically productive resources are
derived from the unequal rights and obligations of men and
women. ... The central position of women in economic
production in SSA needs to be juxtaposed against the
systematic discrimination they face in accessing basic
technologies and resources (including education) which are
required to function in an ecnomically productive and
efficient manner. Gender imbalance in access to and control
of economically productive resources leads to a lower response
to economic incentives than would be the case if these
differences were reduced."
"4.78 Consequently,although this report concludes that the
PA's [Poverty Assessments] have done a reasonably good job of
identifying the policy and strategy options that will assist
the poor to become more active participants in the growth
process, these options typically are not being reflected in
the Bank's assistance strategies or operations." (p. 102)
"5.3 ... The East Asian experience suggests that the
preconditions for high levels of long-term sustainable growth,
such as a healthy and trained work force, take many years to
achieve. It is unrealistic to expect either the preconditions
for this growth or the effect of growth on poverty reduction
to occur quickly. ...
5.4 The 'four tigers' of East Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia,
Thailand, and Singapore) acheived universal primary education
by 1965 and had a base of educated people on which to build
their growth. ... The lesson is that if investments in
education, for example, are not made, economic growth and
poverty reduction will not be achieved or sustained; hence,
difficult but important public expenditure choices should be
made now." (p. 105)
"5.6 The essential lesson for the Bank is that a larger
proportion of incremental growth should reach the poor." (p.
106)
************************************************************
This material is being reposted for wider distribution by the
Africa Policy Information Center (APIC), the educational
affiliate of the Washington Office on Africa. APIC's primary
objective is to widen the policy debate in the United States
around African issues and the U.S. role in Africa, by
concentrating on providing accessible policy-relevant
information and analysis usable by a wide range of groups and
individuals.
Auto-response addresses for more information (send any e-mail
message): africapolicy-info@igc.apc.org (about the Africa
Policy Electronic Distribution List); apic-info@igc.apc.org
(about APIC); woa-info@igc.apc.org (about WOA). Documents
previously distributed, as well as the auto-response
information files, are also available on the Web at:
http://www.igc.apc.org/apic/index.shtml.
To be added to or dropped from the distribution list write to
apic@igc.apc.org. For more information about material cited
from another source please contact directly the source
mentioned in the posting rather than APIC.
For additional information: Africa Policy Information Center,
110 Maryland Ave. NE, #509, Washington, DC 20002. Phone:
202-546-7961. Fax: 202-546-1545. E-mail: apic@igc.apc.org.
************************************************************
---forwarded mail END---
--- OffRoad 1.9o registered to Momodou Camara
------------------------------
Date: 23 Oct 96 20:09:57 EDT
From: "Dr. S. G. Kamara" <73244.2701@CompuServe.COM>
To: GAMBIA-L <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: "Phone scam"
Message-ID: <961024000957_73244.2701_FHO74-1@CompuServe.COM>
Hi Gambia Netters,
Here is a notice about phone and e-mail scam alert. I just
received it and I thought I would pass it on for your
information. Please note and beware.
Regards,
Kamara.
----------------------------------
Subject: FW: Phone Scam Alert
>
>We already have been alerted to phone scams involving area code 809, but
>here is some additional information on how they work and why you won't be
>able to get your money back if you fall for it.
>
> ----------
>
>SCAM: Don't Respond To Emails, Phone Calls, Or Pages Which
>Tell You To Call An "809" Phone Number
>
>This is a very important issue of Internet ScamBusters! because it
>alerts you to a scam that is: - spreading *extremely* quickly - can
>easily cost you $100 or more, and - is difficult to avoid unless you
>are aware of it. We'd like to thank Paul Bruemmer and Brian Stains
>for bringing this scam to our attention - both will receive Internet
>ScamBusters! tee shirts. This scam has also been identified by the
>National Fraud Information Center and is costing victims a lot of
>money.
>
>There are lots of different permutations of this scam, but here is
>how it works:
>
>Permutation #1: Internet Based Phone Scam Via Email You receive an
>email, typically with a subject line of "*ALERT*" or "Unpaid
>account." The message, which is being spammed across the net, says:
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>I am writing to give you a final 24hrs to settle your outstanding
>account. If I have not received the settlement in full, I will
>commence legal proceedings without further delay. If you would like
>to discuss this matter to avoid court action, call Mike Murray at
>Global Communications on +1 809 496 2700.
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
>Permutation #2: Phone Or Pager Scam You receive a message on your
>answering machine or your pager which asks you to call a number
>beginning with area code 809. The reason to you're asked to call
>varies: it can be to receive information about a family member who
>has been ill, to tell you someone has been arrested, died, to let you
>know you have won a wonderful prize, etc. In each case, you're told
>to call the 809 number right away.
>
>Since there are so many new area codes these days, people unknowingly
>return these calls. If you call from the US, you will apparently be
>charged $25 per-minute! Sometimes the person who answers the phone
>will speak broken English and pretend not to understand you. Other
>times, you'll just get a long recorded message. The point is, they
>will try to keep you on the phone as long as possible to increase the
>charges. Unfortunately, when you get your phone bill, you'll often
>be charged more than $100.00.
>
>Here's why it works: The 809 area code is located in the British
>Virgin Islands (the Bahamas). The 809 area code can be used as a
>"pay-per-call" number, similar to 900 numbers in the US. Since 809
>is not in the US, it is not covered by US regulations of 900 numbers,
>which require that you be notified and warned of charges and rates
>involved when you call a "pay-per-call" number. There is also no
>requirement that the company provide a time period during which you
>may terminate the call without being charged. Further, whereas many
>US phones have 900 number blocking (to avoid these kinds of charges),
>900 number blocking will not prevent calls to the 809 area code.
>
>We recommend that no matter how you get the message, if you are asked
>to call a number with an 809 area code that you don't recognize,
>investigate further and/or disregard the message. Be *very* wary of
>email or calls asking you to call an 809 area code number.
>
>It's important to prevent becoming a victim of this scam, since
>trying to fight the charges afterwards can become a real nightmare.
>That's because you did actually make the call. If you complain, both
>our local phone company and your long distance carrier will not want
>to get involved and will most likely tell you that they are simply
>providing the billing for the foreign company. You'll end up dealing
>with a foreign company that argues they have done nothing wrong.
>
>Please forward this entire issue of Internet ScamBusters! to your
>friends, family and colleaguesto help them become aware of this scam
>so they don't get ripped off.
>
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 12:35:49 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Farewell . . .
Message-ID: <308CB375.39F@QATAR.NET.QA>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US wrote:
>
> Gambia-l:
>
> I am sorry to leave; but before I do let me say a few things and
> perhaps along the way remind you of your responsibilities to
> yourselves and the rest of us.
>
> I am very concerned about the cavalier attitudes towards freedom
> and the troubles of those who have been deprived of it in The
> Gambia. I have tried to warn you of the terrible future we face. I
> hope I am wrong. I would rather be a confirmed alarmist than be
> confirmed in prophecy. It is sad to be right alone. I want to be
> wrong about all the terrible thing I have predicted, because lives
> will be saved.
>
> However, I also know that the "compromise" proposed here on this
> forum is really a capitulation to terror. Perhaps we are so
> insistent upon compromise because the terror has not directly
> touched our lives and families yet. At this point, the things we hear
> and write about, are philosophical and remote, like someone elses
> problems. This will change, and then it will be too late. A long
> time ago, someone else had the same attitudes about a certain
> person in History--Hitler. Here is what he said:
>
> "When Hitler attacked the Jews I was not a Jew,
> therefore, I was not concerned. And when Hitler
> attacked the Catholics, I was not a Catholic, and
> therefore, I was not concerned. And when Hitler
> attacked the unions and the industrialists, I was not a
> member of the unions and I was not concerned.
> Then, Hitler attacked me and the Protestant Church--
> and there was nobody left to be concerned. (Friedrich
> Gustav Emil Martin a.k.a. Martin Niemoller)
>
> I am truly baffled by this talk of "compromise" since Jammeh
> "is not so bad". We all know the track record of militaries; and
> we all know what Jammeh is doing today. We have been even told
> Jammeh is like Franco. If he is like Franco, and I think he is, we
> will not escape more blood.
>
> My father often told me, "Honorable," (that's what he called me),
> "you need not step on a blind man's balls twice for him to know
> they are exposed (to traffic)." (That is to say, once is enough and
> the blind man would learn his lesson and tuck his goodies away.)
> Forty years of history have not taught us here on Gambia-l the
> lessons and dangers of military rule. Jammeh can promise the world,
> but without freedom, I'd rather break stone.
>
> I will be back as soon as I can. Mangers, please take me down.
>
> Morro.
Morro!!
Perhaps you have already gone by now; but i find it irresistable to say
a couple of words in response nonetheless.
Your this piece has been the most eloquent of all the peices i have read
by you so far, and yet the most erroneous!!
I wish you success in whatever you would be doing during your absence
from the List, and hope to talk to you again when you return.
Regards Bassss!!!
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 12:52:54 GMT0BST
From: "BEYAI" <P.L.Beyai@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Parliamentary Election- Recent Development
Message-ID: <22D18CB6A3A@TOWN9.ncl.ac.uk>
Fellow members,
Monitoring BBC focus on Africa programme here last evening amidst
poor reception, Ebrima Ceesay reported that UDP has laid down some
conditions for the party's participation in the forthcoming Parliamentary elections.
They include:
1. Unconditional release of all the political detainees,
2. repealing of degree 41according to the report but I think he was
referring to degree 45.
3. Reduction of the deposit for candidates from D5000 per candidate
to the original amount of D200 and
4. Invitation of international observers to monitor the election.
The reported further stated that Mr. Hamat Bah of the NRP in
reacting to the increase in the amount of the deposit from D200 to
D5,000 said that his party could be prevented participating in the
elections because of the astronomical increase in the deposit that took place
recently. PDOIS called on the government to restore the deposit to
the original amount failure of which they would accuse them of using their financial advantage over the opposition.
Observation: If I clearly understand the report, it means the
Government has recently increased the deposit for each candidate participating in the
election from D200 (two hundred dalasis) to D5,000( five thousand dalasis).
It would therefore cost each party D24,000 to nominate a candidate in each of the 44
constituencies.
Regards,
Pa Lamin
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 09:35:56 -0400
From: TSaidy1050@aol.com
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
Message-ID: <961024093556_1146626555@emout20.mail.aol.com>
Amadou,
I am very sorry for not posting the GCE results of the other high schools. I
was caught up on the excitement of my school(Nusrat) doing well, I hope you
understand. Once again the results are:
NUSRAT HIGH SCHOOL(Bundung)
225 candidates registered
15 Div. One with Distinction
76 Div. One
46 Div. Two
46 Div. Three
37 GCE Pass
3 Absentees
Nusrat High School came out first again for the third straight year in both
‘O’ and ‘A’ Level results.
Nasir High School ( Basse)
68 candidates registered
1 Division one with Distinction
7 Division one
5 Division two
31 Division three
24 GCE pass
ARMITAGE HIGH SCHOOL(Janjangbureh)
81 candidates registered.
1 Div. One with Distinction
13 Div. One
14 Div. Two
37 Div. Three
15 GCE Pass
1 Failure
1 Absentee
TAHIR HIGH SCHOOL( Mansakonko)
71 candidates registered
3 Div. One with Distinction
8 Div. One
10 Div. Two
39 Div. Three
11 GCE Pass
FATIMA HIGH SCHOOL( Bwiam)
89 candidates registered
9 Div. One with Distinction
32 Div. One
20 Div. Two
26 Div. Three
2 GCE Pass
BOTTROP HIGH SCHOOL(Brikama)
57 candidates registered
1 Div. One with Distinction
7 Div. One
14 Div. Two
33 Div. Three
1 GCE Pass
1 Absentee
ST. PETER’S HIGH SCHOOL(Lamin)
89 candidates registered
8 Div. One
29 Div. Two
38 Div. Three
14 GCE Pass
ST. AUGUSTINE’S HIGH SCHOOL(Banjul)
150 candidates registered
5 Div. One with Distinction
50 Div. One
37 Div. Two
32 Div. Three
23 GCE Pass
2 Failures
1 Absentee
The results of Muslim, SOS, Gambia, and St. Joseph’s High Schools are not
presently available, and will be posted as soon as possible.
Someone asked, where will all these student go? They will be absorbed in the
real world just as we were. For one thing, they have more opportunity than we
had when we finished high school. There is a university in The Gambia now,
and more 6th Forms, more skill training centres, more scholarships and more
job opportunity than we ever had. Some will travel abroad to the US, UK,
Germany, Sweden, etc. to look for greener pasture, while others will be
absorbed in private sector and public sector.
Peace.
Tombong Saidy
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 12:41:39 -0600
From: njie.1@osu.edu (N'Deye Marie Njie)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Cc: africans@iastate.edu
Subject: Jobs/Internships (fwd)
Message-ID: <v02130500ae9567855816@[128.146.141.79]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Gambia-l:
here are some job/internship opportunities that some of you might find
interesting:
>5) Jobs/Internships
>
> a) Graduate Funding Opportunities in Japan and Korea
> b) Student Opportunities in Antarctic Research (Australia)
> c: Jobs: Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency: 1) Environmental
> Planner I; 2) Water Quality Planner III
>
>=============================================================================
>
>a) Graduate Funding Opportunities in Japan and Korea
>
>A message received via Dr. Jeffrey M. Reutter from Larry Weber:
>
>The Summer Programs in Japan and Korea consists of three programs - The
>Summer Institute in Japan, the Monbusho Summer Program, and the Summer
>Institute in Korea - that provide U.S. graduate students in science
>(including social science) and engineering first-hand experience in Japanese
>and Korean research environments, an introduction to the science and science
>policy infrastructure of the respective countries, and language training. The
>primary goals of the programs are to introduce students to Japanese and
>Korean science and engineering in the context of a research laboratory and to
>initiate personal relationships that will better enable them to collaborate
>with Japanese and Korean counterparts in the future. Each of the programs
>last approximately eight weeks from June/July to August. Application deadline
>is December 1.
>
>When finalized, the official program announcement will be accessible through
>the NSF homepage at: www.nsf.gov/sbe/int/intfund.htm. Printed copies of the
>program announcement can be obtained by sending name and address to
>Thomasina Edwards (tedwards@nsf.gov) at the NSF Japan and Korea Program.
>Specific questions about the programs should be directed to R.J. Soderquist
>(rsoderqu@nsf.gov) for Japan and Gerald Edwards (gedwards@nsf.gov) for Korea.
>
>For the complete overview of the awards, contact Randy Soderquist
>(rsoderqu@nsf.gov) in the National Science Foundation Japan and Korea Program.
>
>This message was too long to be posted in the Newsletter but if you would
>like to receive the original mail (including the complete overviews of the
>awards, send an e-mail to the above mentioned person and he will forward the
>message (QMK).
>
>b) Student Opportunities in Antarctic Research (Australia)
>
>A message recieved via Skip VanBloem:
>
>Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies (IASOS)
>
>IASOS is part of the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) based on the
>campus of the University of Tasmania - the fourth oldest university in
>Australia. The CRC has a staff of 65 and is concerned with large scale
>interactions of the polar regions with the global environment. Major
>scientific disciplines include physical, chemical and biological
>oceanography; atmospheric physics and chemistry; climatology; glaciology;
>polar region biology and palaeo-reconstruction. Legal and policy research is
>involved with environmental management and the operation of the Antarctic
>Treaty System. IASOS and the CRC have 65 postgraduate students who work
>closely with world-class scientists involved in national and international
>research programs, and have access to the extensive facilities not only of
>the CRC itself but also of the partner agencies in Hobart.
>
>Applications are invited for graduate admission to the 1997 HONOURS YEAR
>PROGRAM
>
>The honours year is the normal route to research higher degrees but is also a
>"stand alone" degree (a Graduate Diploma with Honours) for people intending
>to enter directly into career positions. Available thesis topics cover most
>disciplines relevant to polar research. They are backed by course work in
>physical and biological sciences, policy and law, and polar and environmental
>technology. IASOS and the CRC are particularly (although not exclusively)
>interested in attracting top quality maths and physical science graduates.
>They seek also to build the core of biology and of policy and law students.
>Potential candidates may also consider applying for Tasmania Honours
>Scholarships. These scholarships provide a range of benefits including HECS
>exemption, travel and a living allowance.
>
>PhD SCHOLARSHIPS
>
>Australian Postgraduate Awards (APAs), Tasmania Research Scholarships and
>Antarctic CRC Awards are available for honours graduates to work toward
>research Masters and PhD degrees in topic areas of interest to IASOS and the
>Antarctic CRC.
>
>Enquiries:Postgraduate Coordinator,IASOS, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252
>- 77,Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia. http://www.antcrc.utas.edu.au/iasos.html.
>Email: Enquiries@iasos.utas.edu.au Fax: [03] 62262973 or 61-3-62262
>overseas Phone: [03] 62262975 or 61-3-62262975 from overseas.
>
>c) Jobs: Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency: 1) Environmental
>Planner I; 2) Water Quality Planner III
>
>A message received via Dr. Jeffrey M. Reutter:
>
>NORTHEAST OHIO AREAWIDE COORDINATING AGENCY
>FROM: John Beeker, Director Environmental Planning
>
>1) Environmental Planner I
>
>Entry level position to perform work related to regional water quality and/or
>air quality planning and environmental impacts assessment. This work supports
>the water quality and air quality planning functions of the Cleveland, Ohio
>area metropolitan planning organization. Bachelors degree in planning,
>geography, engineering or related field. Micro-computer experience and good
>oral and written communication skills required. Two-year full time work
>assignment. Salary up to $22,500 per year, commensurate with qualifications.
>Standard agency benefits apply. Send resume by November 30, 1996 to: Attn:
>Jamy Wheeler, Personnel Administrator, NOACA, 4th Floor Atrium Office Plaza,
>668 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-3000
>
>2) Water Quality Planner III
>
>Employee will work in support of an update to an areawide water quality
>management plan. This work involves the independent application of planning
>skills to planning functions of the Cleveland Ohio region areawide water
>quality management planning (208) agency. Bachelors degree in
>city/regional/environmental planning, geography, environmental science,
>engineering or related field. Four years relevant experience; master's
>degree may be substituted for 2 years experience. Two-year full time work
>assignment. Salary up to $34,000 per year commensurate with qualifications.
>
>Standard Agency benefits apply. Send resume by November 30, 1996 to: Attn:
>Jamy Wheeler, Personnel Administrator, NOACA, 4th Floor Atrium Office Plaza,
>668 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-3000.
>=============================================================================
>
-----------------------
N'Deye Marie N'Jie
Graduate Associate
Dept of Food, Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering
The Ohio State University
614/688-3445 (W); <njie.1@osu.edu>
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 14:22:06 +500
From: "Adama Kah" <Vptaak@vpt.gwu.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
Message-ID: <52E654629BF@vpt.gwu.edu>
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 09:35:56 -0400
Reply-to: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
From: TSaidy1050@aol.com
To: GAMBIA-L: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: GCE EXAM RESULTS
Gambia-L,
I have made a rough analysis of the GCE results, and I am sending it
as a spreadsheet attachment to this mailing. Again, it is a rough
analysis (as you may guess, this is one of few times I've had some free time to goof
off a little). If the spreadsheet is not legible, please let me know
so that I'll re-send in different format.
The total number of candidates for Nusrat H.S. and Armitage H.S. are
223 and 81, rather than 225 and 82, respectively (pl.s varify the
total numbers). In my opinion the school that, overall, did very well is
Fatima H.S. The results of SAHS and Nusrat H.S. seem to
statistically equivalent ( and am not arguing that because I am a
SAHS alumnus).
I am proud to see that their are a lot more high schools compared to
when I left The Gambia six years ago. I am also proud to see that
the performance of the students continue to improve. However, lots
more need to be done. Anyway, I got to run now.
Amadou,
I am very sorry for not posting the GCE results of the other high schools. I
was caught up on the excitement of my school(Nusrat) doing well, I hope you
understand. Once again the results are:
NUSRAT HIGH SCHOOL(Bundung)
225 candidates registered
15 Div. One with Distinction
76 Div. One
46 Div. Two
46 Div. Three
37 GCE Pass
3 Absentees
Nusrat High School came out first again for the third straight year in both
eeOAE and eeAAE Level results.
Nasir High School ( Basse)
68 candidates registered
1 Division one with Distinction
7 Division one
5 Division two
31 Division three
24 GCE pass
ARMITAGE HIGH SCHOOL(Janjangbureh)
81 candidates registered.
1 Div. One with Distinction
13 Div. One
14 Div. Two
37 Div. Three
15 GCE Pass
1 Failure
1 Absentee
TAHIR HIGH SCHOOL( Mansakonko)
71 candidates registered
3 Div. One with Distinction
8 Div. One
10 Div. Two
39 Div. Three
11 GCE Pass
FATIMA HIGH SCHOOL( Bwiam)
89 candidates registered
9 Div. One with Distinction
32 Div. One
20 Div. Two
26 Div. Three
2 GCE Pass
BOTTROP HIGH SCHOOL(Brikama)
57 candidates registered
1 Div. One with Distinction
7 Div. One
14 Div. Two
33 Div. Three
1 GCE Pass
1 Absentee
ST. PETERAES HIGH SCHOOL(Lamin)
89 candidates registered
8 Div. One
29 Div. Two
38 Div. Three
14 GCE Pass
ST. AUGUSTINEAES HIGH SCHOOL(Banjul)
150 candidates registered
5 Div. One with Distinction
50 Div. One
37 Div. Two
32 Div. Three
23 GCE Pass
2 Failures
1 Absentee
The results of Muslim, SOS, Gambia, and St. JosephAEs High Schools are not
presently available, and will be posted as soon as possible.
Someone asked, where will all these student go? They will be absorbed in the
real world just as we were. For one thing, they have more opportunity than we
had when we finished high school. There is a university in The Gambia now,
and more 6th Forms, more skill training centres, more scholarships and more
job opportunity than we ever had. Some will travel abroad to the US, UK,
Germany, Sweden, etc. to look for greener pasture, while others will be
absorbed in private sector and public sector.
Peace.
Tombong Saidy
Adama Kah
The George Washington University
Office of The Vice President and Treasurer
2121 I St., NW
Rice Hall, Suite 707
Washington, D.C. 20052
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 20:05:03 -0400
From: bf299@freenet.carleton.ca (Bocar Ndiaye)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: [npc@NYC.PIPELINE.COM: Oct 28th Day of Solidarity]
Message-ID: <199610250005.UAA07919@freenet3.carleton.ca>
================= Begin forwarded message =================
From: npc@NYC.PIPELINE.COM (DEIRDRE SINNOTT)
To: SUNUGAAL@GWUVM.GWU.EDU (Multiple recipients of list SUNUGAAL)
Subject: Oct 28th Day of Solidarity
Date: Wed, 23 Oct
Join the International Day of Protest for
Human Rights and Democracy in Indonesia ---
October 28th 5:00 to 6:30, 325 East 38th St. NYC
Call the International Action Center at (212) 633-6646 for more
information.
The October 28th International Day of Protest for Human Rights and
Democracy in Indonesia is demanding 1) stop U.S. arms sales and military
aid to the Suharto regime; 2) support Indonesian workers' right to organize
and for a living wage; 3) free all Indonesian and East Timorese political
prisoners; and 4) self-determination for East Timor.
The New York demonstration will be held from 5:00 to 6:30 at the
Indonesian Mission to the UN, 325 East 38th St. It may march to the UN
Mission on First Avenue and 44th St. There's also a noon demo that day in
San Francisco at Clinton/Gore Headquarters.
The International Action Center is the initiator of the New York demo and
is participating in the San Francisco demo with East Timor Action Network,
East Timor Religious Outreach and Global Exchange.
The International Day of Solidarity is being coordinated by the group ASIET
in Australia. As of two weeks ago, they were reporting that actions would
be held in seven Australian cities, in South Africa, India, the
Philippines, Hong Kong, Canada, and the Netherlands.
Indonesian workers make $1.75 a day working in factories for
companies like Nike and Reebok. The newly formed independent trade union
movement is demanding $3/day. Its leaders, all in their
twenties, are in jail. So are the leaders of the Peoples Democratic
Party. The Indonesian military has ruled through brutal repression
since 1965, when it took over in a CIA-supported coup and massacred a
million progressives. A decade later it invaded East Timor. Over 200,000
Timorese have died in the struggle for self-determination.
Any and all organizations wishing to join in the action please call Ph:
212-633-6646, Fx: 212-633-2889.
I hope that this type of action will inspire us for
the human right violations going on in Gambia.
peace
Bocar
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 22:49:21 -0400
From: ademba@gardner-webb.edu (Alasana Demba)
To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU
Subject: (no subject)
Message-ID: <32702AB1.6722@Gardner-Webb.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Hi Adama Kah,
I have not seen the result of my former school, Gambia High School. I
would like to know if possible.
Thanks
Alasana Demba (Gardner_Webb University).
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 00:26:27 -0400 (EDT)
From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Farewell . . . (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.95L.961025002500.11139C-100000@ciao.cc.columbia.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
/* SOMEONE SENT THIS AND IT WAS REJECTED. IT WAS NOT SIGNED SO PLEASE
LOOK AT THE ADDRESS IF YOU WANT TO FIND THE OWNER. */
Received: from JULIUS/SpoolDir by nov.jtp.brock.dk (Mercury 1.21);
24 Oct 96 14:02:42 +100
Received: from SpoolDir by JULIUS (Mercury 1.21); 24 Oct 96 14:02:25 +100
From: "FATOV KHAN" <0702fk@nov.jtp.brock.dk>
To: KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 14:02:21 +100
Subject: Re: Farewell . . .
Cc: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
X-Pmrqc: 1
X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.23)
Message-Id: <32C33761252@nov.jtp.brock.dk>
Hey,
Regarding your response to Morro's re:farewell,I am sure if Morro
could read it he would be flattered to be described as eloquent.But
would you please try to point out some of the errors,because calling
the whole thing "erroneous"seems unfair considering the fact that we
have not heard your correction.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 00:34:07 -0400 (EDT)
From: at137@columbia.edu
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: cnet clip, In a Nation with Slaves, a Woman Wins a Voice
Message-ID: <199610250434.AAA02525@shalom.cc.columbia.edu>
This section is from the document '/clari/living/human_interest/1233'.
Path: news.columbia.edu!news.columbia.edu!baroque.clari.net!duet.clari.net!soprano.clari.net!e.news
Comment: Subject mapped from all upper case
X-Fn: af/Mvoice.RAjA_6OM
Distribution: cl-2,cl-3,cl-edu,cl-4
Approved: editor@clarinet.com
From: C-csm@clari.net (CSM / David Hecht)
Newsgroups: clari.news.features,clari.world.gov.politics,clari.living.human_interest,clari.living,clari.living.misc
Subject: In a Nation with Slaves, a Woman Wins a Voice
Organization: Copyright 1996 by Christian Science Monitor
Message-ID: <MvoiceURAjA_6OM@clari.net>
Lines: 61
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 16:02:26 PDT
ACategory: international
Slugword: csm-VOICE
Threadword: csm
Priority: regular
ANPA: Wc: 651/0; Id: S0650; Src: csm; Sel: tp--m; Adate: 10-22-N.A
Note: 650 words
Xref: news.columbia.edu clari.news.features:24032 clari.world.gov.politics:16059 clari.living.human_interest:1233 clari.living:2230 clari.living.misc:2656
The Christian Science Monitor
NOUAKCHOTT, MAURITANIA -- Fatma Zeina Mint Sbaghou has climbed up
from the bottom of the social ladder. A black woman born into a slave
caste, she took office as one of Mauritania's 79 members of parliament
Oct. 21.
In this desert nation, light-skinned Moors have traditionally
enslaved blacks, a practice outlawed three times but still in use. But
Ms. Sbaghou now has authority over the light-skinned clan chiefs of
her district who not long ago enslaved her family. Few members of her
lowly caste, known in the local Arabic dialect as Haratin, have risen
to this position of authority in West Africa's only Islamic republic,
and never a woman.
It may look as though a new political equality is sprouting from
the sands of the Sahara. Many observers, however, say Sbaghou won a
rigged election designed to put a slave-caste member in a high-profile
position in order to meet foreign demands for social reform in
Mauritania. Officials deny it.
The government has little real interest in changing the Mauritanian
system of slavery, say members of the local emancipation movement, SOS
Slaves. Lacking a popular mandate, President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed
Taya's power base comes from wealthy slave masters, says SOS Slaves'
executive secretary, Habib Ould Nahfoudh. The Washington-based human
rights group Africa Watch claims that at least 100,000 Haratin remain
enslaved.
Why did President Taya pick a former slave for parliament? ``Partly
to placate Western demands to end slavery and democratize,'' says
Hindou mint Ainina, editor in chief of Calame, an independent
newspaper. Despite US State Department reservations, Congress passed a
bill earlier this month suspending nonhumanitarian aid to Mauritania
until antislavery laws are enforced.
But Ms. Ainina claims that putting a slave-caste member in
parliament is Taya's means of weakening the ``tribe'' or clan chiefs
who largely control how their members vote. One of his targets is the
powerful head of the Mechdorf clan, Hamoud Ould Ahmedou. Sbaghou, a
member of the Mechdorf clan, was made a member of parliament from
Ahmedou's district in order to humiliate him, Ainina says. ``It was a
warning to other clan leaders not to challenge the state,'' she says.
Most blacks of the Mechdorf clan, who had previously supported
Sbaghou, are believed to have been angered by the insult to their
light-skinned chief and crossed racial lines to vote against her. Yet
she was one of four government candidates who mysteriously won without
their clan's support. The Army reportedly had a heavy presence in the
polling centers of these candidates and may have tipped the vote.
As in nearby Niger and Gambia, Mauritania is ruled by an Army coup
leader turned civilian president who has fashioned a tyrannical form
of multiparty democracy.
The October parliamentary elections were the first since Taya took
power in 1984 that were not boycotted by Mauritania's opposition
parties, yet they won only one of 79 seats. International observers
documented voter irregularities throughout the country, including
instances of manipulated voter lists and coercion.
In Nouakchott, the capital, small groups of protesters stood near
polling stations denouncing fraud. One woman who accused people of
multiple voting was seen being beaten by soldiers.
Given the government's history of a carrot-and-stick approach,
Ainina says, the Mechdorf clan chief probably will accept the
humiliation of Ms. Sbaghou's election and will be rewarded later.
``Probably one of his children will be given an ambassadorship,'' she
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 00:39:15 -0400 (EDT)
From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: why are there slaves in Africa ?
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.95L.961025003431.14007A-100000@ciao.cc.columbia.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Folks,
Can anyone comment on why African government seem to be so
accepting of the practice of slavery in Mauritania and Sudan ? Even
Southerners stopped enslaving blacks in the 1860's !
-Abdou.
*******************************************************************************
A. TOURAY.
at137@columbia.edu
abdou@cs.columbia.edu
abdou@touchscreen.com
(212) 749-7971
MY URL's ON THE WWW= http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~at137
http://www.psl.cs.columbia.edu/~abdou
A FINITE IN A LAND OF INFINITY.
SEEKING BUT THE REACHABLE.
I WANDER AND I WONDER.
ALL RESPITE IS FINAL.
*******************************************************************************
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 10:25:15 +0300
From: BASS KOLLEH DRAMMEH <KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Farewell . . . (fwd)
Message-ID: <308DE65A.41DA@QATAR.NET.QA>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
ABDOU wrote:
>
> /* SOMEONE SENT THIS AND IT WAS REJECTED. IT WAS NOT SIGNED SO PLEASE
> LOOK AT THE ADDRESS IF YOU WANT TO FIND THE OWNER. */
>
> Received: from JULIUS/SpoolDir by nov.jtp.brock.dk (Mercury 1.21);
> 24 Oct 96 14:02:42 +100
> Received: from SpoolDir by JULIUS (Mercury 1.21); 24 Oct 96 14:02:25 +100
> From: "FATOV KHAN" <0702fk@nov.jtp.brock.dk>
> To: KOLLS567@QATAR.NET.QA
> Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 14:02:21 +100
> Subject: Re: Farewell . . .
> Cc: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu
> X-Pmrqc: 1
> X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.23)
> Message-Id: <32C33761252@nov.jtp.brock.dk>
>
> Hey,
> Regarding your response to Morro's re:farewell,I am sure if Morro
> could read it he would be flattered to be described as eloquent.But
> would you please try to point out some of the errors,because calling
> the whole thing "erroneous"seems unfair considering the fact that we
> have not heard your correction.
Hello Abdou!!
Yes, I think you are right in saying that it was somewhat unfair on
my part to characterise Morro's entire piece
as erroneous without
elaborating.I think the main reason for that was that
my heart forced me to say something back to Morro , even though my head
knew that he would not be there to read it.But if you insist, I can
point out a couple of things, of course!!
Well, for starters, Morro confidently believes that he has a monopoly
on"rightness", which is not only wrong but arrogant as well.Read his
second paragraph: "..... It is sad to be right alone."
It is true that FREEDOM is an absolute universal human value, but
instances of freedom are not absolute but relative.For the overwhelming
majority of Gambians actually living under Mr. jammeh, that country is
reasonably free.That is not my personal view, but the view of a large
number of Gambians in Gambia i have talked to.Of course, there are
grumbles here and there, esp. from those whose friends , relatives and
loved ones have been disinherited by the new regime.But what government
can claim a 100% approval by its subjects!!
The other thing is that since Morro is an "honorable" person, and since
he believes Jammeh is Franco, it would follow from that that he hates
Jammeh, because all honorable people should hate the human vice called
Fascism.And if he hates Jammeh, it would be impossible for him to be
fair to him or to his record.That is precisely why he somewhat believes
that the 56% of the Gambians who voted for Jammeh, did not do it by
their own volitions, but as a result of being terrorised into doing
so.That assumption is not only erroneous, it is also an insult to the
smartness of the average Gambian man and woman.
The grim, bloody, terror ridden future Morro is predicting is closer to
Orwell's 1984 than to Gambia, and we are twelve years away from 1984
anyway, and Old England is still democratic,alive and kicking.So, if
a giant like orwell could get it wrong, what would you expect from an
ordinary folk whose dire prediction is as huge as that of the master
himself?!!!
Morro should know that we are not capitulating.We are just trying to
give this guy a chance to prove himself.We know that Gambia is not
sweden, but we know also that its bombastic to compare Jammeh to Franco
or Hitler;and, further, we know also that Gambia is not Airstrip One in
1984.so,yes, we have taken note of his warnings,but it would be wise not
overstate his case.
Regards Basssss!!
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 10:56:55 GMT0BST
From: "BEYAI" <P.L.Beyai@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: Re: Parliamentary election-Recent Dev.
Message-ID: <2432ACA788F@TOWN9.ncl.ac.uk>
Members,
Iwould like to make some correction on ther final part of my posting
yesterday.
44 consituencies*5000=D220,000 instead of D24,000
The error is regretted.
Regards,
Pa Lamin
------------------------------
Date: 25 Oct 1996 14:11:17 GMT
From: momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: AFRICA-DEVELOPMENT: New Initiative for Industrial Growth
Message-ID: <1394155391.119551152@inform-bbs.dk>
Gambia-l,
I hope that this article might be of interest to some list members.
---forwarded mail START---
Copyright 1996 Inter Press Service.
All rights reserved. Distribution via MISANET.
*** 23-Oct-96 ***
AFRICA-DEVELOPMENT: New Initiative for Industrial Growth
By Melvis Dzisah
ABIDJAN, Oct 23 (IPS) - Linking agricultural production and
industrial development in Africa is the thrust of the latest
UN-sponsored initiative for Africa, launched here on Wednesday.
The Alliance for Africa's Industrialization (AAI) is
sponsored by the U.N. Industrial and Development Organization (U
NIDO), whose Director-General Mauricio Maria y Campos describes
it as innovative.
Speaking at Wednesday's launch of the AAI, Ivoirian President
Henri Konan Bedie said the initiative ''will permit a d
efinite radical transformation of our economy and society, which
is necessary if we want Africa to take her place among
developed nations during the next century.'' But, he added, ''it
is left to us as Africans to define our plans of action
s to achieve these goals.''
According to Maria y Campos, no time frame has been set for
the AAI, which will be financed initially by UNIDO and Af
rican countries while pledges are expected from -- but have not
yet made by -- industrial nations and multilateral finan
cial bodies.
He sees the link between agricultural and industrial
development targetted by the AAI as a pre-condition for African
industrial development. ''Such a link,'' he said ''could have a
potential impact on poverty alleviation, employment and
income generation in Africa.''
According to the U.N. Nations Development Programme (UNDP),
Africa has 33 of the world's 48 least developed countries
, while more than 220 million of it's 650 million people live in
poverty.
''This is happening because while 80 percent of Africa's
population are engaged in the agricultural sector, most of t
hem are producing only cash crops for export whose returns do
not return to them,'' Campos told IPS here at the weekend.
The UNIDO Director General feels that a closer relationship
between governments and the private sector in Africa in c
ollaboration with the international Community as envisaged under
the AAI could yield dividends for the continent's poor.
''The broad goals of the alliance include developing African-
generated industrial development startegies addressing d
irectly and effectively Africa's principal economic problems of
low industrial output and domestic value added, unemplo
yment, poverty and food insecurity,'' he said.
''It is also to stimulate increased international commitment
to African industrial development and generate increased
support to promote sustained industrial growth and
competitiveness in Africa through strengthening local capacities
at
policy, institutional and enterprise level,'' he added.
The AAI, backed by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU),
the Conference of African Ministers of Industry (CAMI) an
d the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), envisages a greater
commitment from African leaders to pursue industrial dev
elopment strategies for their nations.
After becoming independent -- mostly in the 1950s and 1960s --
most Sub-Saharan African countries adopted agriculture
-based development programmes without the support of agro-
industries to add value to what they produced.
At first this worked, since there were ready markets for raw
materials in the North, but trouble started when recessi
on set in in Europe and North America in the 70's and, pretty
soon, African countries realised that their dwindling earn
ings from cash-crop exports could no support development
programmes.
Most turned to international moneylenders, including the
International Monetary Fund which persuaded them to accept
adjustment programmes, whose results they are still awaiting.
''If African countries from the start had developed strong
agro-based industries, what they are suffering now would n
ot have happened,'' said Campos, who believes there is still
hope that Africa can make a U-turn.
''Africa's natural resources are its real weapons and assets
which, added to the lessons from the past, could help it
to kick-start its own industrial revolution,'' Campos argued.
But, while Africa can learn from others, its industrial a
genda must be home bred and not a photocopy of blueprints from
elsewhere, he said.
The AAI is expected to serve as a back-up to a U.N. System-
wide Special Initiative on Africa, launched this year, and
which itself is meant to serve as the operational arm of the
UN's New Agenda for the Development of Africa, launched a
few years ago.
The string of initiatives and programmes aimed at pulling
Africa out of poverty have aroused much scepticism but offi
cials who helped finetune the AAI believe it could be a success.
''One of the real strengths of this initiative is that, for
the first time the international community has agreed tha
t its ownership must be solidly African and be built upon
existing national, subregional and regional initiatives,'' p
ointed out Harouna Niang, Secretary General of Mali's Ministry
of Industry, Rural Development and Tourism.
If the attendance at Wednesday's launch is anything to go by,
Africa's governments are taking the AAI seriously. Pres
idents Alpha Konare of Mali, Omar Bongo of Gabon, Mathieu
Kerekou of Benin, Pascal Lissouba of Congo and Ibrahim Bare Ma
inassara (Niger) were all there.
So, too, were the prime ministers of Guinea, Equatorial
Guinea, Burkina Faso and Togo as were representatives of Sene
gal, Mauritania and the OAU and other African institutions.
(END/IPS/MD/KB/96)
****************************************************************
[c] 1996, Inter Press Seervice Third World News Agency
(IPS) All rights reserved
May not be reproduced, reprinted or posted to any system or
service outside of the MISANET without permission from IPS or
MISA. For MISA information, send a message to
dlush@ingrid.misa.org.na and for information about IPS, send a
message to Lynette Muringi-Matimba at ipshre@harare.iafrica.com
*****************************************************************
---forwarded mail END---
--- OffRoad 1.9o registered to Momodou Camara
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 08:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
From: Ylva Hernlund <yher@u.washington.edu>
To: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu>
Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>, ;
Subject: Re: why are there slaves in Africa ?
Message-ID: <Pine.A32.3.95.961025082929.119271G-100000@homer29.u.washington.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
There is an interesting article on this in the current issue of New
African magazine (in the context of Farrakhan's denial that slavery exists
in Mauritania and Sudan).
On Fri, 25 Oct 1996, ABDOU wrote:
> Folks,
> Can anyone comment on why African government seem to be so
> accepting of the practice of slavery in Mauritania and Sudan ? Even
> Southerners stopped enslaving blacks in the 1860's !
> -Abdou.
>
> *******************************************************************************
> A. TOURAY.
> at137@columbia.edu
> abdou@cs.columbia.edu
> abdou@touchscreen.com
> (212) 749-7971
> MY URL's ON THE WWW= http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~at137
> http://www.psl.cs.columbia.edu/~abdou
>
> A FINITE IN A LAND OF INFINITY.
> SEEKING BUT THE REACHABLE.
> I WANDER AND I WONDER.
> ALL RESPITE IS FINAL.
> *******************************************************************************
>
>
>
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 12:54:23 +500
From: "Adama Kah" <Vptaak@vpt.gwu.edu>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: GCE Results ( Gambia H.S.)
Message-ID: <544EF9B1D45@vpt.gwu.edu>
Gambia-L,
A member requested for an analysis of GHS GCE results (I
accidentally deleted the message). Mr. Saidy didn't not provide any
GCE results data for GHS, and a few others. However, once we have
the data I can include them in the analysis and make it available.
Have a good week-end.
Adama Kah
The George Washington University
Office of The Vice President and Treasurer
2121 I St., NW
Rice Hall, Suite 707
Washington, D.C. 20052
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 1996 20:08:17 -0400 (AST)
From: CHERNO <C_JAGNE@HUSKY1.STMARYS.CA>
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: membership
Message-ID: <01IB2M4LN8K2002WZR@HUSKY1.STMARYS.CA>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
List Managers,
A friend of mine, Raye Sosseh, is interested in joining the group and I would
greatly appreciate it if you could have him subscribed. This is his address:
GT8065B@PRISM.GATECH.EDU
Thank you.
Cho
c_jagne@husky1.stmarys.ca
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 26 Oct 1996 01:54:45 -0400 (EDT)
From: Sulayman Nyang <nyang@cldc.howard.edu>
To: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Re: why are there slaves in Africa ?
Message-ID: <Pine.ULT.3.93.961026013006.12813F-100000@spock>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
From: Sulayman S. Nyang (nyang@cldc.howard.edu)
This is a brief note on the question of slavery in Sudan and
Mauretania.The question by our colleague is timely and deserves an answer
from some of us on the list. The main reason why the African governments
have not responded to the qustion of slavery is unclear.However, as an
Africanist working in the field for sometime, I can speculate as to why
this is the case. The first point that comes to mind is the notion that
African governments, including the Sudanese and Mauretanian governments,
enjoyed total jurisdiction over their territory and this is a part of a
moral ,legal and political notion Ali Mazrui would call the Principle of
Continental Jurisdiction.This is part of a global idea of territorial
sovereignty, a notion that has accounted for much of the bloodshed in
Europe and her colonies since the nineteenth century.As many political
scientists now argue, the idea of sovereignty is being eroded and
challenged by new forces. Certainly human rights groups and other forces
in the international community are no longer deter from raising the alarum
bells when they smell a rat.The second reason why theere have been no
commentaries on the subject matter may lie in the fact that many who
support the idea of reparations might be deterred from saying anything
because it is simply embarassing to learn that the institution (known to
American historians as the Peculiar Institution) is still alive in certain
parts of the globe.Ofcourse, the apologists for the remnants of this
peculiar institution elsewhere in the global system would say that this
global call for investigation of slavery in the two countries in Africa is
an imperialist plot.Some have suggested that it is a Zionist plot which
has been concocted with the assistance of the Christian evangelical
movement whose stocks have been greatly affected by the Sudanese
government.Those of us who do not countenance any brutality from any human
agency are not easily satisfied by such apologists of what appears to be
the remnants of the peculiar institution in Africa.Propaganda or no
propaganda, the fact remains that the two accused governments must defend
themselves at the bar of human justice. It makes good sense if they
agree to an international commission to report on the matter.We are not
saying that they are outrightly guilty as charged. But we cannot make
any case on their behalf without evidences from their part to refute
the allegations.The third reason why I believe the African governments
have been silent may lie at the nature of the accused governments. Both
of them are military dictatorships which have tried to civilianise
themselves.They may see the allegations against them are just the first
attacks that the opposition (in this case the global human rights
movement and others intereted in the welfare of the poor,the weak and
the helpless in the African continent.Once they confess to this major
abomination, it is logical that other violations of the humanity of
their citizens would be easier to expose and challenged in the UN and
other human agencies. the bar of human justice.In these
days of CNN and BBC global
outreach, it makes good public relations for accused governments to prove
their ca3 (h
------------------------------
Date: 26 Oct 1996 22:17:16 GMT
From: momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: AFRICA-ECONOMY: Encouraging Words and Figures ...
Message-ID: <636477437.126472148@inform-bbs.dk>
---forwarded mail START---
Date: 26/10/96 22:56
Subject: Fwd: AFRICA-ECONOMY: Encouraging Words and Figures from theAfDB
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Copyright 1996 Inter Press Service.
All rights reserved. Distribution via MISANET.
*** 25-Oct-96 ***
AFRICA-ECONOMY: Encouraging Words and Figures from the AfDB
By Melvis Dzisah
ABIDJAN, Oct 25 (IPS) - Africa's gross domestic product (GDP)
grew by three percent in 1995, a ''significant improvement
'' on the 1.6 percent average for 1990-1994, the African
Development Bank (AfDB) said in a report released Friday.
It attributed the upturn to ''the growing number of countries
in the region which have been able to establish conditi
ons necessary for macro-economic stability and sustainable
growth.''
''The number of African countries with GDP growth in excess
of 3 percent increased to 32 from 20 in the year before,
while countries with growth rates which were too low to improve
per capita income were reduced from 24 to 15,'' the AfD
B disclosed in its 1996 African Development Report.
According to the document, inflation is also on the decline
although the 1995 rate of 10.6 percent ''indicates that t
he average inflation rate continues to be largely influenced by
high levels registered by African high-inflation countri
es.''
However, the report stressed that more needs to be done on
the external front to sustain growth. Africa's current acc
ount, it said, registered a record deficit of over 18 billion
dollars last year as against 14.3 billion dollars in 1994.
''Africa's outstanding external debt totalled approximately
306 billion dollars in December 1995, which is an increas
e of 14 billion over 1994,'' it added. ''A comprehensive
resolution of the region's debt problems is therefore needed if
investment and GDP growth in these countries are to be
boosted.''
The AfDB believes Africa's medium-term economic outlook is
promising since GDP is expected to grow at an annual avera
ge of 4.6 percent in 1996-2000.
''Over the longer term, however, getting on with sustainable
development calls for strategies and policies well beyo
nd the framework of adjustment programmes while consolidating
the gains from macro-economic reforms which are essential
for recovery and growth,'' it stressed.
Poverty reduction, it said, would be best achieved through
policies and activities that enhances the factors and asse
ts of poor households. ''Since women in Africa comprise the
majority of the poor, improving their situation becomes indi
spensable for the attainment of positive impacts on society as a
whole,'' the document stated.
The bank stressed that while ''no country has attained
significant levels of development without industrialization, t
he crucial role of agriculture as the take-off base cannot be
underscored.''
Industrialization, it stressed, would need to be supported by
better incentive structures, improvements in technology
and the development of human capital through improved training
in specific industrial skills.
''In regard to small and medium-sized enterprises, it may be
helpful to develop extension services that deliver neede
d packages of assistance comprising technical know-how, finance
training and sales informations,'' the report suggested.
However, a key determinant of long-term growth is the
effective harnessing of domestic resources, said the AfDB, whic
h promised that it would continue ''to promote policies
environments that enhance the saving-investment process, includi
ng the attraction of private foreign investment.''
(END/IPS/MD/KB/96)
****************************************************************
[c] 1996, Inter Press Seervice Third World News Agency
(IPS) All rights reserved
May not be reproduced, reprinted or posted to any system or
service outside of the MISANET without permission from IPS or
MISA. For MISA information, send a message to
dlush@ingrid.misa.org.na and for information about IPS, send a
message to Lynette Muringi-Matimba at ipshre@harare.iafrica.com
*****************************************************************
---forwarded mail END---
--- OffRoad 1.9o registered to Momodou Camara
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 26 Oct 1996 20:06:08 -0700
From: sarian@osmosys.incog.com (Sarian Loum)
To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu
Subject: New Member
Message-ID: <199610270306.UAA05722@thesky.incog.com>
Hi all,
Raye Sosseh has just been added to the list. Please join me in welcoming Ray to our group. Raye please send in your intro as soon as you can and we look forward to your contribution to Gambia-l.
regards,
Sarian
------------------------------
End of GAMBIA-L Digest 39
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gambia-l: LOG9610E - Digest 39
