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Janyanfara
Tanzania
1350 Posts |
 Posted - 24 Mar 2006 : 23:51:29
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Ancient Empires of Africa
Kings of Axum
Pages in category "Historical African monarchies"
There are 23 pages in this section of this category.A
Kingdom of Aksum
Alodia
B
Kingdom of Benin
C
Central African Empire
D
Dagomba
Dotawo
G
Garo, Ethiopia
G cont.
Kingdom of Gera
Kingdom of Gomma
Kingdom of Gumma
H
Hadiya
I
Ifat
Ijebu
J
Kingdom of Janjero
Kingdom of Jimma
K
Kingdom of Kaabu
Kingdom of Kaffa
Kingdom of Kerma
Kingdom of Kongo
L
Limmu-Ennarea
M
Mali
Makuria
S
Kingdom of Songhai
Kingdom of Sennar
T
Taqali
W
Waalo
We shall from now be directly dealing with Africa b4 the East and West's arrivals
Thanks
Mankajang Janyanfara
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Edited by - Janyanfara on 26 Mar 2006 23:42:26 |
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Janyanfara
Tanzania
1350 Posts |
Posted - 24 Mar 2006 : 23:57:03
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Hi brother/sisters,
I must first start with the Kingdom of waloo in the senegal basin,
The Kingdom of Waalo (Oualo) was a kingdom on the lower Senegal River in West Africa, in what are now Senegal and Mauritania. It included parts of the valley proper and areas north and south, extending to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north were Moorish Emirates; to the south was the Kingdom of Cayor; to the east was Jolof (Diolof).
Waalo had a complicated political and social system, which has a continuing influence on Wolof culture in Senegal today, especially its highly formalized and rigid caste system. The kingdom was indirectly hereditary, ruled by three matrilinial families: the Logar, the Tedyek and the Joos, all from different ethnic backgrounds. Its history includes constant struggles among these families to become "Brak" or king of Waalo, as well as wars with its neighbors.
Waalo was founded in 1287. The semi-legendary figure NDiadiane Ndiaye, was from this kingdom. The mysterious figure went on to rule the kingdom of Jolof. Under NDdiadian, Jolof made Waalo a vassal.
The royal capital of Waalo was first Diourbel (Guribel) on the north bank of the Senegal River (in modern Mauritania), then Ndiangué on the south bank of the river, then the capital was moved to Nder on the west shore of the Lac de Guiers. Waalo was subject to constant raids for slaves not only from the Moors but also in the internecine wars.
The Brak ruled with a kind of legislature, the Seb Ak Baor, over a complicated hierarchy of officials and dignitaries. Women had high posiitons and figure promininently in the political and military history.
Waalo had lucrative treaties with the French, who had established their base at the island of Saint-Louis (now Saint-Louis, Senegal) near the mouth of the river. Waalo was paid fees for every boatload of gum arabic or slaves that was shipped on the river, in return for its "protection" of the trade.
Eventually this protection became ineffective. Vassals of Waalo, like Beetyo (Bethio) split off. Waalo was conquered in 1855 by the French, in a campaign of Governor Louis Faidherbe. This was the first major inland conquest by the French, by which they eventually obtained all of Mauritania, Senegal and French Sudan (now Mali). In all, Waalo had 52 kings since its founding.
Waalo had its own traditional African religion. The ruling class was slow to accept Islam, which had spread in the valley; the Brak converted only in the 19th century. Waalo fell to France in 1855.
Some of the Kings of Waalo after the fall of Jolof
1674 - 1708 Naatago Aram Bakar
1708 - 1733 Njak Aram Bakar Teedyek
1733 - 1734 Yerim Nadate Bubu
1734 - 1735 Meu Mbody Kumba Khedy
1735 - 1736 Yerim Khode Fara Mboj
1736 - 1780 Njak Xuri Yop
1780 - 1795? Fara Penda Teg Rel
1795 - 1805 Njak Kumba Xuri Yay Mboj
1805 - 1810 Saayodo Yaasin Mboj
1810 - 1816 Kuli Mbaaba Mboj
1816 - 1825 Amar Faatim Mborso Mboj
1825 - Dec 1827 Yerim Mbañik Teg-Rella Mboj
Dec 1827 - 1830 Fara Penda Adam Sal Mboj (1st time)
Jul 7 1830 - 1832 Xerfi Xari Daaro (1st time)
1832 - 1833 Fara Penda Adam Sal Mboj (2nd time)
Jul 21 1833 - 1835 Xerfi Xari Daaro (2nd time)
1835 - Oct 30 1840 Fara Penda Adam Sal Mboj (3rd time)
Nov 1840 - Feb 1855 Mö Mboj Maalik Mboj
Thank you
Mankajang Janyanfara |
Edited by - Janyanfara on 24 Mar 2006 23:58:33 |
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Janyanfara
Tanzania
1350 Posts |
Posted - 26 Mar 2006 : 23:40:35
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We then look at the Mandinka kingdom of Mali
The Mali Empire was an Islamic Empire of the Mandinka, a Mandé people in West Africa, dating from the 14th to 16th centuries. The empire was founded by the king Sundiata Keita, and was famous for the generosity and wealth of one of his successors, Mansa Kankan Musa I, and for the fabled wealth of the city of Timbuktu.
1 Sundiata
2 Sundiata's successors
3 Height of glory
4 Decline and fall
5 Partial list of mansas of the Mali Empire
6 External links
Sundiata
The Malinke Kingdom of Mali had already existed for several centuries as a small state just to the South of the Ghana Empire. After the Ghana Empire had been weakened by the Almoravides, the Sosso Kingdom filled the power vacuum, and conquered many surrounding peoples, including the Mandinka, in the late 12th century.
When the Mandinka were conquered, the Sosso king, Sumanguru Kante, executed his brother, the Mandinka king, and eleven of his twelve sons. Sumanguru spared the twelfth son, Sundiata Keita, because he either took pity on the boy's fragile health, or thought it likely he would die anyway. Sundiata eventually overcame his physical obstacles, and grew into a strong young man. He led a Mandinka revolt against Sosso rule, and his forces routed Sumanguru at the Battle of Kirina (c. 1240 AD). Sundiata converted to Islam as gesture of goodwill to Islamic traders, after the defeat of Sumanguru. The Epic of Sundiata is part of the oral tradition of the Mandinka and is still told today.
Following this victory, Sundiata expanded his Empire to include most of the important parts of West Africa, including the towns of Walata, Tadmekka, and Gao at the southern end of the desert trade routes. The Mali Empire was made up of 3 allied states and 12 tributaries. The three states were Mali (which held the capital of the Empire, Niani), Mema, and Wagadou, the former Ghana Empire. The 12 tributaries were referred to as the 12 doors of Mali to which only the Mansa (emperor) holds the key. They were Djebeda, Tabon, Negueboria, Kankigne, Togom, Sili, Krina, Koulikoro, Diaghan, Kita, Ka-ba, and Do.
Sundiata's successors
Sundiata's son, Mansa Wali Keita, succeeded him to the throne following his death (c. 1255). Mansa Wali Keita undertook the Hajj, expanded the empire's borders and significantly increased agricultural production, but his brothers Ouati Keita (r. 1270 - 1274) and Khalifa Keita (r. 1274 - 1275) were weak kings and accomplished little. They were followed by Sundiata's grandson Abu Bakr and former slave turned general SakuraSabakura
Height of glory
Sundiata's grandnephew, Mansa Kankan Musa I or Musa I, ruled over the Mali Empire while it was the source of almost half the world's gold. Musa was a devoted Muslim and Islamic scholarship flourished under his rule. With Musa as a benefactor, Sankore University in Timbuktu reached its height. Craftsmen and Islamic scholars came from all over the Muslim world to receive a free education at Sankore's guilds and madrasas. Musa is most famous for his hajj in 1324. On his pilgrimage to Mecca, Musa gave gold away generously. When he passed through Cairo, he gave out so much gold that the value of the commodity didn't recover for at least 12 years. Musa was so generous that he ran out of money and had to take out a loan to be able to afford the journey home. Musa's hajj, and especially his gold, caught the attention of both the Islamic and Christian worlds. Consequently, the name of Mali and Timbuktu appeared on 14th century world maps.
The famous Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta visited the Mali Empire in the years 1352 and 1353, and his detailed account is an important first-hand written description of this empire.
Decline and fall
Not long after Musa's reign, the Empire of Mali went into decline. A civil war followed the 1360 death of Musa's brother Suleyman and the nine-month reign of his son Kassa. Musa's grandson, Mari Diata II, is remembered by Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun as a debauched, unpopular tyrant, and even the administrative skills of his son Musa II failed to halt the decline.
The Mossi of present-day Burkina Faso began to make inroads into Malian territory in the south, while the Tuaregs advanced from the Sahara to the north. With an increasing lack of central control, a number of vassal states declared their independence, most notably the Songhai of Gao. This new state rapidly expanded into an empire starting around 1460, claiming much of the territory of the crumbling Mali Empire and marking its effective end.
Mali continued to exist and exert some control over its heartland into the latter half of the 16th century. They asked the Portuguese for military assistance in hope of saving their empire but to no avail. The city of Niani finally fell to Songhai forces in 1546.
[edit]
Partial list of mansas of the Mali Empire
Sundiata Keita (1240-1255)
Wali Keita (1255-1270)
Ouati Keita (1270-1274)
Khalifa Keita (1274-1275)
Abu Bakr (1275-1285).He was so weak that one of his slaves took power from him.
Sakura Sabakura(a slave of the household took power and became a very successiful king)from(1285-1300)
Gao (1300-1305)
Mohammed ibn Gao (1305-1310)
Abubakari II the direct desendant of the keitas was restured to power from(1310-1312)
Kankan Musa I (1312-1337)
Maghan (1337-1341)
Suleyman (1341-1360)
Kassa (1360)
Mari Diata II (1360-1374)
Musa II (1374-1387)
Magha II (1387-1389)
Sandaki (1389-1390)
Mahmud (1390-1400)
Then the Trawallehs, nephews of the keitas took over in (1400-1541)
THANK YOU
Mankajang Janyanfara |
Edited by - Janyanfara on 26 Mar 2006 23:43:13 |
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