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T O P I C R E V I E W |
Momodou |
Posted - 17 Jun 2021 : 21:53:22 GAMBIA-L Digest 3
Topics covered in this issue include:
1) Re: Why the Confederation failed by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 2) Re: Why the Confederation failed by MANSALA@aol.com 3) Re: Why the Confederation failed by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> 4) Any info on Farrakhan in Gambia? by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> 5) Farrakhan for U.S. of Africa by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> 6) gambia (fwd) by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> 7) Telephone lines in The Gambia by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> 8) Re: Telephone lines in The Gambia by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> 9) gambia (fwd) by <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US> 10) Re: Telephone lines in The Gambia by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 11) Re: gambia (fwd) by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 12) Re: gambia (fwd) by binta@iuj.ac.jp 13) Information on Gambia (fwd) by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> 14) by ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> 15) Re: Any info on Farrakhan in Gambia? by momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara) 16) Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE by <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US> 17) Disturbing signs by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> 18) AFRICA / CHINA / TAIWAN By WILLIAM EAGLE/WASHINGTON by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> 19) Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE by onjie@gemini.nlu.edu 20) Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 21) Senegambian integration by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 22) Re: Senegambian integration by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> 23) Re: Senegambian integration by Gabriel Ndow <gndow@auc.edu> 24) Halifa Sallah's letter by momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara) 25) Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE by binta@iuj.ac.jp 26) The "Transition" by Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> 27) Re: The "Transition" by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> 28) Gambia rulers pocketed loan cash -ex-president (fwd) by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> 29) Re: The "Transition" by "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> 30) Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE by binta@iuj.ac.jp 31) Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE by L Konteh <L.Konteh-95@student.lut.ac.uk> 32) Gambia to start voter registration on April 1 (fwd) by "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu>
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Date: Sun, 11 Feb 1996 13:59:28 -0500 (EST) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Why the Confederation failed Message-ID: <199602111859.NAA29450@forest2.ffr.mtu.edu>
I am glad the discussion is getting closer to home now. I think some valid points have already been made on the Senegambia problem which certainly is not very different from the greater African issue. Personally I find myself in Lamin's camp. For any union to last both parties had to benefit from it. To me that Senegal had everything to gain and thats why they asked for it. They opted out when they saw that they are losing. I think this sums it all. The Conferation was meant to benefit all. If one sees that such benefits are threaten they should have the right to opt out. Jawara wrongly went into confederation in the first place but his refusal to take it to referandum should have been a red flag to pro-ferderalist in Senegal.
Coming to the economics, what had the Gambia got to gain from the conferation? Economic integration was not by their definition any integration. The Gambia had no such economy that could be integratted with Senegal's. All the union called for was the Gambia to stop importing from China or Europe and import from Dakar instead. It may sound too extreme but that was the reality. Senegal could not lower their tariffs for they have spent too much money on their industries even though they could not compete globally. The Gambia under a confederal Senegambia would be little different from now given that we do not have any industy or money to establish one. Which means that nder any Senegambia plans existing facilities had to be improved before any new ones can be built. That would mean that instead of settlements mushrooming in Bakoteh and kerr Sering we will be flooding Dakar instead. Giving the poor literacy and manpower status of Gambians, they would naturally find second place in an integrated economy. Ofcourse I am assuming that there was full political integration without another Senegalo-cassamnace relation which is very difficult to attain. On the other hand I think our these tiny economies can do well given the direction and support. Many will agree with me that the average citizen in the Gambia or Africa work as hard as one from a developed country. The major difference is the management of what is produced. The only thing most of our governments tend to succeed in is showing us how to be greedy, reckless with common wealth and ofcourse power hungry. People are sent to school to learn about allegiance and common good ( both being central to national anthems) just to come out of school and see people irresposibly behaving and getting away with it. I think thats what is wrong and not the size of the economies.
n llegiancedemocracy but to shown by their leaders it is the power majority of our citizen are working as hard as but ou
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Date: Sun, 11 Feb 1996 14:45:31 -0500 From: MANSALA@aol.com To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Why the Confederation failed Message-ID: <960211144531_219470882@mail06.mail.aol.com>
Hi Fellows, Allow me a little space to say what I think made the confederation to fail miserably. First of all, Jarawa had no business putting the Gambia under such a system. He was in deep waters and wanted help and the only availabe alternative was to form a conferation. Secondly, I concore with one of the members that the only benefactor from such a union was clearly Senegal. In my opinion, Gambia had a better system. The country was headed by ill-responsible leaders for the past thiry years. I do not think that the Gambia was going to prosper if those cronnies were still in power. (I am not an anti ppp, Just an opinion). Gambia can be easily managed even without natural resourses which every Gambian know. Our economy is so meager that even a layman can manage it. It was unfornate that the so-called elite groups in Gambia were hoading the little we were given by foriegn countries to help our selves. Honestly speaking, the more I talk about the Gambia, more I tend to get into coma. But no matter what, It is our country and we have to give each other ideas on how it can be fully developed so that EVERY Gambian can benefit from it.
Mansala.
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 08:49:08 -0400 (EDT) From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Why the Confederation failed Message-ID: <01I14BJ63SEA8WW2XV@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
I concur with Lamin entirely. I don't believe I justified the Senegalese insistence that The Gambia shoulder the burdens of economic restructuring as a part of the integration scheme. And regardless of the benefits of a Senegambian state, the Jawara regime signed agreements with the Senegalese in 1981 without a cool, clear-headed understanding of what they were getting into and without popular consultation. These reasons alone were signals of impending doom for the Confederation.
While discussing Confederation, etc. I suggest that we should not relegate the very important "transition" process in The Gambia to the back burner. Let's say more about that... Peace!
Amadou.
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 09:44:45 -0400 (EDT) From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Any info on Farrakhan in Gambia? Message-ID: <01I14DPQMXOY8WW480@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
PANA reported that Farrakhan visited the Gambia, Ghana, Senegal, Sudan, Libya and South Africa with a 40-member delegation. Any info. on his trip to the Gambia?
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 09:49:48 -0400 (EDT) From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Farrakhan for U.S. of Africa Message-ID: <01I14DXVY4VC8WW480@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
From: IN%"100563.3237@compuserve.com" "Rene LAKE" 11-FEB-1996 23:22:45.36 To: IN%"74404.174@compuserve.com" "AAI", IN%"fayesall@endadak.gn.apc.org" "SALL El Hadji Amadou", IN%"MOAugust@packet.net" "Mark August", IN%"Damebaft@aol.com" "Dame BABOU", IN%"BAHM@cofc.edu" "Alpha Bah", IN%"100042.3641@compuserve.com" "CHARLES BEA CC: Subj: Farrakhan For United States of Africa
Return-path: <100563.3237@compuserve.com> Received: from dub-img-2.compuserve.com by pstcc.cc.tn.us (PMDF V5.0-3 #11457) id <01I13S2J8OB48WW19F@pstcc.cc.tn.us> for ajanneh@pstcc.cc.tn.us; Sun, 11 Feb 1996 23:22:36 -0400 (EDT) Received: by dub-img-2.compuserve.com (8.6.10/5.950515) id XAA13190; Sun, 11 Feb 1996 23:18:38 -0500 Date: Sun, 11 Feb 1996 23:16:49 -0500 (EST) From: Rene LAKE <100563.3237@compuserve.com> Subject: Farrakhan For United States of Africa To: AAI <74404.174@compuserve.com>, SALL El Hadji Amadou <fayesall@endadak.gn.apc.org>, Mark August <MOAugust@packet.net>, Dame BABOU <Damebaft@aol.com>, Alpha Bah <BAHM@cofc.edu>, CHARLES BEATTY <100042.3641@compuserve.com>, Mark BRANNAN <72123.551@compuserve.com>, Dave Alan Brazelton <76125.701@compuserve.com>, CINDY BROWN <73061.3073@compuserve.com>, Kevin Brown <73502.2004@compuserve.com>, "\"W. J. Campbell\"" <wjc@email.unc.edu>, cassandra <100520.2467@compuserve.com>, Lamin Drammeh <Lamin.Drammeh@bio.uib.no>, Walter Eadelman <weadel99@uther.calvin.edu>, DON EDWARDS <donedwards@igc.apc.org>, Kenyatta's father <CERIKENGI@aol.com>, HERB FRAZIER <frazierh@aol.com>, Marcos Freire <freire@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu>, HOWARD FRENCH <73370.2603@compuserve.com>, Michael A Gaitor <74747.3412@compuserve.com>, Sousa JAMBA <100430.2304@compuserve.com>, Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us>, Jean-Marie KABANDA <jkabanda@email.usps.gov>, Daniel Kalitsi <70353.3156@compuserve.com>, KENYATTA <kgjazz@aol.com>, FRANCIS KPATINDE <100523.3520@compuserve.com>, ALVIN LEWIS <70642.626@compuserve.com>, Peter Limb <plimb@library.uwa.edu.au>, Saphie LY <amarcho@web.apc.org>, Soloman Manyere <Soloman.Manyere@kj.uib.no>, Mina Mauerstein-Bail <Mina.Mauerstein-Bail@undp.org>, Vanetta Mills <75753.1565@compuserve.com>, Mamadou NIANE <niane@vms.ccit.arizona.edu>, Noticias <yussuf@adam.uem.mz>, MACEO POWELL <abpowell@andromeda.rutgers.edu>, Elizabeth REID <ereid@undp.org>, "Sharlene V. Roberson" <74451.131@compuserve.com>, Jean-Louis SANKALE <jsankale@hsph.harvard.edu>, Magueye SECK <mseck@curry.edu>, Sherry <76574.3433@compuserve.com>, Carolyn Somerville <csomervl@andromeda.rutgers.edu>, "S. COOKS H. THOMAS-LAKE" <73304.751@compuserve.com>, Cesar Augusto Tique <tique@students.uiuc.edu>, paula triplett <76554.2050@compuserve.com>, Mike TURNER <jturner@shiva.hunter.cuny.edu>, Joel Vignon <jvignon@hubcap.clemson.edu>, Pande WAPENYI <75353.1235@compuserve.com>, "Melvin Watt (D.N.C.)" <Melmail@hr.house.gov>, Adolphe Zeze <azeze@waite.adelaide.edu.au>, Hassan ZIADY <100730.105@compuserve.com> Message-id: <960212041649_100563.3237_GHW38-8@CompuServe.COM> Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Date: Thu, 08 Feb 1996 16:33:00 EST
Africa-Farrakhan
Farrakhan For United States of Africa
>From Paul Ejime PANA Staff Correspondent LAGOS, Nigeria (PANA) - African American muslim leader Louis Farrakhan proposed here Wednesday the creation of a ++United States of Africa++ to halt the wastage of the continent's abundant human and natural resources. Giving a public lecture in Lagos, he said ++Africa is suffering from bad leadership and disunity++ under oppressive neo-colonialist forces. Punctuating his lecture, on the ++Role of African Americans in African Development,++ with quotations from the bible and the koran, Farrakhan described ++ignorance as the blackman's greatest enemy.++ ++Africans have European knowledge, but no guidance,++ he said. He conceded his proposed United States of Africa would not be easy, with a multiplicity of tribes, but ++this is achievable with determination,++ he added. ++You cannot achieve anything by putting tribe or religion above nation,++ he said, stressing that a United States of Africa, stretching from ++Cape to Cairo,++ held the key to African survival. He said that although civilisation started in Africa, one adverse effect of more than 400 years of slavery is that many Africans lack self-confidence. African virtues have been thrown overboard in preference for european knowledge and values, while ++the blackman has his heart with the slave master, behaving and thinking like him,++ Farrakhan added. He urged Africans to unite and rise above ++white supremacy,++ which he described as ++unacceptable in the new world order.++ According to him, the only solution is unity and effective networking between Africans at home and those in the diaspora. ++Africa is today indebted to the robbers of the continent by as much as usd 400 million, while she is being asked to loan money with conditionalities is a new form of slavery that must be rejected.++ On democracy, the controversial leader of the ++Nation of Islam++ in America, said no country should dictate to Africa how to run its affairs. ++I don't care if it is military or dictatorship, but governments must be responsible to their people.++ Referring to the relative young age of many African countries, he said ++we don't count age from confinement, Africans must cut the umbilical cord to their slave masters.++ Farrakhan also has some strong words for African leaders. He said their ++legacy should not be fat accounts in Swiss banks, but their contributions to elevate the nation.++ ++You must listen to your critics, just in case the picture they are painting of you is right, so you can make amends, ++ he added. Turning to his own country, Farrakhan said ++America should not push human rights or democracy from an arrogant position as if everything is alright at home.++ He said ++there are abuses in every country because of injustice which leads to rebellion and revolution.++ The moslem leader, who said he is also a student of the bible said no country should claim perfection or pressurise others to be like it. He said only++ god wants human beings to take on his own image.++ Farrakhan, who described himself as a victim of ++misinformation and disinformation campaigns++ dismissed suggestion that he was a bigot, anti-semite or that hated white people. ++I only speak the truth, because only the truth can set you free,++ he said. Farrakhan, who organised the controversial one-million march of blackmen in December 1995, was in Nigeria as part of a 23-nation African tour.He has so far visited the Gambia, Libya, Senegal, South Africa and Sudan. -0- PANA PE/PBM 8Feb96 ENG008 from SSS.021 (960208-13:33) QN ENGPANA PANATRA ..PANADKR MSG021G/01E
Zimbabwe-Aids
HIV/Aids Major Killers in Bulawayo
BULAWAYO, Zimbabwe (PANA) - The Bulawayo City Council Health Department says HIV and Aids related illnesses are the main cause of death among children and people in the productive age group in Zimbabwe's second city. The city's Deputy Director for Health Services, Dr Rita Dlodlo, said every month the department recorded between 100 and 150 HIV and Aids related deaths among children below two years and the sexually active and economically productive (20-45 years) age group. Dlodlo was presenting a paper at an inter-sectoral workshop on a national code of practice on Aids and employment held in the city on Thursday. She warned that the city's economy would within the next few years suffer as more workers succumbed to the disease, causing a reduction in investment, production levels, product quality, as well as income, savings and social security resources. ++An HIV seropositivity sentinel survey we carried out every two years since 1989 has shown an alarming increase in HIV infection among the working age group in both men and women. ++In 1989, 10 percent of women seeking ante-natal care at council clinics were found to be HIV positive, the figure had trebled to 30 percent by the end of last year,++ said Dlodlo. At a local sexually transmitted infections centre, 59 percent of patients, who were predominantly men, tested HIV positive in 1989 and by the end of last year, the rate had risen to 73 percent. Tuberculosis patients were also surveyed from 1989 to 1993. It was found that HIV infection rose from 56 percent to 59 percent in the four years. -0- PANA IM/TN/NDN/DS 08Feb96
ENG009 from SSS.024 (960208-13:44) QN ENGPANA ..PANADKR MSG024G/01E
Sudan-Parliament
>Parliament Halts Sessions To Prepare For Elections
>From Yahyia El-Hassan PANA Correspondent KHARTOUM, Sudan (PANA) - The Sudanese Transitional National Assembly (parliament) went on recess Thursday to allow members prepare for the election of a new parliament on March 6, the speaker of the house, Mohamed Al-Amin Khalifa announced. Khalifa an army colonel, was quoted Thursday by state radio as saying the assembly went on recess to allow those who were candidates to prepare for the elections, and help to mobilize the masses to exercise their constitutional rights. The speaker said the recess would also allow legislators who would like to go for the minor islamic pilgrimage (Umrat) in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to do so. He explained that the suspension of the sittings did not mean that the assembly which was appointed by Miliraty Ruler, Gen. Umar El-Bashir had been dissolved. It would meet again on the opening sitting of its elected successor as stipulated in the regulations, he added. However, the speaker did not say what would happen to members who were not ++re-elected++ in the March polls. Reports here last week said Khalifa will run for parliament in the Daroushab Constituency of Khartoum-North. He was known to be the second man in the movement that brought Bashir to power in a Coup d'Etat in 1989, and became a member of his ruling Revolution Command Council. He was later named speaker of parliament. Other outstanding figures running for parliament include islamic leader Hassan El Tuirabi, generally regarded as the power behind the Bashir government. The independent Akhbar El Youm (News of the Day) daily said Wednesday Turabi will run for the Manshia constituency in Khartoum. The assembly was appointed by Beshir to work as the legislative arm of the ruling military council set up after the coup which toppled the elected government of prime minister Sadik Al Mahdi and dissolved all political parties. -0- PANA YH/FON 8Feb96 ENG007 from SSS.045 (960208-14:26) QN ENGPANA ..PANADKR MSG045G/01E
Africa-Farrakhan, 1st Lead Writethru [Eds, corrects million in para ten]
Farrakhan For United States of Africa
>From Paul Ejime PANA Staff Correspondent LAGOS, Nigeria (PANA) - African American muslim leader Louis Farrakhan proposed here Wednesday the creation of a ++United States of Africa++ to halt the wastage of the continent's abundant human and natural resources. Giving a public lecture in Lagos, he said ++Africa is suffering from bad leadership and disunity++ under oppressive neo-colonialist forces. Punctuating his lecture, on the ++Role of African Americans in African Development,++ with quotations from the bible and the koran, Farrakhan described ++ignorance as the blackman's greatest enemy.++ ++Africans have European knowledge, but no guidance,++ he said. He conceded his proposed United States of Africa would not be easy, with a multiplicity of tribes, but ++this is achievable with determination,++ he added. ++You cannot achieve anything by putting tribe or religion above nation,++ he said, stressing that a United States of Africa, stretching from ++Cape to Cairo,++ held the key to African survival. He said that although civilisation started in Africa, one adverse effect of more than 400 years of slavery is that many Africans lack self-confidence. African virtues have been thrown overboard in preference for european knowledge and values, while ++the blackman has his heart with the slave master, behaving and thinking like him,++ Farrakhan added. He urged Africans to unite and rise above ++white supremacy,++ which he described as ++unacceptable in the new world order.++ According to him, the only solution is unity and effective networking between Africans at home and those in the diaspora. ++Africa is today indebted to the robbers of the continent by as much as 400 billion dollars, while she is being asked to loan money with conditionalities is a new form of slavery that must be rejected.++ On democracy, the controversial leader of the ++Nation of Islam++ in America, said no country should dictate to Africa how to run its affairs. ++I don't care if it is military or dictatorship, but governments must be responsible to their people.++ Referring to the relative young age of many African countries, he said ++we don't count age from confinement, Africans must cut the umbilical cord to their slave masters.++ Farrakhan also has some strong words for African leaders. He said their ++legacy should not be fat accounts in Swiss banks, but their contributions to elevate the nation.++ ++You must listen to your critics, just in case the picture they are painting of you is right, so you can make amends, ++ he added. Turning to his own country, Farrakhan said ++America should not push human rights or democracy from an arrogant position as if everything is alright at home.++ He said ++there are abuses in every country because of injustice which leads to rebellion and revolution.++ The moslem leader, who said he is also a student of the bible said no country should claim perfection or pressurise others to be like it. He said only++ god wants human beings to take on his own image.++ Farrakhan, who described himself as a victim of ++misinformation and disinformation campaigns++ dismissed suggestion that he was a bigot, anti-semite or that hated white people. ++I only speak the truth, because only the truth can set you free,++ he said. Farrakhan, who organised the controversial one-million march of blackmen in December 1995, was in Nigeria as part of a 23-nation African tour.He has so far visited the Gambia, Libya, Senegal, South Africa and Sudan. -0- PANA PE/PBM 8Feb96 ENG012 from SSS.047 (960208-14:39) QN ENGPANA ..PANADKR MSG047G/01E
Sudan-Politics
Sudan's Opposition Seeks International Backing
>From George Ola Davies PANA Staff Correspondent PARIS (PANA) - Sudan's National Democratic Alliance which groups all the opposition forces to the Khartoum regime, Thursday described next month's general and presidential elections as a bad joke. The alliance is boycotting the polls which its spokesman, Mansour Khaled, said were being held under a constitution that denied all basic rights. ++The government has banned political parties, trade unions and denies the freedom of the press,++ he said in Paris. A one-time foreign minister under President Jafaar Neimeri, Khaled is in France to brief government officials about the alliance's ideals which hinge on democracy and the rule of law. He has visited Washington, Brussels and London. He expressed satisfaction at the response he got from French foreign ministry officials. Paris, he added, was no longer helping the Khartoum regime. Sudan, he said, was using the elections as a cosmetic means to improve its already tarnished image in the eyes of the international community. ++It is too late for any chance of heart and the international community should continue its isolation of Khartoum,++ he said. The alliance, he added, was ++a credible alternative to Gen. Al Bashir's dictatorial regime whose smeared human rights record has not been any secret.++ The alliance, he said, intended to return to all ethnic structures which he said where erroneously destroyed by the Neimeri regime without providing any alternatives. Such structures are not permissible under the present regime which governs by the Sharia law. While paying homage to countries which voted January's United Nations resolutioin 1044 condemning Sudan's support for international terrorism, Khalid called for international sanctions against the regime. ++An oil embargo will see the regime crushing within four months,++ he said. The fall of the Khartoum government, he added, will be the beginning of the end of islamic fundametalism and international terrorism. Khaled equated Bashir's regime with that of Somalian Siad Barre in his last days in power. The late Barre, he said, was seen just as the mayor of Mogadisiu who lacked control over the rest of the country. The alliance's boycott of the forthcoming polls is being backed by its determination to intensify the armed struggle against the Khartoum regime. ++We will furnish all forms of aid to Sudan's People's Liberation Front,++ of Col. John Garang, ++so that it could continue its victorious move.++ The March elections will be the first in Sudan since 1989. The new parliament will be made up of 400 members of which 275 will be voted for. The remaining one-third were nominated by the government in January. -0- PANA GOD/OSS 8Feb96 ENG016 from SSS.058 (960208-16:12) QN ENGPANA ..PANADKR MSG058G/01E
Zimbabwe-Peanuts
Shortage of Groundnuts In Zimbabwe
BULAWAYO, Zimbabwe (PANA) - Zimbabwe is experiencing a shortage of peanut butter after drought severely cut output for groundnuts in the 1994/95 agricultural season. A survey conducted by ZIANA on Thursday revealed that major supermarkets had limited supplies of peanut butter while some outlets did not have the commodity at all, while others had only restricted ranges of the commodity. Cairns Holdings, one of Zimbabwe's major peanut butter manufacturers, confirmed the firm was operating below full production capacity because of a shortage of groundnuts. ++We have actually failed to fulfil some orders because of the shortage,++ said Tom Mswaka, the company's director in charge of Group Services. He said the company was liaising with the ministry of agriculture to ascertain the availability of groundnuts while inquiring about possible supplies from foreign companies. ++We would want between 900 tonnes and 1,500 tonnes of shelled groundnuts annually on current market expectations. We want a certain quality of the groundnuts and we are really concerned about the shortage,++ Mswaka said. Zimbabwean farmers produced 4,000 tonnes of shelled groundnuts in the 1994/95 season. Normally, between 7,000 and 8,000 tonnes of groundnuts are needed to satisfy both the domestic and external markets. The drought had generally reduced availability of most agricultural raw materials for the group which manufactures a wide range of foods. Cairns was forced to close its peanut butter manufacturing plant for four months in 1993 after a serious drought hit Zimbabwe. -0- PANA ZIANA AB/TN/STC/FON 8Feb96 ENG017 from SSS.068 (960208-16:20) QN ENGPANA ..PANADKR MSG068G/01E
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 12:36:58 -0500 (EST) From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: gambia (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960212123420.7742D-100000@merhaba.cc.columbia.edu>
Hi Fellows, I just received this mail. I think this is a good thing; foreign investment and all that. So I would be much appreciative if any of you can send me or the guy some contacts of people who can help him set up his business. Thanks, -Abdou. Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 17:56:16 -0600 From: eric lapaille <eric@netline.be> To: at137@columbia.edu Subject: gambia
Hi, Salam Alikoum,
I'm manager of an Internet company in Belgium, Europe. I'm planning to begin a new life in Gambia and to create my own job there. Do you have friends or family in Gambia who can help me to do something in the computer and network business ? Any advice would be welcome
Abaraka eric@netline.be
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 09:42:22 -0800 (PST) From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Telephone lines in The Gambia Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.91l.960212093552.8990A-100000@saul6.u.washington.edu>
Hi Everyone,
Has anybody attempted to make a telephone call to The Gambia during this weekend. I have been trying since Friday the 9th and up to early this Monday morning the 12th, I could not get through. I just got a message indicating that one cannot get through to that country. Has anybody experienced that over the weekend or know what is going on ? Thanks Tony
========================================================================
Anthony W Loum tloum@u.washington.edu Supervisor, Business Administration Library 206-543-4360 voice 100 Balmer Hall 206-685-9392 fax University of Washington Box 353200 Seattle, Wa.98195-3200 =========================================================================
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 12:57:13 -0500 (EST) From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: Telephone lines in The Gambia Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960212125426.7742E-100000@merhaba.cc.columbia.edu>
Hi Tony, My mum (who is visiting) has been able to talk to The Gambia on Sunday. Your problem could be with your carrier. I think some carriers are experiencing problems with Gamtel; i.e fraud calls. -Abdou.
******************************************************************************* A. TOURAY. (718)904-0215. MY URL ON THE WWW= http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~at137
A FINITE IN A LAND OF INFINITY. SEEKING BUT THE REACHABLE. I WANDER AND I WONDER. ALL RESPITE IS FINAL. *******************************************************************************
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 96 12:28:13 CST From: <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US> To: GAMBIA-L@U.WASHINGTON.EDU Subject: gambia (fwd) Message-ID: <9602121828.AA01723@mx4.u.washington.edu>
GAMBIA-L:
I WOULD NOT ENCOURAGE ANY INVESTMENTS IN THE GAMBIA UNTIL THE MILITARY boys HAVE FULLY COMPLIED WITH THEIR OWN TRANSITION SCHEDULE.
MORRO.
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 14:26:31 -0500 (EST) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Telephone lines in The Gambia Message-ID: <199602121926.OAA02469@forest2.ffr.mtu.edu>
Tony, I have had similar problems over the weekend. I haven't succeeded in getting through.
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 14:32:58 -0500 (EST) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: gambia (fwd) Message-ID: <199602121933.OAA02490@forest2.ffr.mtu.edu>
I share similar views with Morro. Every effort should be made to see that they return to barracks. Secondly communication business is one that may be subjected to censorship and suspision one they establish that anyone can access to the outside world. In any case the investor is free to chose what he wants.
My best wishes to him.
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 05:33:58 From: binta@iuj.ac.jp To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: gambia (fwd) Message-ID: <199602122029.FAA05837@mlsv.iuj.ac.jp>
Hi Abdou,
Foreign investment in the Gambia from anywhere is welcome provided it is going to benefit the common people as well. As you may know, I come from the trade and industry ministry which is active in seeking investment in the country. Nevertheless, there are times when some so-called investors use such opportunities to enrich themselves to the detriment of the people, especially given our porous bureaucratic system. All that said and done, we cannot sanction our own people by following the West--which action I have always viewed as counter- productive and unwise-- for in the end it is not the military that suffers but our own innocent brethren.
I know of one young computer company in the Gambia called `Quantum'. It is owned and operated by some ambitious young Gambians and they may show some interest. The late Koro Cessay(of blessed memory) was one the managers of the company. Maybe, this fellow in Belgium can talk with them. He may also contact the Ministry of Trade and Industry now located on Independence Drive (tel. 226886).
By the way, the former NIB later named National Investment Promotion Authority has been merged with the Trade and Industry.
Yes, in agreement with Amadou I think we should redivert our focus and discussion toward the burning issue of our transition. Do any of us think that the military will hand over to a civilian govt. in July '97? And why? Will we follow in the foot steps of Sierra Leone?
Bye!
Lamin Drammeh.
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Date: Tue, 13 Feb 1996 12:01:53 -0500 (EST) From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Information on Gambia (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960213120017.18334A-100000@konichiwa.cc.columbia.edu>
Dear Katim, Can you please send me the intro info you have on The Gambia. I seem to have become a clearinghouse for the country (mainly because of my homepage, I think). Thanks, -Abdou.---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Tue, 13 Feb 96 10:29:55 0100 From: Verstraten <mail361@rsftew.luc.ac.be> To: at137@columbia.edu Subject: Information on Gambia
Dear fellow student,
I'm studying applied economic sciences at a Belgian University in Diepenbeek. Because I just finished exams, I will go to Gambia. It is rather difficult to find GOOD information concerning this country. If it is not too much asked, could you please tell me more ? - Current exchange rate, living standards, prices, how to behave (very important, because I am a globie, not a tourist),wildlife, precautions,...and lots more . I can not thank you enough for your help, Sincerely, Verstraten Patrick Belgium.
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Date: Tue, 13 Feb 1996 14:26:06 -0500 (EST) From: ABDOU <at137@columbia.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Message-ID: <Pine.HPP.3.90.960213140109.4614A-100000@muddhp19.cc.columbia.edu>
Hi Fellows, I am writing in regards to the issues of transition and foreign investments. With regards to the transition, it is very unlikely that the army would willingly giveup power and return to the barracks. I say army and not Yaya Jammeh because Yaya Jammeh is but a symptom of a Gambian disease. Even if he were to step down, what is to prevent a Sergeant from carrying out his own coup. Added to this is the fact that Yaya Jammeh is showing more and more signs that he is here to stay. Among these signs; the withdrawal of the NDI, the delay in the implementation of the "timetable", a continuation of the "ban" on political parties, an increase in repression, and a changes in some cabinet posts. To tell you guys a funny story, I have an uncle who is part of the repressive "investigate" police ( I have forgotten their acronym). Well, these guys are so paranoid that they locked up two of my aunts ( one is a school teacher) because of suspicion that they were "threatening state security". Apparently, my uncle had seen his past own catching up with him for his own thuggish mates were suspicious of him. Repression for the first time is seeping down to uninvolved, apolitical Gambians. People are afraid to talk to .. and the changes go on. I say all this because anybody who is about to hand over power is unlikely to go about repressing his own people. It is also this climate of fear that would eventually tempt Jammeh to stay own; because he has no reason to fear opposition to his plans. In regards to foreign investment I agree that people should abstain from keeping afloat those soldiers. However, be advised that Gambian is now getting money form countries like Iran and Libya. So Yaya and his boys are not in want of money. There is convincing evidence that of the $30 million that Taiwan paid The Gambia to restore relations, 3 million of it found its way into an account in Switzerland owned by Lt. Yaya Jammeh. So ultimately the only function of sanctions would be to spur Gambians into opposing Jammeh. A theory that has yet to succeed in the history of sanctions. Look at Iraq, Libya, North Korea , etc. I know Gambia's economy would not be able to withstand much stress, but Gambians are also not reknown for their anti-authoritarian attitudes. I know this has been too long but you must excuse me for I get easily animated talking about The Gambia. ******************************************************************************* A. TOURAY. (718)904-0215. MY URL ON THE WWW= http://www.cc.columbia.edu/~at137
A FINITE IN A LAND OF INFINITY. SEEKING BUT THE REACHABLE. I WANDER AND I WONDER. ALL RESPITE IS FINAL. *******************************************************************************
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Date: 14 Feb 1996 09:44:36 GMT From: momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Any info on Farrakhan in Gambia? Message-ID: <2787962846.30916806@inform-bbs.dk>
Dear Amadou. The following article is from "The Point" newspaper of January 29, 1996. Mr. Farakhan visited The Gambia after his trip to South Africa.
By Jai Marong. The renowned Black American Muslim preacher, Mr Louise Farakhan, has vehemently argued that we must take our bowls from the kitchens of Europe. "The AFPRC Government wants you to feed yourselves, clothe yourselves and shelter yourselves; as long as you let somebody else feed you, you will always be their slave" added Mr. Farakhan. Mr. Farakhan, made these remarks in a live message broadcast over Gambia TV. Eleborating on the theme of self suffecincy and independence, he pointed out that since nothing is wrong with our hands and land, we could rely more on our own products to feed us. "The surplus of this food could be sold to others" said Mr. Farakhan. He further noted that the reason the Japanese are respected all over the world was because Japan is a leading country in economic development. Turning his attention to Africa, he strongly asserted that Africa could be the supper power of the 21st century if our recurces are pooled altogether. "If Africa ever comes up to be the greatest continent it was destined to be, all our people everywhere will be honoured and respected." Expressing his opinion on the verious tribes in the Gambia, he described it "as wonderful to be a member of a tribe. He went on to quote a Sura in the Holy Quran in which Allah says "We created you into tribes and families so that you may know each other." We cannot be successful without Allah, continued Mr. Farakhan, there is no way that we can do what He demands of us if we do not submit entirely to His will-quoting a Sura in the Quran in which Allah says "Me and Me alone should you woship." Attributing the problems of the world to lack of Justice, he further described Justice as the wepon that Allah will use on the Day of Judgement. "It is also the principle of fair deal as long as we have suffered under colonialism and slavery." He potrayed the AFPRC Government as government that is seemingly concerned with the principle of Justice and as long as Justice is present; freedom is enjoyed. "If you have freedom and Justice in line, the next thing is equality concluded Mr. farakhan.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mr. Halifa Sallah has written a nine-page open letter to the Head of State Chairman of the AFPRC, and a copy to all council members where he urged them to "simply transform AFPRC into a party and tell the people that if they are happy with its work so far they should vote for it to continue"; since The AFPRC has a programme and platform. The "No election" agenda, Mr Sallah said, "is not likely to win the AFPRC international credibility." -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Head of state Captain Yahya Jammeh has told British Channel 4 TV in an interview on 31st january at State House that there will definately be general and presidential elections `by July 1996'. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- OffRoad 1.9n registered to Momodou Camara
************************************** Sent via Inform-BBS -Denmark's leading alternative network Information: info@inform-bbs.dk **************************************
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 96 09:54:18 CST From: <JDG.L.LANGE.LWCLK@CO.HENNEPIN.MN.US> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE Message-ID: <9602141554.AA00398@mx4.u.washington.edu>
Gambia-l:
Momodou Camara's mail, does revail a disturbing pattern of collusion & collaboration between Hallifa Sallah and the AFPRC. I wonder if the Gambia-L member in The Gambia could provide us with the full text of Sallah's open-letter by Thursday, February 15, 1996? I do not support any sort of AFRPC participation in the elections, but I'll reserve my comments until I have had a chance to see the full text of the letter. Once received, I do feel that all of us should make an effort to respond in the press both in The Gambia and abroad. Our long silence is finally over.
Morro.
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 12:02:52 -0400 (EDT) From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Disturbing signs Message-ID: <01I17AL3MNAA8WYAN8@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
Fellows: Perhaps I am looking at events from a tainted perspective or we are slowly seeping into major national crises. (1) Peruse the political appointments and civil service personnel changes made by the AFPRC and tell me what you see... And what about the businesses/individuals who are now getting government contracts.
Are policy decisions being made on the basis of irrelevant criteria? What kind of impact would this have on the viability of the nation's political dispensation?
(2) There seems to be a new emphasis on ethnic groups and tribes in the conduct of public affairs. This could prove to be very divisive; worst, it could spell turmoil for our multi-ethnic, ministate. I received a newsletter from the Gambia Embassy in Washington, DC, just yesterday. The newsletter is titled in Pulaar (Fulani), which is perfectly o.k. But then there is a statement describing the Fula as one of the major ethnic groups in the Gambia; and that they are known for their truthfulness and straightforwardness. In addition, two full pages are devoted to the history of the Jola. I won't see any problems with these under normal circumstances. But they are clear symptoms of the AFPRC's conscious efforts to divide the country along ethnic lines to maintain its grip on power. Please tell me I am wrong; and that I am reading too much into what the AFPRC is doing? Otherwise... Oh! No! I can't say!
Amadou.
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 12:08:11 -0400 (EDT) From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: AFRICA / CHINA / TAIWAN By WILLIAM EAGLE/WASHINGTON Message-ID: <01I17BDHMT1E8WXQPU@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
DATE=2/14/96 TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT NUMBER=5-32448 TITLE=AFRICA / CHINA / TAIWAN BYLINE=WILLIAM EAGLE DATELINE=WASHINGTON CONTENT= VOICED AT:
INTRO: CHINA'S LONGTIME RELATIONSHIPA WITH COUNTRIES IN AFRICA ARE BEING CHALLENGED INCREASINGLY BY TAIWAN. WILLIAM EAGLE REPORTS FROM WASHINGTON.
TEXT: LAST MONTH, SENEGAL JOINED NINE OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN RECOGNIZING WHAT CHINA CALLS A RENEGADE PROVINCE. GAMBIA SHIFTED ITS LOYALTIES FROM CHINA TO TAIWAN EARLIER AND IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN AWARDED UP TO 35 MILLION DOLLARS BY THE TAIWAN GOVERNMENT. TAIWAN ALSO IS REPORTED TO HAVE BEEN HELPING NIGER BY PAY THAT COUNTRY'S CIVIL SERVANTS.
SENEGAL'S MINISTER OF COMMUNICATIONS, SERIGNE DIOP, SAYS THERE WAS NO DEAL.
// DIOP ACT IN FRENCH W/ ENGLISH TRANSLATION //
FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS WERE NOT THE BASIS OF SENEGAL'S DECISION. SENEGAL HAS MAINTAINED A CONSTANT PRINCIPLE FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS NOW -- TO HELP BRING TOGETHER PEOPLE AND CONSOLIDATE PEACE IN THE WORLD. NOW, IF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH TAIWAN BRING FINANCIAL, COMMERCIAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS AS WELL -- THE GOVERNMENT OF SENEGAL WELCOMES IT.
// END ACT //
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA RESPONDED BY CLOSING ITS EMBASSY IN DAKAR.
// OPT // ALTHOUGH TAIWAN IS MAKING GAINS IN AFRICA CHINA IS PURSUING A CHOCOLATE-PRODUCING JOINT VENTURE IN THE WORLD'S LARGEST COCOA PRODUCER, IVORY COAST. AND IT IS SIGNING CONTRACTS TO OPEN MARKETS IN ZAIRE'S TRANSPORTATION AND MINING SECTORS. // END OPT //
THE BIGGEST PRIZE IN THE COMPETITION IS SOUTH AFRICA. IN 1976, THE APARTHEID GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED TIES WITH TAIWAN. BUT MANY IN THE COUNTRY'S NEW MULTI-RACIAL GOVERNMENT HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT THAT POLICY.
WILLIE BREITENBACH IS A PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AT STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY IN CAPE TOWN. HE RECOMMENDS DUAL RECOGNITION.
// BREITENBACH ACT //
THERE WERE TWO GERMANIES, TWO KOREAS, AND TWO VIETNAMS. THERE'S ALSO TWO CHINAS. [THE OTHER STATES] ENJOYED DUAL RECOGNITION. THE ANALOGY IS THERE.
// END ACT //
PROFESSOR BREITENBACH SAYS NELSON MANDELA'S POLITICAL CLOUT COULD BE USED TO FORCE THE MAINLAND TO ACCEPT DUAL RECOGNITION.
// OPT BREITENBACH ACT //
NELSON MANDELA IS THE FLAVOR OF THE MONTH. HE IS CREATING A NEW PRECEDENT IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, LIKE DEMANDING THE NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT SHOULD RESPECT HUMAN RIGHTS. TAIWAN HAS A GOOD HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD SINCE IT DEMOCRATIZED SEVEN YEARS AGO. MAINLAND CHINA STILL HAS THE BLEMISH OF THE TIANAMIN SQUARE MASSACRE AND SO ON. MANDELA SHOULD TRY TO ENGAGE PEOPLE IN MAINLAND CHINA TO [RECOGNIZE BOTH CHINAS].
// END ACT., END OPT //
TAIWAN HAS ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST TRADING NETWORKS AND HAS ONE OF THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES. SOUTH AFRICAN TRADE WITH TAIWAN IS AMOST FOUR TIMES GREATER THAN WITH THE CHINESE MAINLAND. AND, TAIWAN WANTS TO INVEST IN SOUTH AFRICA'S AMBITIOUS RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.
SOME ACCUSE TAIWAN OF USING ITS WEALTH TO ACHIEVE ITS POLITICAL GAINS. ONE IS SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL ANALYST GREG MILLS:
// MILLS ACT //
PRESIDENT MANDELA ADMITTED A COUPLE OF MONTHS BACK THE TAIWANESE GOVERNMENT DID GIVE THE A-N-C 10 MILLION U-S DOLLARS TO HELP TOWARD THE A-N-C'S ELECTION CAMPAIGN FOR THE APRIL, 1994, ELECTIONS. THIS WAS GREETED WITH OUTRAGE BY THE OPPOSITION -- AS AN EXTENSION OF TAIWAN'S CHECKBOOK DIPLOMACY.
// END ACT //
MR. MILLS, WHO DIRECTS THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS IN JOHANNESBURG, SAYS IT'S TIME TO BREAK TIES WITH TAIWAN -- AND GRANT SOLE RECOGNITION TO MAINLAND CHINA.
// OPT // HE SAYS HONG KONG WILL SOON BE UNIFIED WITH THE MAINLAND AND THEIR COMBINED TRADE IS GREATER THAN TAIWAN'S. SOUTH AFRICA NOW ENJOYS MOST FAVORED TRADING STATUS AND LANDING RIGHTS IN HONG KONG. THOSE TIES WILL HAVE TO BE RENEGOTIATED WHEN CHINA GAINS ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL NEXT YEAR. SHIFTING RECOGNITION TO THE MAINLAND COULD SIMPLIFY THAT PROCESS. // END OPT //
AS TENSIONS GROW BETWEEN TAIWAN AND CHINA, SO DOES THE PRESSURE FOR AFRICAN COUNTRIES TO TAKE SIDES. BUT IN THE DAYS OF BUDGET CUTTING AND ECONOMIC AUSTERITY -- MANY AFRICANS SAY CHOOSING BETWEEN TWO WEALTHY BENEFACTORS IS THE LEAST OF THEIR WORRIES. (SIGNED)
AFR/WE/CF
14-Feb-96 11:55 AM EST (1655 UTC) NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 96 17:19:03 WET From: onjie@gemini.nlu.edu To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE Message-ID: <9602141719.AA12135@ gemini.nlu.edu >
begin 666 .tar.483.Re__THE_boys_WILL_NO_.attach M'YV0:=R0*8/'A1PZ9@`H7,BPH<.'$"-*G$BQ(HB+-FC0``'@(@@;,FQP]`@B MY$B2%V/0R(@Q1@P8-%3:@.FQQ@T:,#I6W,FSI\^?0(,*'4JTJ-&C2),FW</E MH!D87,*XF9.&J9DW;NC0$<.&RU.O<^ZDF3,'!)(R;.R4H9-F3)@=?11P:1-& MSADV,63`D$O7KIR\>YF.></FS4&N3<N0@7I&3IDR;J!RK5,&!ERY<.J2X4(' M3PV]G/&\G!DZQDRHG64`#AV2=.<9>E'CF7$#=&<:(673P`%#=@W84+^*@9H& M:ATVP>?(H.%U#`P0/D`D`7$'ZT`Y(-*8`4$'31D01\*T$9,F3`LF(-J4&5\& M>T`05+R#%T\^#(C!Q\F`@"/GC9TT`X%01UEB=<>=?&8<QP9W!-$!PAO;^3!% M&&RP$08:)Y3U!AR0M<#&6G2T!X(8><"'1AURS$%&&'FP`((198@A1QUUE1A# M#2[&D$,.-OQPT70@D/$&"&Z\X>`<=<`!AV$.2E7B'$P^:`87"O@0A!%20#'$ M?G6Q-48:F;&%579N'/@=6F6,(>94+HI1AX-)G%`A"([-T9Y:Z94X6!OJ9556 M'5FET565TZ$1!IZ&ZF??&(:Z,<9W=`QI)Z0(*L@@'@Y":"8('VK5G@L@4-G" MJ*26:NJIJ*:JZJJLMNKJJ[":2F6<;8!`(91DAEAGB/I%"L*D($Q8X849/LAA MF9WJ"BH(08CQAI!UV"H0"$T8UA^=88SUG5IRE!B0KF7,P98;9^SWQK=E2:4? MK;^B^!V%"VHZ(`B&XFFG'&F\,>]@CK8WE:W.OKDI'7)(1=6:^[67KW[OQ?== M>..5YP*55#[1EP)Q*:7QQAQW[/''((<L\L@DEVSRR2BGK/+*++?L\LLPQRSS AS#37;//-..>L\\X\]^SSST`'+?301!=M]-%()ZWTTA(! ` end
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 13:57:39 -0500 (EST) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE Message-ID: <199602141857.NAA09401@forest2.ffr.mtu.edu>
> > begin 666 .tar.483.Re__THE_boys_WILL_NO_.attach > M'YV0:=R0*8/'A1PZ9@`H7,BPH<.'$"-*G$BQ(HB+-FC0``'@(@@;,FQP]`@B > MY$B2%V/0R(@Q1@P8-%3:@.FQQ@T:,#I6W,FSI\^?0(,*'4JTJ-&C2),FW</E > MH!D87,*XF9.&J9DW;NC0$<.&RU.O<^ZDF3,'!)(R;.R4H9-F3)@=?11P:1-& > MSADV,63`D$O7KIR\>YF.></FS4&N3<N0@7I&3IDR;J!RK5,&!ERY<.J2X4(' > M3PV]G/&\G!DZQDRHG64`#AV2=.<9>E'CF7$#=&<:(673P`%#=@W84+^*@9H& > M:ATVP>?(H.%U#`P0/D`D`7$'ZT`Y(-*8`4$'31D01\*T$9,F3`LF(-J4&5\& > M>T`05+R#%T\^#(C!Q\F`@"/GC9TT`X%01UEB=<>=?&8<QP9W!-$!PAO;^3!% > M&&RP$08:)Y3U!AR0M<#&6G2T!X(8><"'1AURS$%&&'FP`((198@A1QUUE1A# > M#2[&D$,.-OQPT70@D/$&"&Z\X>`<=<`!AV$.2E7B'$P^:`87"O@0A!%20#'$ > M?G6Q-48:F;&%579N'/@=6F6,(>94+HI1AX-)G%`A"([-T9Y:Z94X6!OJ9556 > M'5FET565TZ$1!IZ&ZF??&(:Z,<9W=`QI)Z0(*L@@'@Y":"8('VK5G@L@4-G" > MJ*26:NJIJ*:JZJJLMNKJJ[":2F6<;8!`(91DAEAGB/I%"L*D($Q8X849/LAA > MF9WJ"BH(08CQAI!UV"H0"$T8UA^=88SUG5IRE!B0KF7,P98;9^SWQK=E2:4? > MK;^B^!V%"VHZ(`B&XFFG'&F\,>]@CK8WE:W.OKDI'7)(1=6:^[67KW[OQ?== > M>..5YP*55#[1EP)Q*:7QQAQW[/''((<L\L@DEVSRR2BGK/+*++?L\LLPQRSS > AS#37;//-..>L\\X\]^SSST`'+?301!=M]-%()ZWTTA(! > ` > end > Can somebody help me crank htis out. Perhaps a decoded version would do me god. Thanks
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 14:25:11 -0500 (EST) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-L@u.washington.edu Subject: Senegambian integration Message-ID: <199602141925.OAA09490@forest2.ffr.mtu.edu>
Hi folks I found this in a geographic book on Senegal and the Gambia.
"... The Gambians are the impoverished orphans of an accident of political history- the political obstruction of the river. Their country has for long been unviable as a colonial unit, and it would plainly be so as an independent country, short of some unlikely miracle such as striking oil-...
...Political integration or federation with Senegal would appear self-evidently desirable.... Yet separation has gone for long that the different colonial policies and methods of France and Britain have uneffacebly different political, social and economic imprint unpon the two countries. .. Association, federation and more so complete integration with Senegal would thus be most difficult...."
Harrison Church, 1963
Fears of Chiefs losing power and civil servants in Banjul going unemployed are some of the problems against a Future Senegambia saya Harrison Church.
How revelant are these comments some 33 years after? How can we blame the failure of the confederation to the problems Harrison Church outlined in his final remark?
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 19:09:26 -0400 (EDT) From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Senegambian integration Message-ID: <01I17PXF0CIA8WY90X@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
Fear by the British-oriented Gambian bureaucrat of being swallowed up by the supposedly more sophisticated and French-oriented Senegalese bureaucrat has oft been cited by many observers as one of the major impediments to full integration. I see an element of truth in this thesis.
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 21:46:47 -0500 From: Gabriel Ndow <gndow@auc.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: Senegambian integration Message-ID: <199602150246.VAA21493@auc.edu>
While the truth in this observers statement is self-evident, we must go beyond mere acknowledgement and seek a permanent solution to it.
Many commentators have eloquently spoken about the reasons for why the Sene- gambian state did not become a reality after 'independence', so I will not belabor the issue any further.
Instead let me just make the observation that perhaps one other factor that we could examine further is the fact that both nations received their independence before there was time to develop a revolutionary movement for independence. In my view, the lack of this element in the independence movements of both nations was and continues to be the reason why we have not become bold enough to solve this problem.
What are your opinions folks?
LatJor.
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Date: 15 Feb 1996 12:02:20 GMT From: momodou@inform-bbs.dk (Momodou Camara) To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Halifa Sallah's letter Message-ID: <1010946013.4934929@inform-bbs.dk>
Hi Morro ! Acording to the Point Newspaper of 8 Feb. 1996, Mr. Halifa Sallah's letter was also sent to the press.
The letter which is in two parts, touched on "The Current Concern Of The Nation" as seen by FOROYAA and "The way Foward". The point wrote only a part of the letter which reads thus: "In our view, the transition programme is a national agends. Whether the international community finances it or not, Gambians should adhere to it because it is the best instrument we have to put together. The Civic Education Pannel should activate its promotional and co-ordinating work by drawing all those who wish to carry out civic education into the arena to do so within the framework of the National goals. This will make Gambian society a lively society because of the debate regarding our common destiny. The Independent Electoral Commission needs to draw up a programme of action. All Gambians, here and abroad, should be ready to lobby international organisations and foriegn governments for financial and material support to ensure that it does its work satisfactorily. If we proceed on this path and have a free and fair elections, any feture government would know that it is sacrifice and great expectations which had made it possible for it to be elected and those great expextations must be fulfilled to justify why it should lead. Furthermore, the human rights envirument could be improved by addressing all calls for the release of detainees on a case by case basis. National events as well as other ceremonies could be utilised to withdraw court cases or release detainees who without any zeal to find themselves in the same situation again. decrees authorising detention without trial could be repealed. This would enable the AFPRC to win back territory. The AFPRC declared itself provisional from its very inception. It accused the Jawara regime of corruption and promissed rectification. It accused the Jawara regime of keeping the people ignorant in order to manipulate them and promised civic education. It accused the Jawara regime of not having an Independent Electoral Commission and promised to establish one inorder to guarantee free and fair elections. Now that a transition programme is established, it must be seen to have achieved its aim within the established time frame in order to earn credibility. If it fails to earn credibility, it will be robbed of moral support. In our view, gambia is not Uganda which was torn by civic strife for decades and requiring strong mesures to rule in peace. It is not Sierra Leone which is now torn by war. It is not Libya which moved from a monarchy directly to populist agenda. Gambia has an electoral tradition. Since the 1920s there was struggle for elected representation by people like Edward Francis Small. The call for no taxation without represantation was an economic agenda to put hospital and roads in service of the people. It is the politicians of the later years who reduced democracy to merely casting votes. Those who pioneered the elective principle wanted to lead so that their tax money would be utilised in their interest and to remove them from office if they failed to do so. This is the culture which was not built. This is why votes have not been transfered into better lives. This is the culture which should be built upon now. Any group of people who helps to consolidate that culture will earn a place in Gambian history forever. This is what the AFPRC should yearn for. (to be continued) perhaps in the next issue of the Point.
I am also looking foward in getting a FOROYAA suppliment on the letter.
I think that since the AFPRC members are also Gambians, they could stand as candidates in an election provided they become civilians. But would it be fair with the monopoly they have right now? I have my doubts too!
--- OffRoad 1.9n registered to Momodou Camara
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Date: Fri, 16 Feb 1996 21:34:46 From: binta@iuj.ac.jp To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE Message-ID: <199602151230.VAA16014@mlsv.iuj.ac.jp>
I think what Mr. Halifa Sallah was implicitly telling the AFPRC is that they should either stop their seemingly dubious campaigning or openly declare that they want to throw their hat into the political ring. >From what I garnered, the AFPRC continues to invade the provinces with rhetorics and political propaganda that only fit a political party. What Mr. Sallah is trying to say, provided I understand the quotation made by the Point correspondent, is that the junta should clearly spell out its stance toward the proposed July 1996 election. The AFPRC should either become non-partisan forthwith or become a political party with vested interest in the election by declaring so.
However, all indications are pointing to the fact that the AFPRC wishes to stay in power. Their strategies and utterances show these signs in no unclear terms, and I will be more than surprised if the elections go on as scheduled without an AFPRC party or an AFPRC-backed party.
In any case, did Taiwan give the Gambia $35m or $30m. A friend of mine who is American and a student here went to Taiwan some time ago. In fact he is the first person who told me about the cash offering made to the Gambia which he stated as $35m. Does anyone know what figure the AFPRC declared to the Gambian people, and is it true that when quizzed by the Gambia people about the sources of funds for the ongoing projects the AFPRC said the money came from God? Could someone throw more light on these and shake me from my `ignorance'? Moreover, is the AFPRC not adopting `politiking tricks' similar to the previous regime by failing to explain most of the dismissals and the way the state is being run? Equally intriguing, has the intelligensia in the Gambia awaken from its slumber and docility? They have a moral obligation to `speak out loud and clear', you know.
Best wishes!
Lamin Drammeh.
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Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 10:04:58 -0400 (EDT) From: Amadou Scattred Janneh <AJANNEH@pstcc.cc.tn.us> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: The "Transition" Message-ID: <01I18KLBCIWY8WYSM3@pstcc.cc.tn.us>
My dear fellows:
Jammeh has the right to compete for political power and to be elected by those voters who believe in what he represents--provided that he meets constitutional requirements for candidacy. The problem, however, is that the transition process has assumed an unfortunate shape and it is already taking the wrong direction. Regardless of what label the regime attaches to Jammeh's meetings and tours around the country, he and the AFPRC have, in effect, been engaging in political campaigning; at the same time that partisan political activity is supposed to be banned. There are the so-called Committees for the Defence of the Revolution as well as the July 22nd Movement which engage in mobilizing support for the military regime and laying the groundwork for a very probable civilianization. To make matters worse, Jammeh's public pronouncements leave very little to be desired. He talks about killing, slaughtering, etc. in reference to those who do not share the AFPRC's perspective. The regime may succeed in instilling fear in many Gambians, but some others will continue to bide their time and plan for the day of reckoning. Jammeh needs only to be reminded of the fate that befell President Doe of Liberia (after TEN YEARS at the helm). I sincerely don't BELIEVE that the AFPRC will hand over power to a civilian, democratic regime in July as scheduled. I see a few probable senarios: (1) A palace coup (Sierra Leone-style) leads to a revision of the transition program, extending militarism in The Gambia. (2) Fraudulent elections coupled with the fearful atmosphere created by the military junta ensure that Jammeh or some pro-military candidate is "elected." and (3) The AFPRC baits civilian power brokers and creates the necessary environment to legitimize a nullification of the elections (Nigeria-style). What do you think? What can we do to ensure the best possible outcome?
Amadou.
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Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 11:46:37 -0800 (PST) From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: The Gambia and Related Issues Mailing List <gambia-l@u.washington.edu> Subject: Re: The "Transition" Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.91l.960215084428.23255A-100000@saul1.u.washington.edu>
Amadou, you hit it on the right spot. We will be extremely naive to entertain any thoughts that Jammeh and The AFPRC will relinquish power back to civilians and return to the barracks. I can envision a Jerry Rawlings style emulation by declaring himself as civilian, and off course winning or declaring himself and The AFPRC party or backed party garnering the majority of votes. After all that is part of the African leaders's psyche, to consolidate and remain in power if not for life, then for the longest period of time possible. As Youssou Ndour correctly sings in one of his songs " Africa remembers " NIT KU NYUL LA BUGA NGUR ( black people like to rule or govern ) is quite undisputable. As well as I can remember, only two incumbent African leaders have ever been removed from power through the ballot box. 1967, in Sierra Leone, Siaka Stevens defeated then Prime Minister Albert Margai and fews years ago in Zambia, Chilubua ( something like that ) ousted President Kenneth Kaunda in the presence of world wide scrutiny with International Observers at the scene. I will emphasis that those two incidences were aberrations. The point is that The African political landscape is never played on a level playing field. Incumbents control all the political and election machinery and illegally use public resources for their benefits to campaign. Above all elections are rigged and thus fraudulent. We have all been witnesses to all those things in the 30 year rule by Jawara and his PPP party. A case in point, the last general elections that I witnessed in The Gambia was in 1972. In my constituency Banjul South, then Finance Minister Garba Jahumpa was the PPP candidate opposed by Dodou Taal ( UP ) before he " crossed the carpet " to PPP. I remembered that at that time Dodou Taal was the heavy favorite because the people of Half die district were extremely upset at Jahumpa. However to everybody's shock, Jahumpa was declared the winner. In the preceding election of 1967, Jarhumpa duped P.S. Njie leader of the United Party ( UP ) into forming a coalition under the banner of UP/Congress Party. Consequently, Jahumpa was overwhelming elected in Banjul South against Lawyer Abdoulie Drammeh, his PPP opponent. Immediately, after the election and with spirit of opportunism he joined the long line of party switchers into the PPP which included MC Cham, MC Jallow, Andrew (Assan) Camara, Badara Njie etc and got rewarded with a cabinet post. Another example of election manipulation was that Banjul used to be originally divided into five voting constituencies: Half Die, Soldier town, Jollof and Portuguise ( Dingare ), New town East and New town West. All the five districts used to be swept by UP with sometimes Congress getting 1 or 2. As a result of that, Jawara redistricted it into the current 3 districts: Banjul South, Central and North. So that is gerrymandering at its best. I cited the above examples to prove my point regarding the inequities in the African electoral process. By the way, I am not concluding this is only restricted to The Gambia. I seriously believe that other African countries are even worse. How about the last Presidential elections of our bigger neighbor Senegal. Results of the election were not disclosed until 4 weeks afterwards when it was announced that Abdou Diouf was the winner while most opinion polls and Senegalese abroad favored Abdoulaye Wade. Overall, let us not deceive ourselves to think that Jammeh will step down, otherwise we have another thought coming. He will just follow the trend. There were mentions of the loan that we received from Taiwan as a result of our establishment of diplomatic relationship with them and also allegations of some of those funds finding its way into the AFPRC and Jammeh's private accounts. There was a story on that last November which I forwarded to the group which also dealt with those allegations made by Jawara. Anyway, I am reforwarding it after this message for the benefit of those who were not on the list at the time. It can refresh memories and trigger more discussion on the subject. Thanks Tony
========================================================================
Anthony W Loum tloum@u.washington.edu Supervisor, Business Administration Library 206-543-4360 voice 100 Balmer Hall 206-685-9392 fax University of Washington Box 353200 Seattle, Wa.98195-3200 =========================================================================
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Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 11:55:20 -0800 (PST) From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Gambia rulers pocketed loan cash -ex-president (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.91l.960215115452.23183A-100000@saul3.u.washington.edu>
FYI- Tony
---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 9:30:22 PST From: Reuters <C-reuters@clari.net> Newgroups: clari.world.africa.western, clari.news.crime.fraud+embezzle, clari.world.africa, clari.news.crime.white_collar Subject: Gambia rulers pocketed loan cash -ex-president
LONDON (Reuter) - Gambia's former president, Sir Dawda Jawara, alleged Wednesday that the young officers who overthrew him had siphoned off millions of dollars of a loan from Taiwan and put it in their personal Swiss bank accounts. Jawara, whose elected government fell to a coup last year, said he had received copies of documents from Banjul detailing the terms of the $35 million loan. ``Several million dollars of this loan have already been deposited in the private accounts of President (Yahya) Jammeh and his associates,'' Jawara told a news conference held by the International Society for Human Rights. Jawara said the documents showed the loan was in two tranches -- one of $5 million for the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council and the rest for the government itself. He said he had also received evidence that $3 million from the first tranche had gone into Jammeh's private account in Geneva. The loan was advanced by Taiwan after the restoration of full diplomatic relations between the two countries, which prompted China to pull its diplomats out of Banjul. Jawara has been in exile in Britain since his overthrow in July 1994. He said since then all human rights had been extirpated in the country, which had been one of the few in Africa to have held multi-party elections ever since independence. ``The regime has instituted a campaign of terror, intimidation and detention to consolidate its power,'' he said. Jawara said he was extremely skeptical about pledges by the military rulers to leave power and hold elections in July next year. He said Jammeh was on record as declaring that democracy was an alien concept in Africa. ``Everything that the junta says and does is contrary to any wish to give up power,'' he added. -- This is the NEW RELEASE of the ClariNet e.News! If you notice any problems with the new edition, please mail us at editor@clari.net and let us know. Thanks! More information can be found on our web site at http://www.clari.net/ or in clari.net.announce.
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Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 15:46:58 -0500 (EST) From: "Malanding S. Jaiteh" <msjaiteh@mtu.edu> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Cc: msjaiteh@mtu.edu Subject: Re: The "Transition" Message-ID: <199602152047.PAA13676@forest2.ffr.mtu.edu>
On the contrary I do not think Captain Jammeh or any other Gambian who force his way into our state house and suspending our constitution should be given any right to run for any puplic office. For Gambians should be ready to defend the constitution and not suspend or abuse it. We should remember that these boys were sworn to uphold the constitution when they signed up in the army. The idea that any tom dick or harry can use force to declare himself president should be erased from our books. Civilianization of any military regime is not only endosing their behavior but we are going to encourage others to follow suit. I believe that any election with Yaya or any other member of his regime contesting should be boycotted by all Gambians. I believe that stability in the future can only be achieved if everyone of us start regarding the constitution as one that did not only establish the existence of our country but one that needs to be kept no matter what.
After all who has the right to suspend a constitution and underwhat condition is it really patriotic to do so? Infact what was so bad in our previous constitution that it needed suspension? Do we have constitutional scholars out there to guide us?
I believe that one thing that is yet to be understood by many of our folks is what a constitution is and what is stand for in our modern society. First of all the Gambia or most modern states in the Gambia are not kingdoms. The territories built upon some kind of binding document the constitution. Ofcourse we need constitutional scholars to tell us more but
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Date: Fri, 16 Feb 1996 14:37:25 From: binta@iuj.ac.jp To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE Message-ID: <199602160532.OAA21853@mlsv.iuj.ac.jp>
On Fri, 16 Feb 1996 21:34:46, binta@mlsv.iuj.ac.jp wrote... >I think what Mr. Halifa Sallah was implicitly telling the AFPRC is that >they should either stop their seemingly dubious campaigning or openly >declare that they want to throw their hat into the political ring. >>From what I garnered, the AFPRC continues to invade the provinces >with rhetorics and political propaganda that only fit a political >party. What Mr. Sallah is trying to say, provided I understand the >quotation made by the Point correspondent, is that the junta should >clearly spell out its stance toward the proposed July 1996 election. >The AFPRC should either become non-partisan forthwith or become a >political party with vested interest in the election by declaring so. > >However, all indications are pointing to the fact that the AFPRC wishes >to stay in power. Their strategies and utterances show these signs in >no unclear terms, and I will be more than surprised if the elections >go on as scheduled without an AFPRC party or an AFPRC-backed party. > >In any case, did Taiwan give the Gambia $35m or $30m. A friend of mine >who is American and a student here went to Taiwan some time ago. In >fact he is the first person who told me about the cash offering made to >the Gambia which he stated as $35m. Does anyone know what figure the >AFPRC declared to the Gambian people, and is it true that when quizzed >by the Gambia people about the sources of funds for the ongoing projects >the AFPRC said the money came from God? Could someone throw more light >on these and shake me from my `ignorance'? Moreover, is the AFPRC not >adopting `politiking tricks' similar to the previous regime by failing >to explain most of the dismissals and the way the state is being run? >Equally intriguing, has the intelligensia in the Gambia awaken from >its slumber and docility? They have a moral obligation to `speak out >loud and clear', you know. > >Best wishes! > >Lamin Drammeh.
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Date: Fri, 16 Feb 96 12:21:44 GMT From: L Konteh <L.Konteh-95@student.lut.ac.uk> To: gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Re: THE boys WILL NOT WILLINGLY LEAVE Message-ID: <9602161221.AA17408@hpl.lut.ac.uk>
Hello Group Members In answer to some of the questions raised, i will refer you to an interview a jounalist of SUD FM from Senegal had with Jammeh. Foroya carried the full text of the interview word for word. In it when asked where he got the money from for all these development projects. Answer: From God. Question, how did God give you money, did he handed it over to you or by some form of magic. Answer: Do you magic your life, asked Jammeh. No, replied the jounalist.; and so the interview continues...
On the question of declaration of the $35 Million (Yes, $35 Million) from Taiwan, no, there was no declaration. The only time one knew of a special development account was when they fellout with Ebou Jallow.
Can anyone tell me whether its right and proper for a ruling government to hold an account different from central government account which is administered by the Governor of central bank, Accountant General , Auditor General and a host of government officials. As a novice in accounting, can someone highlight me on that. Thanks.
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Date: Fri, 16 Feb 1996 08:37:52 -0800 (PST) From: "A. Loum" <tloum@u.washington.edu> To: Gambia-l@u.washington.edu Subject: Gambia to start voter registration on April 1 (fwd) Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.91l.960216083656.24695A-100000@saul2.u.washington.edu>
FYI -
Tony
========================================================================
Anthony W Loum tloum@u.washington.edu Supervisor, Business Administration Library 206-543-4360 voice 100 Balmer Hall 206-685-9392 fax University of Washington Box 353200 Seattle, Wa.98195-3200 =========================================================================
---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 14:00:49 PST From: Reuters <C-reuters@clari.net> Newgroups: clari.world.africa.western, clari.world.gov.politics, clari.world.africa Subject: Gambia to start voter registration on April 1
BANJUL, Gambia (Reuter) - The military rulers in the West African tourist haven of Gambia, under pressure from abroad to return the country to civilian rule, will begin registering voters on April 1, officials said. The process would last until May 13 and the minimum voting age would be lowered from 22 to 18. Military leader Yahya Jammeh headed a group of young officers who toppled civilian president Sir Dawda Jawara in July 1994 accusing his administration of corruption. Initially, he proposed a 4 1/2 year timetable for elections and returning the country to civilian rule. He brought the date forward to July after an international outcry, particularly from traditional donors. He has not yet announced a date for lifting a ban on political parties. The tiny country, a former British colony heavily dependent on tourism and foreign aid, has a population of just over one million. Before the coup, it welcomed 130,000 tourists a year, about half of them from Britain. European countries advised their nationals to stay away after bloodshed during a counter-coup attempt in late 1994, seriously hitting the tourist industry in 1995. Officials and industry sources have reported signs of a recovery for 1996. -- This is the NEW RELEASE of the ClariNet e.News! If you notice any problems with the new edition, please mail us at editor@clari.net and let us know. Thanks! More information can be found on our web site at http://www.clari.net/ or in clari.net.announce.
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End of GAMBIA-L Digest 3 ************************
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